Hans Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol. 10  No. 01 ( 2020 ), Article ID: 33953 , 6 pages
10.12677/HJAS.2020.101010

Effect of Feed Added Seaweed Fermentation Broth on Growth and Survival of Juvenile Haliotis discus hannai

Liyuan Liu1, Lirong Chang1*, Yanyan Yao1, Wanyou Zhou2, Xiaobin Yang1, Luyang Xiao1, Longfei Lu1, Xiaohui Wang1, Fei Gao2

1Weihai Changqing Ocean Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Rongcheng Shandong

2Weihai Jinpai Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Rushan Shandong

Received: Dec. 24th, 2019; accepted: Jan. 8th, 2020; published: Jan. 15th, 2020

ABSTRACT

In this paper, 4-month-old and 5-month-old juvenile Haliotis discus hannai were fed with different doses of seaweed fermentation broth, and the differences in growth, feed conversion rate and mortality of young abalones were compared within 30 days. The results showed that in the 4-month-old young abalone experimental group, the 0.5% seaweed fermentation broth added group grown best. The daily growth of the shell (183.44 ± 6.47 μm∙d−1) and the daily growth of the shell width (124.96 ± 5.27 μm∙d−1) were significantly higher than those of the other treatment groups. The daily growth of weight (24.06 ± 0.97 mg∙d−1) was higher than that of other treatment groups (the difference was not significant), and the mortality rate (1.22% ± 0.75%) was lower than that of other treatment groups (the difference was not significant). The feed conversion rate of the 1.0% seaweed fermentation broth supplement group was higher than that of other treatment groups (the difference was not significant). In the 5-month-old young abalone experimental group, the daily increase in shell length (162.71 ± 5.79 μm∙d−1) and the daily increase in shell width (104.18 ± 4.28 μm∙d−1) in the 1.0% supplementation group were significantly higher than those in the other groups. In the treatment group, the daily growth of weight (27.91 ± 2.35 mg∙d−1) was higher than that in other treatment groups (the difference was not significant), and the mortality rate (1.15% ± 0.93%) was lower than in other treatment groups (the difference was not significant). The feed conversion rate of the control group was higher than the other treatment groups (the difference was not significant). The addition of 0.25% - 1% seaweed fermentation broth can promote the growth of 4-month-old and 5-month-old abalones.

Keywords:Haliotis discus hannai, Seaweed Fermentation Broth, Daily Growth of Shell Length, Daily Growth of Weight, Mortality

饲料添加海藻发酵液对皱纹盘鲍幼鲍生长及 存活的影响

刘力源1,常丽荣1*,姚艳艳1,周万友2,杨晓斌1,肖露阳1,卢龙飞1,王晓辉1,高飞2

1威海长青海洋科技股份有限公司,山东 荣成

2威海金牌生物科技有限公司,山东 乳山

收稿日期:2019年12月24日;录用日期:2020年1月8日;发布日期:2020年1月15日

摘 要

本文用添加不同剂量海藻发酵液的饲料投喂4月龄和5月龄的幼鲍,比较30天内幼鲍生长、饲料转化率和死亡率的差异,结果表明:在4月龄幼鲍实验组,0.25%的海藻发酵液添加组生长最优,其壳长日增长率(183.44 ± 6.47 μm·d−1)、壳宽日增长量(124.96 ± 5.27 μm·d−1)均显著高于其他处理组(P < 0.05),个重日增长率(24.06 ± 0.97 mg·d−1)高于其他处理组(差异不显著),死亡率(1.22% ± 0.75%)低于其他处理组(差异不显著),1.0%海藻发酵液添加组饲料转化率高于其他处理组(差异不显著);在5月龄幼鲍实验组,1.0%添加组的壳长日增长率(162.71 ± 5.79 μm·d−1)、壳宽日增长量(104.18 ± 4.28 μm·d−1)均显著高于其他处理组(P < 0.05),个重日增长率(27.91 ± 2.35 mg·d−1)高于其他处理组(差异不显著),死亡率(1.15% ± 0.93%)低于其他处理组(差异不显著),对照组饲料转化率高于其他处理组(差异不显著)。0.25%~1%的海藻发酵液添加能够促进4~5月龄幼鲍的生长。

关键词 :皱纹盘鲍,海藻发酵液,壳长日增长率,个重日增长率,死亡率

Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

1. 引言

皱纹盘鲍主要自然分布于辽东半岛和山东半岛沿岸海域,是我国鲍养殖的主要品种。在生长过程中,鲍随着发育阶段的不同而选择不同的饵料。在人工养殖模式下,饲料的质量和数量会直接影响鲍生长发育 [1]。有研究报道 [2] [3] [4],用人工配合饲料投喂皱纹盘鲍,比传统海带饲喂能更好地促进鲍的生长。前人研究发现饲料中添加发酵饲料添加剂对禽畜养殖和水产养殖具有增产效果 [5] [6] [7]。有研究发现饲料中添加发酵浒苔能提高花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicas)生长性能、消化酶活性和免疫能力 [8]。海藻发酵液富含各类矿质元素(K,Mg,Ca,Fe等)、有机酸、多糖类物质和天然抗生素类物质 [9] [10] [11],已有大量研究表明海藻发酵液具有促进种子萌发和幼苗生长、增强作物抗逆性、促进作物根系生长和提高农产品质量等功效 [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]。

陈全震等 [7] 研究发现,用螺旋藻粉作人工配合饲料的添加剂能明显促进鲍的生长。Nandeesha [17] 等用螺旋藻分别代替鱼粉来配制饲料饲喂两种鲤科鱼类,结果表明螺旋藻能提高鱼体对蛋白质的消化率,还能促进鱼体对脂肪的吸收 [12]。而将海藻发酵液作为鲍饲料添加剂的报道则较少。本实验用不同剂量的海藻发酵液作为饲料添加剂,比较其对4月龄和5月龄幼鲍生长和存活的影响,以期为鲍人工配合饲料的研制提供参考,也为海藻发酵物在鲍养殖方面提供理论支撑。

2. 实验材料、方法

2.1. 实验材料

实验时间为2018年8~10月,实验所用皱纹盘鲍均取自威海长青海洋科技股份有限公司,于8月21日~9月20日、9月20~10月20日分别对4月龄和5月龄的皱纹盘鲍进行了实验。本实验所用饲料由威海金牌生物科技有限公司提供,饲料中粗蛋白 ≥ 30.0%,粗灰分 ≤ 30.0%,粗纤维 ≤ 12.0%,赖氨酸 ≥ 1.3%,总磷 ≥ 1.0%,水分 ≤ 12.0%,粗脂肪 ≥ 2.5%。结合生产经验和已有研究结果 [18],实验组饲料在对照组饲料的基础上分别添加0.25%、0.5%和1.0%的海藻发酵液浓缩干燥而得(荣成凯普生物工程有限公司提供)。

2.2. 饲养条件

实验共设4组处理,每组处理设置3个平行,共12个养殖池,以4月龄和5月龄的皱纹盘鲍为试验对象,每个养殖池投放8000粒幼鲍,饲料日投喂量为220 g/池。养殖池规格为***,采用全天流水养殖,傍晚投喂饵料时停水1小时,饲料投喂量为鲍个重的4%,水温为24℃ ± 2℃。

2.3. 鲍生长性能指标计算方法

实验中壳长日增长率(LGR)、个重日增长率(WGR)、饲料转化率(FCR)、特定生长率(SGR)计算如下:

LGR = ( L t L 0 ) / t [19] ;

WGR = ( W t W 0 ) / t [19] ;

FCR = / * 100 % [20] ;

SGR = 100 * ( lnW t lnW 0 ) / t [20] ;

其中,L0、Lt分别为投喂添加海藻发酵液饲料时的初始壳长(mm)和最终壳长(mm);W0、Wt分别为投喂添加海藻发酵液饲料时初始个重(g)和最终个重(g);t为养殖天数。

2.4. 数据统计分析

本实验所得数据用SPSS 25.0进行单因素方差分析(one way ANOVA),代表差异显著。

3. 结果与分析

3.1. 不同剂量的海藻发酵液对4月龄皱纹盘鲍生长存活的影响

表1所示,0.25%剂量组的4月龄皱纹盘鲍壳长日增长率(183.44 ± 6.47 μm∙d−1)和壳宽日增长量(124.96 ± 5.27 μm∙d−1)显著高于其他剂量组和对照(P < 0.05)。0.25%剂量组的皱纹盘鲍个重日增长率(24.06 ± 0.97 mg∙d−1)最高,但与其他处理组间差异不显著。饲料转化率以1%剂量组的鲍(1.26 ± 0.16%)最高,但各处理间差异不显著;死亡率以0.25%剂量组的鲍(1.22 ± 0.75%)最低。

Table 1. Effects of different doses of seaweed fermentation broth on growth performance indicators of 4-month-old abalones

表1. 不同剂量的海藻发酵液对4月龄鲍的生长性能指标的影响

注:小写字母表示在95%水平下的显著性差异(ANOVA Tukey’s test;P < 0.05)。

3.2. 不同剂量的海藻发酵液对5月龄皱纹盘鲍生长存活的影响

表2所示,与对照组相比,海带发酵液的添加显著提高了5月龄皱纹盘鲍的壳长日增长率和壳宽日增长量。1.0%剂量组(162.71 ± 5.79 μm∙d−1)促进壳长和壳宽增长的效果最明显;1.0%剂量组(27.91 ± 2.35 mg∙d−1)与对照组(25.52 ± 0.79 mg∙d−1)相比对增加鲍个重也有显著差异(P < 0.05),但与其他剂量组相比差异不显著。特定生长率以1.0%剂量组(2.27% ± 0.07%)最高,死亡率和饲料转化率均以1.0%剂量组(1.15% ± 0.93%、0.99% ± 0.10%)最低,各处理间差异均不显著。

Table 2. Effects of different doses of seaweed fermentation broth on growth performance indicators of 5-month-old abalones

表2. 不同剂量的海藻发酵液对5月龄鲍的生长性能指标的影响

4. 讨论

本研究中所用海藻发酵液采用生物法制备 [21],该方法的优势是最大限度的保留了褐藻寡糖。已有大量研究表明褐藻寡糖对促进作物生长、营养吸收和提高产量具有重要作用 [22] [23] [24]。本实验中添加不同剂量的海藻发酵液后皱纹盘鲍的死亡率均低于对照组,并且壳长日增长率和壳宽日增长均大于未使用添加剂的对照组,这说明海藻发酵液对皱纹盘鲍生长有一定的促进作用。推测海藻发酵液之所以能够促进鲍生长可能与褐藻寡糖有关。前人研究发现褐藻寡糖对水稻、花生、樱桃番茄等作物生长具有促进作用 [25] [26],但动物养殖实验则较少。在本实验中,0.5%和1.0%剂量的添加剂分别对4月龄和5月龄皱纹盘鲍的生长促进作用最显著,这可能与鲍个体大小有关。皱纹盘鲍个体大小的差异与其饲料取食量和饲料利用率有关。但添加组和未添加组的饲料利用率、死亡率参数则差异不显著,这可能与饲料、海带发酵液的组分不稳定相关,在后续实验中将继续对海藻发酵物的添加量以及海藻提取物的制备方法进行进一步改进和探究。

基金项目

海带多糖及其衍生物高值化综合利用关键技术研究(2019TSLH0501)。

文章引用

刘力源,常丽荣,姚艳艳,周万友,杨晓斌,肖露阳,卢龙飞,王晓辉,高 飞. 饲料添加海藻发酵液对皱纹盘鲍幼鲍生长及存活的影响
Effect of Feed Added Seaweed Fermentation Broth on Growth and Survival of Juvenile Haliotis discus hannai[J]. 农业科学, 2020, 10(01): 69-74. https://doi.org/10.12677/HJAS.2020.101010

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  27. NOTES

    *通讯作者。

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