Advances in Clinical Medicine
Vol. 13  No. 09 ( 2023 ), Article ID: 72686 , 5 pages
10.12677/ACM.2023.1392068

海军某部驻地干部体检中高尿酸血症调查 与相关因素分析

吴健1*,孟文涛1*,于红2#

1中国人民解放军92493部队医院,军事医学与特种学科,辽宁 葫芦岛

2中国人民解放军92493部队医院,内分泌科,辽宁 葫芦岛

收稿日期:2023年8月19日;录用日期:2023年9月14日;发布日期:2023年9月19日

摘要

目的:了解海军某部医院驻地干部体检中高尿酸血症发生情况及其相关危险因素分析,为制定预防措施提供依据。方法:以2022海军某部医院驻地体检干部为研究对象,分为高尿酸血症组和非高尿酸血症组,比较两组间甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白及胆固醇等指标差异,并进行logistic多元回归分析,探讨尿酸水平与其他代谢指标的关系。结果:与非高尿酸血症组相比,高尿酸血症组高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症发生率明显增加,logistic多元回归分析显示,尿酸水平与甘油三酯关系密切。结论:血尿酸水平与血脂密切相关,是危害官兵健康的重要因素,应保持良好的饮食习惯,适当进行体育锻炼。

关键词

高尿酸血症,海军,危险因素

Investigation of Hyperuricemia and Analysis of Related Factors in Physical Examination of Resident Cadres in a Navy Department

Jian Wu1*, Wentao Meng1*, Hong Yu2#

1Discipline of Military and Special Medicine, The 92493 Military Hospital of PLA, Huludao Liaoning

2Endocrinology Department of the 92493 Military Hospital of PLA, Huludao Liaoning

Received: Aug. 19th, 2023; accepted: Sep. 14th, 2023; published: Sep. 19th, 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the occurrence of hyperuricemia and its related risk factors during physical examination of the resident cadres in a Navy hospital, and to provide basis for formulating preventive measures. Methods: In 2022, the resident medical cadres of a Navy hospital were divided into hyperuricemia group and non-hyperuricemia group. The differences of triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and cholesterol between the two groups were compared, and the relationship between uric acid level and other metabolic indicators was investigated by logistic regression analysis. Results: Compared with non-hyperuricemia group, the incidence of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia increased significantly in hyperuricemia group. Logistic multiple regression analysis showed that there was a close relationship between uric acid level and triglyceride. Conclusion: Blood uric acid level is closely related to blood lipid, which is an important factor harmful to the health of officers and soldiers. Balanced eating habits should be maintained and proper physical exercise should be carried out.

Keywords:Hyperuricemia, The Navy, Risk Factors

Copyright © 2023 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

1. 引言

尿酸(uric acid, UA)是嘌呤代谢的终产物,尿酸生成过多或排出障碍导致高尿酸血症(hyperuricemia, HUA)。研究表明HUA是动脉粥样硬化以及冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的独立危险因子 [1] ,也可与高脂血症、高血压、高血糖等发挥协同作用,促进心脑血管疾病的发生 [2] 。高尿酸血症患者中约有5%~15%进展为痛风,最常表现为跖趾关节或踝关节剧烈疼痛肿胀;随着部队生活水平的改善,高尿酸血症的发病率逐年升高,是影响部队战斗力建设的危险因素之一。

2. 研究对象和方法

2.1. 研究对象

经患者知情同意,将2022年来我院健康体检的958名驻地部队干部作为研究对象,年龄30~54岁,平均(41.5 ± 5.4)岁。

2.2. 研究方法

受检者清晨空腹状态下,抽取静脉血3 ml,即刻分离血清,将血清分装冻存后进行检测,应用日立7180全自动生化分析仪测定UA、总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL)、甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)等指标,统计HUA患病率,分析UA水平与血脂、年龄的相关性。

2.3. 诊断标准

HUA诊断标准:UA > 450 μmol/L为升高;

高脂血症诊断标准:TC > 5.20 mmol/L为升高,LDL > 3.12 mmol/L为升高;HDL < 0.9 mmol/L为降低;TG > 1.88 mmol/L为升高;

2.4. 统计学处理

采用SPSS 14软件进行统计分析,计数资料采用均数 ± 标准差表示,组间计量资料比较采用两样本t检验或方差分析;采用多元回归分析HUA与危险因素进行相关性分析,p < 0.05时表示差异具有统计学差异。

3. 结果

3.1. 不同年龄段的代谢指标描述

958名官兵检测结果显示,共检出303人患HUA,患病率为31.63%,30~39岁年龄段尿酸水平显著高于40~49岁年龄段尿酸(p = 0.019);50岁以上人群TC水平显著高于30~39岁年龄段人群(p = 0.011);40~49岁年龄段人群和超过50岁人群TG显著高于30~39岁人群(p = 0.001, p = 0.029),见表1

Table 1. Analysis of metabolic indexes in different age groups

表1. 不同年龄段代谢指标分析

*p < 0.05 (组1 vs组2);#p < 0.05 (组1 vs组3)。

3.2. HUA组与非HUA组人群其他代谢指标比较

HUA组TG显著高于非HUA组(p = 0.001),HDL显著低于非HUA组(p = 0.004);HAU组TC水平高于非HUA组,差异无统计学意义(p = 0.076),见表2

Table 2. Comparison of serum lipid levels between hyperuricemia group and non-hyperuricemia group

表2. 高尿酸血症组与非高尿酸血症组的血脂水平比较

3.3. 危险因素相关性分析

经Pearson相关性分析,UA水平与TC、TG、LDL呈正相关,与HDL呈负相关,见表3

4. 讨论

随着国家经济水平的提高,部队饮食保障多元化,官兵生活水平持续改善,富含嘌呤类和高脂肪类食物摄入增加,引起嘌呤合成增加,使UA生成增加,导致HUA患病率逐年增加。HUA的形成主要是体内嘌呤代谢生成UA过多或UA排泄减少引起的,可进展为痛风和肾结石,急性发作时严重影响官兵身心健康,是影响部队战斗力建设的主要危险因素之一。

Table 3. Correlation analysis between UA and other metabolic indexes

表3. UA与其他代谢指标相关性分析

越来越多的研究证实,UA在代谢综合征的进展中发挥着至关重要的作用 [3] 。在过去看来,UA水平增高是由于高胰岛素血症,因为胰岛素抑制了肾脏排泄尿酸;但是HUA的发生通常早于高胰岛素血症、肥胖以及糖尿病 [4] [5] [6] 。UA促进代谢综合征进展是由于两个因素,一是骨骼肌中糖的吸收取决于胰岛素刺激内皮细胞释放NO介导的血流量增加,二是UA诱导脂肪细胞炎性、氧化反应 [3] 。

研究显示HUA人群中血脂水平也明显高于非HUA人群,其HDL显著低于非HUA人群;UA水平与TG、TC水平存在正相关性,与HDL存在负相关性,提示UA水平的增高与血脂代谢异常存在着密切关系。UA与血脂代谢过程中受三磷酸甘油脱氢酶调控,酶活性降低时可导致两者水平增高;此外,UA代谢过程中产生的活性氧以及尿酸盐结晶损伤内皮细胞功能,进而引起血脂代谢异常;血脂异常引起的肾动脉硬化,导致UA排泄减少,引起HUA。

因此,HUA与心血管疾病、肾脏疾病、高血压、肥胖、糖尿病等密切相关 [7] ,Meta分析发现冠心病患者UA每增加1 mg/dL,其死亡率增加约12% [8] ,是2型糖尿病、高血压的独立危险因素,可能与UA损伤内皮功能有关,且呈UA水平剂量依赖性 [8] [9] 。HUA可介导胰岛素抵抗、脂肪肝和脂质代谢异常,多项研究发现可依据UA水平预测肥胖、代谢综合征、非酒精性脂肪肝、糖尿病的进展风险 [10] [11] [12] 。

如何预防HUA是增进官兵健康的研究热点之一。应从多个方面切入,采取有针对性的健康宣教。多饮水可促进新陈代谢,每天饮用2000 ml以上,稀释尿液浓度,促进尿酸排泄。饮食上应减少海鲜类、烧烤、火锅、浓肉汤、动物内脏等高嘌呤、高脂食物的摄入量,多食碱性食品如水果、蔬菜、米面等 [13] ;此外,饮酒是高尿酸血症的危险因素,生活方式上提倡戒烟、禁酒;科学的体育锻炼如慢跑、广场舞、八段锦、韵律操等有氧运动,每天30分钟左右为宜。随着我国海军走向深蓝,长远航任务越来越多,HUA已成为部队多发病之一,日常生活中应注重膳食合理性、适当体育锻炼、养成良好的生活习惯。

文章引用

吴 健,孟文涛,于 红. 海军某部驻地干部体检中高尿酸血症调查与相关因素分析
Investigation of Hyperuricemia and Analysis of Related Factors in Physical Examination of Resident Cadres in a Navy Department[J]. 临床医学进展, 2023, 13(09): 14783-14787. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2023.1392068

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  14. NOTES

    *第一作者。

    #通讯作者。

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