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Studies in Synthetic Chemistry
Vol. 07  No. 02 ( 2019 ), Article ID: 30816 , 5 pages
10.12677/SSC.2019.72004

Synthesis of 2H-Pyranes Catalyzed by 2-Dimethylaminopyridine

Wanle Yang, Yifan Liu, Chenjiang Liu*

The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals of Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi Xinjiang

Received: May 29th, 2019; accepted: Jun. 11th, 2019; published: Jun. 18th, 2019

ABSTRACT

In this paper, a series of 2H-pyrane compounds were synthesized by the reaction of α-bromocinnamaldehydes with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in dichloromethane using 2-dimethylaminopyridine as an organic catalyst. The method is environment friendly and easy to operate.

Keywords:2-Dimethylaminopyridine, 2H-Pyrane, Catalyze, Synthesis

2-二甲氨基吡啶催化合成2H-吡喃类化合物

杨万乐，刘议璠，刘晨江*

新疆大学化学化工学院，石油天然气精细化工教育部&自治区重点实验室，新疆 乌鲁木齐

收稿日期：2019年5月29日；录用日期：2019年6月11日；发布日期：2019年6月18日

摘 要

本文以2-二甲氨基吡啶作为一种有机催化剂，催化α-溴代肉桂醛、1,3-二羰基化合物在二氯甲烷中反应合成了一系列2H-吡喃类化合物。该方法具有环境友好、操作简单的特点。

关键词 :2-二甲氨基吡啶，2H-吡喃，催化，合成

Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

1. 引言

吡喃不仅具有抗菌、抗癌、抗病毒、抗炎、抗氧化剂等作用，而且可作用于中枢神经系统的受体，在医药和农药领域应用广泛 [1] - [7] 。因此，该类化合物的合成研究受到人们的关注。

近年来，路易斯酸 [8] [9] 、布朗斯特酸 [10] [11] 、酶 [12] 、手性二芳基脯氨醇硅醚 [13] 等已被应用于吡喃衍生物的催化合成，这些方法具有产率高，底物普适性好，催化剂可循环使用的优点，遗憾的是有的方法存在使用过渡金属催化剂或反应条件苛刻等不足。寻找一种绿色、操作简单的方法构建吡喃化合物仍然是值得深入研究的课题之一。因此，本文提出了一种无金属条件下2-二甲氨基吡啶(2-DMAP)催化α-溴代肉桂醛和1,3环己二酮合成2H-吡喃类化合物的方法(反应式如式1所示)，考察了溶剂的种类、催化剂种类及氧化剂种类等因素对反应的影响，同时对反应底物的普适性进行了研究。

Scheme 1. Synthesis of 2H-pyrane derivatives

式1. 2H-吡喃衍生物的合成

2. 实验部分

2.1. 仪器与试剂

美国Varian inova-400型核磁共振仪(400 MHz, TMS)；美国Thermo Fisher Scientific Q-Exactive高分辨质谱仪；瑞士Büchi B-560型熔点仪；上海顾村电光仪器厂ZF-I型四用紫外仪。2-二甲氨基吡啶(北京百灵威科技有限公司)，所用药品及试剂均为市售分析纯，用前未经处理。α-溴代肉桂醛的合成参照文献 [14] 。

2.2. 2H-吡喃类化合物的合成

将装有α-溴代肉桂醛(0.3 mmol)、1,3-二羰基化合物(0.6 mmol)、35%过氧化氢水溶液(0.6 mmol)、催化剂2-二甲氨基吡啶(0.06 mmol)和2 mL二氯甲烷的耐压管在100℃下磁力搅拌反应16 h，冷却至室温，用乙酸乙酯(3 × 15 mL)萃取，合并有机相，无水硫酸钠干燥，抽滤除去干燥剂，将所得滤液减压旋除得残余物，经柱层析分离(V石油醚:V乙酸乙酯 = 20:1)得到目标产物。

3. 结果讨论

3.1. 反应条件的优化

以α-溴代肉桂醛、1,3-环己二酮为模型反应，考察了溶剂种类、催化剂种类、氧化剂种类等条件对反应的影响，实验结果见表1。首先，不同溶剂对该反应影响的结果表明(表1，entries 1-4)，二氯甲烷(DCM)作为溶剂时产物产率可以达到62%，因此二氯甲烷为最优溶剂。其次，探究了2-二甲氨基吡啶和4-二甲氨基吡啶两种催化剂对反应的影响(表1，entry 3和entry 5)，发现2-二甲氨基吡啶(2-DMAP)的催化效果较好，反应产率可达78%。接着，研究了氧化剂的种类对反应的影响，当氧化剂分别为双氧水(H2O2)，过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯(TBPB)，二叔丁基过氧化物(DTBP)，过硫酸铵((NH4)2S2O8)，过硫酸钾(K2S2O8)，产物产率分别为90%，39%，43%，82%，41% (表1，entries 6-10)，其中氧化剂为H2O2时反应效果最佳。综上，该反应的最佳反应条件为：20 mol% 2-DMAP为催化剂，H2O2(2 equiv.)为氧化剂，在二氯甲烷溶剂中100℃下磁力搅拌反应16 h。

Table 1. Optimization of reaction conditionsa

表1. 反应条件的优化a

a反应条件：α-溴代肉桂醛(0.3 mmol)，1,3-环己二酮(0.6 mmol)，100℃，16 h；b分离产率。

3.2. 底物普适性研究

在最优条件下，研究了反应底物的普适性，结果见表2。从中可以看出，当1,3-环己二酮5位上无取代基时，以90%的产率得到目标化合物3a；当其5位的取代基分别是的-CH3和-C6H5时，以89%和85%的产率得到相应的产物3b和3c；此外，5位上连有两个甲基时反应也能顺利发生，产物3d的产率为89%。当α-溴代肉桂醛的苯环上取代基为F、Cl、NO2等吸电子基团时都能顺利地得到目标产物3e-3h，产率为45-86%。当取代基NO2分别在α-溴代肉桂醛苯环上的2-位和4-位时，相应产物3g和3h的产率分别为45%和60%，说明空间位阻效应对该反应有一定的影响。总体而言，该反应的底物普适性较好。化合物结构经1H NMR，13C NMR，HRMS表征。

Table 2. Research of substrate scopea

表2. 底物的普适性研究a

a反应条件：α-溴代肉桂醛(0.3 mmol)，1,3-环己二酮(0.6 mmol)，2-DMAP (0.06 mmol)，100℃，16 h；b分离产率。

未被报道的化合物结构表征如下：

化合物3a: 3-bromo-2-phenyl-2,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-chromen-5-one, 白色固体，1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) = 7.43~7.39 (m, 5H), 7.09 (s, 1H), 5.90 (s, 1H), 2.45~2.23 (m, 4H), 1.99~1.92 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) = 193.56, 169.49, 136.74, 129.55, 128.81, 127.80, 120.18, 111.23, 110.24, 82.76, 35.99, 27.95, 20.24; HRMS (ESI) m/z[M+H]+calcd for C15H13BrO2: 305.01717, found: 305.01669.

化合物3b: 3-bromo-7-methyl-2-phenyl-2,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-chromen-5-one, 黄色液体, 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)δ (ppm) = 7.41 (m, 5H), 7.08 (d,J = 5.5 Hz, 1H), 5.90 (s, 1H), 2.51~1.94 (m, 5H), 1.04 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) = 193.66, 169.08, 136.64, 128.89, 127.82, 120.28, 111.09, 110.07, 82.84, 44.51, 36.23, 28.37, 20.94; HRMS (ESI) m/z[M+H]+calcd for C16H15BrO2 319.03282, found: 319.03235.

化合物3c: 3-bromo-2,7-diphenyl-2,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-chromen-5-one, 黄色固体，1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) = 7.47~7.41 (m, 5H), 7.31 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 7.28~7.24 (m, 1H), 7.19 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.13 (d, J = 9.7 Hz, 1H), 5.94 (s, 1H), 3.40~3.28 (m, 1H), 2.76~2.46 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) = 192.68, 168.56, 142.02, 136.46, 129.69, 128.83, 127.84, 127.10, 126.55, 120.17, 111.30, 110.30, 82.97, 43.33, 38.74, 35.53; HRMS (ESI) m/z[M+H]+calcd forC21H17BrO2:347.06412, found: 347.06360.

化合物3d: 3-bromo-7,7-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-chromen-5-one, 黄色液体，1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) = 7.44~7.39 (m, 5H), 7.08 (s, 1H), 5.90 (s, 1H), 2.27~2.13 (m, 4H), 1.05 (s, 3H), 1.02 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) = 193.29, 168.08, 136.77, 129.53, 128.79, 127.73, 120.02, 110.13, 82.82, 77.22, 76.90, 76.58, 49.97, 41.72, 32.14, 28.90, 27.47; HRMS (ESI) m/z[M+H]+calcd for C17H17BrO2: 333.04847, found: 333.04770.

化合物3e: 3-bromo-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-chromen-5-one, 白色固体,1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) = 7.40 (dd, J = 8.7, 5.3 Hz, 2H), 7.09 (dd, J = 9.5, 7.7 Hz, 3H), 5.88 (s, 1H), 2.45~2.21 (m, 4H), 1.99~1.92 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) = 193.50, 169.25, 164.54, 162.06, 132.60, 129.80, 120.41, 115.96, 115.74, 111.23, 109.96, 81.91, 35.97, 27.92, 20.22; HRMS (ESI) m/z[M+H]+calcd for C15H12BrFO2: 323.00775, found: 323.00708.

化合物3f: 3-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-chromen-5-one, 黄色液体，1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) = 7.42~7.31 (m, 4H), 7.09 (s, 1H), 5.87 (s, 1H), 2.44~2.21 (m, 4H), 1.95 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) = 193.70, 169.50, 135.58, 135.12, 129.24, 129.08, 120.47, 111.25, 109.70, 81.88, 35.93, 27.92 , 20.20 (s); HRMS (ESI) m/z[M+H]+calcd for C15H12BrClO2: 338.97820, found: 338.97757.

化合物3g: 3-bromo-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-chromen-5-one, 黄色固体，1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) = 8.28~8.24 (m, 2H), 7.63~7.59 (m, 2H), 7.12 (s, 1H), 5.98 (s, 1H), 2.49~2.24 (m, 5H), 2.01~1.94 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) = 193.41, 169.11, 148.54, 143.44, 128.83, 124.10, 121.08, 111.45, 108.87, 81.23, 35.98, 27.84, 20.21; HRMS (ESI) m/z[M+H]+calcd for C15H12BrNO4: 350.00225, found: 350.00156.

化合物3h: 3-bromo-2-(2-nitrophenyl)-2,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-chromen-5-one, 黄色固体，1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) = 7.98 (dd, J = 8.0, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.69~7.62 (m, 2H), 7.57 (m, 1H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 6.79 (s, 1H), 2.46~2.16 (m, 4H), 1.97~1.89 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) = 193.59, 169.43, 148.92, 133.33, 130.45 ,130.37, 129.66, 125.14, 122.17, 111.66, 108.10, 76.53, 35.99, 27.69, 20.17; HRMS (ESI) m/z [M+H]+calcd for C15H12BrNO4: 350.00225, found: 350.00146。

4. 结论

本文提出了一种无金属条件下，2-二甲氨基吡啶催化1,3环己二酮和α-溴代肉桂醛合成2H-吡喃类化合物的方法。该方法具有操作简单、原子经济性好和产率高等优点，丰富和发展了2H-吡喃类化合物的合成策略。

基金项目

国家自然科学基金(No. 21572195)。

文章引用

杨万乐,刘议璠,刘晨江. 2-二甲氨基吡啶催化合成2H-吡喃类化合物
Synthesis of 2H-Pyranes Catalyzed by 2-Dimethylaminopyridine[J]. 合成化学研究, 2019, 07(02): 18-22. https://doi.org/10.12677/SSC.2019.72004

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    15. NOTES

    *通讯作者。

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