Advances in Clinical Medicine
Vol. 13  No. 12 ( 2023 ), Article ID: 76640 , 5 pages
10.12677/ACM.2023.13122641

中性粒细胞血小板评分对恶性肿瘤患者 预后意义的研究进展

焦捷睿1,王海久2,王志鑫2,高颖1

1青海大学研究生院,青海 西宁

2青海大学附属医院肝胆外科,青海 西宁

收稿日期:2023年11月5日;录用日期:2023年11月30日;发布日期:2023年12月7日

摘要

近年来,越来越多的研究表明中性粒细胞血小板(NPS)评分对癌症患者的预后评估具有重要的临床意义。改良的中性粒细胞血小板评分(mNPS)作为反应机体预后的重要参数,已被报道用于多种类型癌症的预后。本文主要就mNPS对评估癌症患者预后的临床价值做一综述。

关键词

恶性肿瘤,预后,改良的中性粒细胞血小板评分

Research Progress on the Prognostic Significance of Neutrophil Platelet Score in Patients with Malignant Tumors

Jierui Jiao1, Haijiu Wang2, Zhixin Wang2, Ying Gao1

1Graduate School of Qinghai University, Xining Qinghai

2Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining Qinghai

Received: Nov. 5th, 2023; accepted: Nov. 30th, 2023; published: Dec. 7th, 2023

ABSTRACT

In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that the neutrophil platelet (NPS) score has important clinical significance in evaluating the prognosis of cancer patients. The improved neutrophil platelet score (mNPS), as an important parameter reflecting the prognosis of the body, has been reported for the prognosis of various types of cancer. This article mainly reviews the clinical value of mNPS in evaluating the prognosis of cancer patients.

Keywords:Malignancy, Prognosis, Improved Neutrophil Platelet Score

Copyright © 2023 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

1. 引言

根据相关统计研究表明,我国癌症发病率逐年增加,癌症已然成为我国人民的主要死因,给社会和家庭带来了极大的负担 [1] 。因此,我们迫切地需要一个强大的生物标志物来对患者的肿瘤风险进行分类以帮助医生对个体癌症患者选择合适的治疗方法 [2] 。近年来,越来越多证据表明NPS和mNPS可能在预测癌症患者预后上有重要意义 [2] [3] 。

2. NPS与mNPS概述及其应用

癌症的特征性标志之一是癌症所引起的炎症 [4] ,在许多类型的癌症中基于炎症的预后标志物最具潜力 [5] ,中性粒细胞或血小板数量的增加被认为是系统性炎症反应(SIR)的代用指标,早些年的一项体内体外研究澄清了中性粒细胞活化血小板和炎症过程之间的相互作用 [6] 。中性粒细胞由骨髓或脾脏产生,循环的中性粒细胞水平增加与疾病的进展相关 [7] [8] 。一些细胞因子和趋化因子,包括G-GSF、GM-CSF、IL-6、IL-10和VEGF,可能是参与恶性疾病患者的中心粒细胞增多症 [9] 。因此,循环的中心粒细胞水平的升高可能反映了癌症发展的SIR [2] 。此外,循环中的中性粒细胞的增加与癌症相关的血栓形成的风险增加明显相关 [10] [11] 。尽管中性粒细胞被认为是先天性免疫细胞,通过吞噬作用攻击病原体,并促进SIR以保护宿主免受感染,但最近发现的中性粒细胞胞外DNA陷阱(NET)已经引起了一些病例状况的关注,包括炎症、血栓形成和癌症生物学 [11] [12] [13] 。而不明原因的血栓栓塞可能是肿瘤本身的体征和症状变得明显之前存在恶性肿瘤的早期指标 [14] 。此外,血小板的异常激活也与恶性肿瘤有关 [14] [15] ,而NET的形成的生物学过程与凝血和血小板的聚集密切相关 [16] 。欧洲学者Watt等人基于这些证据研究出了中性粒细胞血小板评分(NPS)。中性粒细胞–血小板评分(NPS)计算如表1:中性粒细胞计数 ≤ 7.5 × 109/L和血小板 ≤ 400 × 109/L的患者评分为0,中性粒细胞 > 7.5 ×109/L或血小板 > 400 × 109/L患者评分为1,双中性粒细胞均>7.5 × 109/L和血小板 > 400 × 109/L患者得分2 [17] 。在英国,结直肠癌是癌症死亡的第二大常见原因 [17] 。近几十年来,死亡率一直在下降,英国许多地区引入肠道筛查可能会进一步降低死亡率。尽管如此,约40%的患者最终会死于该病 [18] 。英国学者Watt等人选取了796名接受结直肠癌潜在治愈性手术的患者并加以分析。大多数年龄超过65岁(66%),男性(55%),接受择期手术(90%),开放手术(87%)和淋巴结阴性疾病(61%)。幸存者的中位随访时间为49 (10~180)个月,其中173例癌症死亡和135例非癌症死亡 [17] 。使用卡方检验比较不同NPS评分的临床病理变量。使用对数秩生存分析检查NPS与5年生存之间的关系。Kaplan-Meier分析用于检查患者特征,NPS,肿瘤部位以及癌症特异性和总生存期之间的关系。Cox比例风险多变量回归模型(按肿瘤部位分层)用于校正年龄和性别,并检查患者特征,NPS和生存之间的关系 [17] ,最终研究结果表明中性粒细胞和血小板在临床评分系统中的组合,即中性粒细胞–血小板评分(NPS),可用于预测接受结直肠癌潜在治愈性手术的患者的生存率,而与TNM分期无关 [17] 。该评分系统目前已在胃癌、原发性结直肠癌及多种常见癌症上证实有重要预后意义,而因为这些研究中的所有患者都是西方人口,与东方人口有着较大的种族差异,更有研究表面,种族本身可能受到各种疾病的SIR程度的影响 [2] 。Khera等人评估了参加达拉斯赫拉特研究的2749名30到65岁的白种人和非裔美国人的CRP水平,发现CRP的人群分布在种族上有明显差异,亚洲人的CRP浓度明显低于其他种族人群 [19] [20] [21] 。因而该评分系统更多适用于欧洲人口,对于亚洲人口却并不适用。2019年有日本学者将适用于欧洲人口的中性粒细胞血小板评分(NPS)数值改良,改为适合亚洲人口的mNPS。以下为mNPS的计算方法:中性粒细胞计数 ≤ 4170/μl和血小板计数 ≤ 26.6 × 104/μl的患者为0分;中性粒细胞计数 > 4170/μl或血小板计数 > 26.6 × 104/μl的患者得1分;中性粒细胞计数 > 4170/μl和血小板计数 > 26.6 × 104/μl的患者得2分 [3] 。2017时有土耳其学者将该评分应用于转移性胰腺癌以研究其对转移性胰腺癌的预后意义。土耳其学者与2002年至2014年期间对146名转移性胰腺癌患者随访并进行回顾性评估,采用了对数排名和Cox回归分析 [22] ,结果显示中性粒细胞血小板评分对转移性胰腺癌患者并没有预后意义,然而低NPS (NPS0)的患者比高NPS (NPS1和2)有3个月的OS和PFS但P值不明显 [22] ,土耳其学者认为3个月的生存差异可能具有临床意义尽管在统计学上不显著 [22] ,这可能与他们的回顾性研究设计中的患者数量过少有关 [22] 。土耳其学者们认为对于该评分的研究或许更需要进行前瞻性的临床试验。2019年日本学者们选取了621名在三重大学医院胃肠外科接受胃癌(GC)手术的患者用于研究术前mNPS对患者总生存期(OS)和无病生存期(DFS)的预后影响,并绘制出其Kaplan-Meier生存曲线。研究结果表明,在Cox单变量比例危害分析中,年龄较大(>67岁 [中位数])、晚期T分类(T3, T4)、静脉浸润、淋巴浸润、淋巴结转移、腹膜转移、远处转移和高mNPS (评分2)与OS的不良预后有关 [2] 。在多变量分析中,除了年龄较大、晚期T分类、淋巴结转移和远处转移外,高mNPS是GC患者OS的独立预后因素 [2] 。虽然DFS的多变量Cox回归分析没有发现高mNPS是GC患者DFS不佳的独立预测因素,但DFS的单变量分析显示,高mNPS与DFS不佳明显相关 [2] 。在多变量逻辑回归分析中,证明了较高的术前mNPS是导致GC患者术后手术部位感染(SSI)的独立风险因素 [2] 。Moyes等人也首次评估了455名接受结直肠癌治愈性切除术的患者术前联合CRP与白蛋白之间的相关性 [23] 。他们的研究发现,术前mGPS高与接受CRC治愈性切除术的患者术后感染的风险有很大关系。另一项研究也显示,中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞的高水平可以独立预测GC患者术后感染性并发症的发生 [5] 。据报道,SIR的升高也与恶性肿瘤中通过淋巴细胞减少和T淋巴细胞反应受损的细胞介导的免疫有关 [24] [25] 。与之前的研究结果一致,术前高的mNPS可以预测GC患者术后SSI的风险增加。

3. 不足与展望

第一,中性粒细胞血小板评分(NPS)已经在欧美地区多种癌症上证实有临床价值,但改良的中性粒细胞血小板评分(mNPS)目前仅证实在日本地区胃癌上有临床价值。第二,该研究是回顾性研究,需要大量的患者群提供数据,且需要更多前瞻性、多中心性的研究进一步证实其临床价值。第三,由于日本学者选用的患者都是来自于日本的同一个机构,因此该评分是否适用于我国人口并不得知。

文章引用

焦捷睿,王海久,王志鑫,高 颖. 中性粒细胞血小板评分对恶性肿瘤患者预后意义的研究进展
Research Progress on the Prognostic Significance of Neutrophil Platelet Score in Patients with Malignant Tumors[J]. 临床医学进展, 2023, 13(12): 18775-18779. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2023.13122641

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