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Journal of Organic Chemistry Research
Vol.05 No.02(2017), Article ID:20857,6 pages
10.12677/JOCR.2017.52012

Study on the Secondary Metabolites of Aspergillus ochraceus

Qiongyu Zou1, Haifeng Wu2, Jun Huang1, Li Zhang1, Dizhao Cheng1*, Xin Li1, Guifei He1, Fenfang Liang1

1Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Study and Utilization of Ethnic Medicinal Plant Resources, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua Hunan

2Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing

*通讯作者。

Received: May 11th, 2017; accepted: Jun. 2nd, 2017; published: Jun. 5th, 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective: To study the secondary metabolites from Aspergillus ochraceus. Methods: The constituents were isolated and purified by column chromatography and preparative TLC. Their structures were identified on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic methods including ESI-MS and spectral data (1H, 13C-NMR). Results: Nine compounds were isolated and identified as ochratoxin A (1), ochratoxin B (2), neohydroxyaspergillic acid (3), (3R)-5-hydroxymellein (4), 5,6-dihydro- penicillic acid (5), mesaconic acid (6), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (7), circumdatin G (8), (22E,24R)- ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol (9). Conclusion: The compounds 3~9 were isolated from Aspergillus ochraceus for the first time.

Keywords:Aspergillus ochraceus, Ochratoxin, Isolation and Identification

赭曲霉次生代谢产物研究

邹琼宇1，吴海峰2，黄俊1，张莉1，陈迪钊1*，李欣1，贺贵妃1，梁芬芳1

1湖南省怀化学院，民族药用植物资源研究与利用湖南省重点实验室，化学与化学工程系，湖南 怀化

2中国医学科学院北京协和医学院，药用植物研究所，中草药物质基础与资源利用教育部重点实验室，北京

收稿日期：2017年5月11日；录用日期：2017年6月2日；发布日期：2017年6月5日

摘 要

目的：研究赭曲霉次生代谢产物。方法：利用多种色谱层析方法分离出次生代谢产物，通过ESI-MS/MS及NMR等波谱方法鉴定结构。结果：共分离鉴定出9种化合物，依次是赭曲霉毒素A(1)、赭曲霉毒素B(2)、neohydroxyaspergillic acid(3)、(3R)-5-hydroxymellein(4)、5,6-dihydropenicillic acid(5)、mesaconic acid(6)、p-hydroxybenzoic acid(7)、circumdatin G(8)、(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β- triol(9)。结论：化合物3~9为首次从赭曲霉中分离得到的化合物。

关键词 :赭曲霉，赭曲霉毒素，分离鉴定

Copyright © 2017 by authors and Hans Publishers Inc.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

1. 引言

赭曲霉毒素具有肾毒、致癌、致畸、免疫抑制等毒性，主要由赭曲霉和青霉菌产生，包括赭曲霉毒素A、B、C、D等，其中赭曲霉毒素A的毒性最强 [1] [2] [3] [4] 。我们筛选了赭曲霉高产菌株Aspergillus ochraceus 53216，通过大米发酵培养获得培养物，应用各种硅胶柱层析、反相中压色谱和半制备高效液相色谱分离得到15个化合物，采用现代波谱方法鉴定了其中的9个化合物，包括赭曲霉毒素A(1)、赭曲霉毒素B(2)、neohydroxyaspergillic acid(3)、(3R)-5-hydroxymellein(4)、5,6-dihydropenicillic acid(5)、mesaconic acid(6)、p-hydroxybenzoic acid(7)、circumdatin G(8)、(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol(9)。结构式见图1。

2. 结果与讨论

化合物结构鉴定

赭曲霉毒素A(Ochratoxin A, OTA)(1)ESI-MS: m/z 426 [M + Na]+, 分子式为C20H18ClNO6; 1H NMR (CDCl3, 600MHz) δ: 8.38 (1H, s, H-6), 7.22-7.31 (5H, m, H-16~20), 4.88 (1H, m, H-13), 4.76 (1H, m, H-3), 3.30-3.34 (1H, m, H-14a), 3.30 (1H, m, H-4a), 3.16-3.20 (1H, m, H-14b), 2.82 (1H, m, H-4b), 1.58 (3H, d, J = 6.0 Hz, H-21); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 150MHz) δ: 174.4 (C-22), 169.8 (C-1), 162.7 (C-11), 159.0 (C-8), 140.8 (C-5), 138.8 (C-6), 136.8 (C-15), 129.5 (C-16,20), 128.5 (C-17,19), 127.0 (C-18), 123.2 (C-10), 120.8 (C-7), 110.2 (C-9), 76.0 (C-3), 55.1 (C-14), 37.8 (C-14), 32.4 (C-4), 20.7 (C-21)。以上数据与文献 [5] 报道的一致，故确定该化合物为赭曲霉毒素A。

赭曲霉毒素B(Ochratoxin B, OTB)(2)ESI-MS: m/z 370 [M + H]+, 392 [M + Na]+, 761 [2M + Na]+, 分子式为C20H19NO6; 1H NMR (CDCl3，600 MHz) δ: 8.32 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz, H-7), 7.21~7.29 (5H, m, H-17~21), 6.83 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, H-6), 4.99 (1H, m, H-3), 4.76 (1H, td, J = 6.0, 4.2 Hz, H-14), 3.32 (1H, dd, J = 14.4, 5.4 Hz, H-15b), 3.19 (1H, J = 13.8, 6.6 Hz, H-15a), 2.99 (1H, m, H-4b), 2.97 (1H, m, H-4a), 1.55 (3H, d, J = 6.0 Hz, H-11); 13C NMR (CDCl3，150MHz) δ: 173.4 (C-22), 170.3 (C-1), 164.2 (C-12), 160.4 (C-9), 143.9 (C-5),

Figure 1. Compounds isolated from ferment of Aspergillus ochraceus 53216

图1. 从Aspergillus ochraceus 53216发酵培养物中分离得到的化合物

138.9 (C-16), 136.4 (C-7), 129.5 (C-17,21), 128.6 (C-18,20), 127.1 (C-19), 119.2 (C-6), 118.7 (C-8), 108.8 (C-10), 76.4 (C-3), 54.3 (C-14), 37.7 (C-15), 34.7 (C-4), 20.7 (C-11)。以上数据与文献 [6] 报道的一致，故确定该化合物为赭曲霉毒素B。

neohydroxyaspergillic acid(3)ESI-MS: m/z 241 [M + H]+，263 [M +Na]+，239 [M – H]–，479 [2M – H]– , 分子式C12H20N2O3; 1H NMR (CDCl3, 600MHz) δ: 7.56 (1H, s, H-5), 4.61 (1H, d, J = 6.6 Hz, H-1′′), 2.74 (2H, d, J = 7.2 Hz, H-1′), 2.28 (1H, m, H-2′′), 2.22 (1H, m, H-2′), 1.04 (3H, d, J = 7.2 Hz, H-3′′), 0.95 (9H, d, J = 6.6 Hz, H-3′, 4′, 4′′); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 150MHz) δ: 152.9 (C-2), 151.5 (C-3), 136.7 (C-6), 124.4 (C-5) , 73.8 (C-1′′), 42.0 (C-1′), 32.4 (C-2′′), 27.3 (C-2′), 22.7 (C-3′,4′), 19.6 (C-3′′), 17.5 (C-4′′). 以上数据与文献 [7] [8] 报道的一致，故确定该化合物为neohydroxyaspergillic acid。

(3R)-5-hydroxymellein(4)ESI-MS: m/z 195 [M + H]+, 分子式C10H10O4；1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 600MHz) δ: 10.39 (1H, s, 5-OH), 9.33 (1H, s, 8-OH), 7.06 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz, H-7), 6.72 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, H-6), 4.73 (1H, m, H-3), 3.07 (1H, dd, J = 16.8, 3.6 Hz, H-4a), 2.60 (1H, dd, J = 16.8, 11.4 Hz, H-4b), 1.42 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3-CH3); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 150MHz) δ: 169.5 (C-4), 153.9 (C-5), 145.5 (C-8), 124.5 (C-9), 123.9 (C-6), 115.1 (C-7), 108.0 (C-10), 75.9 (C-2), 28.0 (C-1), 20.4 (2-CH3). 以上数据与文献 [9] [10] 报道的一致，故确定该化合物为3R-5-Hydroxymellein。

5,6-dihydropenicillic acid(5)ESI-MS: m/z 195 [M + Na]+, 155 [M + H–H2O]+, 分子式C8H12O4; 1H NMR (CD3OD, 600MHz) δ: 5.02 (1H, s, H-2), 4.83 (3H, 3-OCH3), 2.12 (1H, m, H-5), 1.02, 0.91 (6H, d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2×CH3); 13C NMR (CD3OD, 150MHz) δ: 182.4 (C-3), 173.7 (C-1), 107.5 (C-4), 90.3 (C-2), 60.6 (3-OCH3), 49.6 (C-5), 34.9 (C-6,7). 以上数据与文献 [11] [12] 报道的一致，故确定该化合物为5,6-dihydropenicillic acid。

Mesaconic acid(6)1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 600MHz) δ: 10.98 (-OH), 10.56 (OH), 7.24 (1H, s), 1.72 (3H, s, CH3); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 150MHz) δ: 164.9, 151.4, 137.6, 107.6, 11.7. 以上数据与文献 [13] 报道的Mesaconic acid一致，故确定该化合物为Mesaconic acid。

对羟基苯甲酸(p-hydroxybenzoic acid)(7) 1H NMR (CD3OD, 600MHz) δ: 7.88 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, H-2, 6), 6.82 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, H-3, 5); 13C NMR (CD3OD, 150MHz) δ: 170.4 (C-7), 163.5 (C-4), 133.2 (C-2, 6), 123.0 (C-1), 116.2 (C-3, 5). 以上数据与文献 [14] 报道的对羟基苯甲酸一致，故确定该化合物为对羟基苯甲酸。

circumdatin G(8)ESI-MS: m/z 308 [M + H]+, 330 [M + Na]+, 346 [M + K]+, 637 [2M + Na]+, 653 [2M + K]+, 306 [M – H]–, 613 [2M – H]–, 分子式C17H13N3O3; 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 600MHz) δ: 8.75 (1H, d, J = 6.0 Hz, NH), 7.77 (1H, dd, J = 7.8, 1.2 Hz, H-4), 7.63 (1H, m, H-5), 7.56 (3H, m, H-6, 7, 12), 7.39 (1H, dd, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz, H-13), 7.29 (1H, dd, J = 7.8, 1.2 Hz, H-14), 4.27 (1H, m, H-19), 1.57 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz, H-20); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 150MHz) δ: 166.7 (C-2), 131.3 (C-3), 128.9 (C-4), 130.6 (C-5), 128.7 (C-6), 128.7 (C-7), 133.2 (C-8), 161.1 (C-10), 121.9 (C-11), 116.6 (C-12), 128.0 (C-13), 119.4 (C-14), 152.9 (C-15), 134.8 (C-16), 154.8 (C-18), 49.7 (C-19), 14.9 (C-20). 以上数据与文献 [15] 报道的一致，故确定该化合物为circumdatin G.

(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol(9) ESI-MS: m/z 453 [M + Na]+, 分子式C28H46O3；1H NMR (Pyridine-d5, 600 MHz) δ: 5.73 (1H, m, H-7), 5.24 (1H, dd, J = 15.0, 7.8 Hz, H-22), 5.18 (1H, dd, J = 15.0, 8.4 Hz, H-23), 4.82 (1H, m, H-3), 4.31 (1H, br s, H-6), 1.53 (3H, s, H-19), 1.05 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz, H-27), 0.94 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz, H-28), 0.86 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz, H-26), 0.86 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz, H-21), 0.65 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz, H-18); 13C NMR (Pyridine-d5, 150MHz) δ: 33.0 (C-1), 34.2 (C-2), 68.0 (C-3), 42.4 (C-4), 76.5 (C-5), 74.6 (C-6), 120.9 (C-7), 141.9 (C-8), 44.1 (C-9), 38.4 (C-10), 22.8 (C-11), 40.3 (C-12), 44.1 (C-13), 55.6 (C-14), 23.8 (C-15), 28.8 (C-16), 56.5 (C-17), 12.9 (C-18), 19.2 (C-19), 41.2 (C-20), 20.2 (C-21), 136.6 (C-22), 132.5 (C-23), 43.4 (C-24), 33.7 (C-25), 20.5 (C-26), 21.8 (C-27), 18.2 (C-28). 以上数据与文献 [16] 报道的一致，故确定该化合物为(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol.

3. 实验部分

3.1. 仪器与试剂

Perkin-Elmer 341 旋光仪；Shimadzu UV-160A 紫外光谱仪(Shimadzu Corporation, Japan); Shimadzu FTIR-8400S红外光谱仪；LTQ Orbitrap XL质谱仪 (Thermo Scientific, America); Bruker AV-600核磁共振仪(600 MHz for 1H and 150 MHz for 13C) (Bruker Biospin Inc., Germany), tetramethylsilane (TMS)为内标。硅胶 (100-200, 200-300目, Qingdao Marine Chemistry Ltd., China)； 凝胶Sephadex LH-20 (20-100 µ, Pharmacia)；薄层硅胶 GF254 plates (Yantai Marine Chemical Co., Ltd., China)；制备 HPLC (LUMTECH instrument with a UV detector at 210 nm and using a YMC-Pack C18 column) (250 mm × 20 mm inside diameter (I.D.), 5 μm, YMC, Japan)；试剂均为分析纯(北京化工厂)。

3.2. 菌种培养

赭曲霉菌株(Aspergillus ochraceus 53216)由中科院微生物所提供。采用发酵培养，大米培养基(糙米:水 1:1)，25℃培养1个月。

3.3. 提取分离

对赭曲霉的大米培养物(8 kg)进行粉碎，用80%的乙醇溶液加热回流提取4次，每次提取时间为2小时，合并提取液减压浓缩至无醇味时，有不溶物析出、过滤，滤液转入分液漏斗中，采用等体积乙酸乙酯(含少量甲醇)进行萃取，萃取四次后，合并萃取液，回收溶剂得到乙酸乙酯萃取物(50 g)。对不溶物(40 g)进行硅胶柱层析，石油醚/乙酸乙酯系统(100:0-0:100)洗脱，薄层检测含有毒素的流份合并入乙酸乙酯相，

Figure 2. Experimental flow chart

图2. 实验流程图

氯仿/甲醇(100:0-0:100)系统洗脱，合并相同流份，得到AOY A~E5个部分。AOYB采用硅胶柱层析，石油醚/丙酮(10:1-0:1)系统洗脱，洗脱前段下来的是一些脂肪状的物质，后面洗脱的流份经薄层检查合并为 a~e 5个部分。AOYB b经过反相中压ODS柱层析，甲醇/水系统(30%~100%)洗脱，采用凝胶柱层析，甲醇洗脱得到化合物3 (5 mg)、4 (6 mg)、1和2的粗品。1和2的粗品经过甲醇重结晶得到化合物1 (4 mg)和2 (3 mg)。AOYB d经过反相中压和凝胶柱层析得到化合物5 (7 mg)、6 (10 mg)和7 (9 mg)。AOYC经过反相中压、半制备高效液相得到化合物8 (4 mg)和9 (5 mg)。流程图见图2。

基金项目

资助信息：湖南省高校产业化培育项目(项目编号：11CY013)；民族药用植物资源研究与利用湖南省重点实验室开放基金项目(项目编号：YYZW2016-11)。

文章引用

邹琼宇,吴海峰,黄 俊,张 莉,陈迪钊,李 欣,贺贵妃,梁芬芳. 赭曲霉次生代谢产物研究
Study on the Secondary Metabolites of Aspergillus ochraceus[J]. 有机化学研究, 2017, 05(02): 94-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/JOCR.2017.52012

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