Advances in Clinical Medicine
Vol. 13  No. 12 ( 2023 ), Article ID: 76820 , 5 pages
10.12677/ACM.2023.13122659

不同剂量阿芬太尼复合瑞马唑仑在超声胃镜 患者检查中的应用

曹乐1,2,赵涛1,2*,王玉娟1,翟艳艳1,李刚1

1山东省日照市人民医院麻醉科,山东 日照

2潍坊医学院,麻醉学院,山东 潍坊

收稿日期:2023年11月7日;录用日期:2023年12月1日;发布日期:2023年12月11日

摘要

目的:探讨不同剂量阿芬太尼复合瑞马唑仑对超声胃镜患者血流动力学、术后不良反应及满意度的影响。方法:选择2023年3月至2023年9月日照市人民医院收治的无痛超声胃镜患者100例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为3组,A1组、A2组、A3组。A1组患者阿芬太尼静脉注射3 μg/kg,A2组患者阿芬太尼静脉注射5 μg/kg,A3组患者阿芬太尼静脉注射7 μg/kg。收集患者一般资料,包括性别、年龄、身高、体重、ASA分级、胃镜检查时长。记录患者麻醉诱导前(T1)、进胃镜后(T2)平均血压(MAP)、心率(HR)变化,记录患者麻醉开始至操作开始时间。记录患者术后不良反应及满意度。结果:三组患者一般情况,包括性别、年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、ASA分级、胃镜检查时长差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。三组患者在T1时MAP、HR差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。与A1组患者麻醉至操作开始时间比较,A2组、A3组患者麻醉至操作开始时间均降低(P < 0.05)。在T2时间点,与A1组患者MAP、HR比较,A2组、A3组患者MAP、HR均降低(P < 0.05);与A2组患者MAP、HR比较,A3组患者MAP、HR均降低(P < 0.05)。三组患者术后不良反应(恶心呕吐、瘙痒)差异无统计学意义(P < 0.05)。三组患者术后满意度差异无统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论:7 μg/kg阿芬太尼复合瑞马唑仑对超声胃镜患者血流动力学影响较小,安全性更高。

关键词

阿芬太尼,瑞马唑仑,超声胃镜,血流动力学

Application of Different Doses of Alfentanil Combined with Remazolam in Patients Undergoing Ultrasonic Gastroscopy

Le Cao1,2, Tao Zhao1,2*, Yujuan Wang1, Yanyan Zhai1, Gang Li1

1Department of Anesthesiology, The People’s Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao Shandong

2School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang Shandong

Received: Nov. 7th, 2023; accepted: Dec. 1st, 2023; published: Dec. 11th, 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the effects of different doses of alfentanil combined with remazolam on hemodynamics, postoperative adverse reactions and satisfaction of patients undergoing ultrasonic gastroscopy. Methods: A total of 100 patients with painless ultrasonic gastroscopy admitted to Rizhao People’s Hospital from March 2023 to September 2023 were selected. The patients were divided into three groups, A1 group, A2 group and A3 group by random number table method. Patients in group A1 were intravenously injected with 3 μg/kg of alfentanil, patients in group A2 were intravenously injected with 5 μg/kg of alfentanil, and patients in group A3 were intravenously injected with 7 μg/kg of alfentanil. General data of patients were collected, including gender, age, height, weight, ASA classification, and duration of gastroscopy. The changes of mean blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) before anesthesia induction (T1) and after gastroscopy (T2) were recorded, and the time from the beginning of anesthesia to the beginning of operation was recorded. The postoperative adverse reactions and satisfaction of patients were recorded. Results: There was no significant difference in the general conditions of the three groups of patients, including gender, age, body mass index (BMI), ASA classification, and duration of gastroscopy (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in MAP and HR among the three groups at T1 (P > 0.05). Compared with the time from anesthesia to the start of operation in group A1, the time from anesthesia to the start of operation in group A2 and group A3 decreased (P < 0.05). At T2 time point, MAP and HR in group A2 and group A3 were lower than those in group A1 (P < 0.05). Compared with MAP and HR in group A2, MAP and HR in group A3 decreased (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative adverse reactions (nausea and vomiting, itching) among the three groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative satisfaction among the three groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: 7 μg/kg alfentanil combined with remazolam has little effect on hemodynamics in patients with ultrasonic gastroscopy and is much safer.

Keywords:Alfentanil, Remifentanil, Ultrasound Gastroscopy, Hemodynamics

Copyright © 2023 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

1. 引言

在无痛超声胃镜检查过程中,使用麻醉性镇静镇痛药物时,由于患者个体化差异,为了满足手术的镇痛需要和降低患者发生呼吸循环抑制的需要,给予镇痛药的剂量不同,联用镇静药物,保证患者麻醉舒适的同时减少每一种药物的不良反应,增加药物之间的协同作用 [1] 。具体药物剂量的应用还需要进一步进行探讨,本文主要是在超声胃镜患者中应用阿芬太尼和瑞马唑仑,探讨其对患者的血流动力学、术后不良反应及满意度的影响。

2. 资料与方法

2.1. 一般资料

选择2023年3月至2023年9月日照市人民医院收治的无痛超声胃镜患者100例。男女不限,ASA1分级I~II级,年龄50~65岁。采用随机数字表法将患者分为3组:阿芬太尼静脉注射3 μg/kg组(A1组),阿芬太尼静脉注射5 μg/kg组(A2组),阿芬太尼静脉注射7 μg/kg组(A3组)。入组标准:ASA分级I~II级,年龄50~65岁;18.5 kg/m2 < BMI < 24 kg/m2。排除标准:严重的心肺功能障碍;肝肾功能不全;合并自身免疫疾病、结缔组织病等;对阿片类药物成瘾及耐药性者。

2.2. 麻醉方案

所有患者术前禁饮食8 h。内镜操作由本院同一高年资医师进行超声胃镜检查,由本课题组2位高年资麻醉医师实施麻醉,另外一名年轻麻醉医师收集相关临床数据。入室后安静仰卧5 min,开放外周静脉,常规监测心率(HR),血氧饱和度(SpO2),心电图(ECG),脑电双频谱指数(BIS)。三组患者均静脉推注瑞马唑仑0.4 mg/kg,根据分组情况,A1组患者给予阿芬太尼3 μg/kg静脉注射,A2组患者给予阿芬太尼5 μg/kg静脉注射,A3组患者给予阿芬太尼7 μg/kg静脉注射。Ramsay评分达到5分后开始进行胃镜操作。维持用药:三组患者均给予瑞马唑仑1 mg/kg/h持续泵注至超声胃镜检查结束。

2.3. 观察指标

收集患者一般资料,包括性别、年龄、身高、体重、ASA分级、胃镜检查时长。记录患者麻醉诱导前(T1)、进胃镜后(T2)平均血压(MAP)、心率(HR)变化,记录患者麻醉开始至操作开始时间。记录患者术后不良反应(恶心呕吐、瘙痒)及满意度。

2.4. 统计学分析

采用采用SPSS 26.0统计学软件进行数据处理及统计学分析,计量资料以均数 ± 标准差表示,组间比较采用单因素方差分析;计数资料以率或百分比表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

3. 结果

3.1. 三组患者一般情况比较

三组患者一般情况比较,性别、年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、ASA分级、胃镜检查时长差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。见表1

Table 1. Comparisons of general conditions of patients in three groups

表1. 三组患者一般情况比较

3.2. 三组患者血压、心率比较

三组患者在T1时MAP、HR差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。在T2时间点,与A1组患者MAP、HR比较,A2组、A3组患者MAP、HR均降低(P < 0.05);与A2组患者MAP、HR比较,A3组患者MAP、HR均降低(P < 0.05)。见表2

Table 2. Comparisons of blood pressure and heart rate of patients in the three groups

表2. 三组患者血压、心率比较

3.3. 三组患者麻醉开始至胃镜开始时间、术后不良反应、满意度比较

与A1组患者麻醉至操作开始时间比较,A2组、A3组患者麻醉至操作开始时间均降低(P < 0.05)。三组患者术后不良反应(恶心呕吐、瘙痒)差异无统计学意义(P < 0.05)。三组患者术后满意度差异无统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表3

Table 3. Comparisons of the time from the beginning of anesthesia to the beginning of gastroscopy, postoperative adverse reactions and satisfaction of patients in the three groups

表3. 三组患者麻醉开始至胃镜开始时间、术后不良反应、满意度比较

4. 讨论

无痛化超声胃镜检査越来越多,但由于超声胃镜探头较普通胃镜更粗、更僵硬,更易阻塞上气道,因此呼吸抑制发生率更高 [2] 。选择合适的麻醉药物用于无痛超声胃镜非常关键。

瑞马唑仑是一种新型的超短效苯二氮䓬类药物,主要作用于γ-氨基丁酸A(GABAA)受体,起到镇静、遗忘等作用 [3] 。瑞马唑仑起效快,代谢不经过肝脏,主要通过非特异性血浆酯酶迅速代谢,无体内蓄积,且代谢产物基本无药理活性,因此在安全性和有效性上具有优势 [4] [5] 。其麻醉作用能够被特异性诘抗剂氟马西尼迅速逆转,在起效和代谢上均具有优势。因此,在长时间超声胃镜检查中应用更具有优势。本研究中,瑞马唑仑对循环呼吸的影响较小,无注射痛。

阿芬太尼是μ受体激动剂,是速效阿片类镇痛药物。阿芬太尼单次静脉注射,30 s起效,1.4 min达高峰,其后血药浓度迅速下降 [6] 。阿芬太尼持续输注半衰期稳定,大约50 min后阿芬太尼时量相关半衰期将达到平台,稳定在47.3 min,因为它具有相对固定的时量相关半衰期,因此可用于靶控输注 [7] 。阿芬太尼呼吸抑制发生率低,阿芬太尼效应室浓度68 ng/ml时,可以获得最佳的镇痛效果,且无呼吸抑制 [8] 。因此,阿芬太尼在无痛超声胃镜中应用具有优势。本研究中,三组不同剂量的阿芬太尼复合瑞马唑仑均无呼吸抑制发生,可能是由于患者选择或者样本量较少,因此均无呼吸抑制的发生。在血流动力学方面,3 μg/kg和5 μg/kg阿芬太尼组的患者血压和心率变化大,7 μg/kg阿芬太尼复合瑞马唑仑对超声胃镜患者血流动力学影响较小,安全性更高。三组患者术后恶心呕吐、瘙痒的发生率无统计学意义,因此三种剂量的阿芬太尼在术后并发症和满意度方面均可行。

综上所述,7 μg/kg阿芬太尼复合瑞马唑仑对超声胃镜患者血流动力学影响较小,安全性更高。

基金项目

山东省医学会镇痛镇静–麻醉优化专科研专项资金(YXH2021ZX031),泰山学者青年专家(tsqn202211380),日照市重点研发计划项目(2021ZDYF020207)。

文章引用

曹 乐,赵 涛,王玉娟,翟艳艳,李 刚. 不同剂量阿芬太尼复合瑞马唑仑在超声胃镜患者检查中的应用
Application of Different Doses of Alfentanil Combined with Remazolam in Patients Undergoing Ultrasonic Gastroscopy[J]. 临床医学进展, 2023, 13(12): 18903-18907. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2023.13122659

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  9. NOTES

    *通讯作者。

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