Advances in Clinical Medicine
Vol. 13  No. 01 ( 2023 ), Article ID: 60408 , 7 pages
10.12677/ACM.2023.131064

达格列净对超重2型糖尿病患者内脏脂肪指数的影响

毕佳天1,2,姜芳洁2,周瑾2,唐与晓2,于岁2,周少玲2*

1青岛大学,山东 青岛

2青岛大学附属烟台毓璜顶医院,山东 烟台

收稿日期:2022年12月17日;录用日期:2023年1月9日;发布日期:2023年1月17日

摘要

目的:探讨达格列净对超重2型糖尿病患者内脏脂肪指数的影响。方法:随机选取入院前血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者共184例,根据随机数字法将患者分为对照组和达格列净组,各92例,两组患者均进行糖尿病教育,对照组调整胰岛素或口服降糖药或其他非SGLT-2i,观察组在原有胰岛素或口服降糖药物的基础上加用达格列净,1次/d,10 mg/次,随访52~64周,记录患者性别、年龄及治疗前后体重、BMI、腰围、臀围、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、TC、TG、LDL-C、尿酸、肌酐、VAI水平变化,其中观察组中3例患者因不良反应停药,最终181例患者完成研究。结果:两组患者治疗前年龄、性别、体重、BMI、腰围、臀围、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、尿酸、肌酐、VAI水平无差别(p > 0.05),治疗52~64周后,两组患者体重、BMI、腰围均较前下降,差异有统计学意义(p < 0.05),TC、LDL-C较前无显著变化(p > 0.05)。达格列净可显著降低患者臀围、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、TG (p < 0.05),增加HDL-C水平(p < 0.05),两组患者治疗后VAI水平均下降,达格列净组下降水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(p < 0.05),两组患者治疗后,尿酸、肌酐变化差异无统计学意义。结论:达格列净可改善患者脂代谢,改善患者内脏脂肪功能。

关键词

钠–葡萄糖共转运蛋白-2抑制剂,2型糖尿病,脂代谢,内脏脂肪指数

Effect of Dapagliflozin on Visceral Fat Index in Overweight Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Jiatian Bi1,2, Fangjie Jiang2, Jin Zhou2, Yuxiao Tang2, Sui Yu2, Shaoling Zhou2*

1Qingdao University, Qingdao Shandong

2Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai Shandong

Received: Dec. 17th, 2022; accepted: Jan. 9th, 2023; published: Jan. 17th, 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the effect of dapagliflozin on visceral fat index in overweight type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: 184 patients with type 2 diabetes who had poor blood glucose control before admission were randomly selected. According to the random number method, the patients were divided into the control group and the dapagliflozin group, with 92 patients in each group. Both groups received diabetes education. The control group adjusted insulin or took oral hypoglycemic drugs or other non SGLT-2i. The observation group added dapagliflozin based on the original insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs, 10 mg/d, followed up for 52~64 weeks, and the patient’s gender, age and changes in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, TC, TG, LDL-C, uric acid, creatinine and VAI levels before and after treatment were recorded. Three patients in the observation group stopped taking the drug due to adverse reactions, and 181 patients finally completed the study. Results: There was no difference in age, sex, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, uric acid, creatinine and VAI levels between the two groups before treatment (p > 0.05). After 52~64 weeks of treatment, the weight, BMI and waist circumference of the two groups decreased compared with that before treatment (p < 0.05), and TC and LDL-C had no significant changes compared with that before treatment (p > 0.05). Dapagliflozin can significantly reduce the hip circumference, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, TG (p < 0.05), and increase the HDL-C level (p < 0.05). After treatment, the VAI level of the two groups of patients decreased. The decline level of dapagliflozin group was higher than that of the control group, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). After treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the changes of uric acid and creatinine between the two groups of patients. Conclusion: Dapagliflozin can improve lipid metabolism and visceral fat function in patients.

Keywords:Sodium-Dependent Glucose Transporters 2 Inhibitor, Type 2 Diabetes, Lipid Metabolism, Visceral Fat Index

Copyright © 2023 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

1. 引言

近30年来,我国糖尿病患病率显著增加,至2017年,我国18岁及以上人群糖尿病患病率已达11.2%,其中90%为2型糖尿病 [1]。2型糖尿病是导致动脉粥样硬化及心血管疾病的重要原因。内脏脂肪与胰岛素抵抗密切相关,是2型糖尿病独立危险因素 [2]。2010年意大利研究者提出的内脏脂肪指数是基于患者腰围、BMI、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇推断出的线性方程,具有性别特异性,全面考虑了患者的代谢因素,是反应机体内脏脂肪功能的指标,同时具有经济、简便特点 [3]。达格列净是一种有效的选择性钠–葡萄糖转运蛋白抑制剂,可用于治疗2型糖尿病,同时具有肾脏及心血管获益性 [4] [5]。研究表明,达格列净可降低2型糖尿病患者体重及内脏脂肪水平,包括减少心外膜脂肪 [6]、肝脏脂肪面积 [7],此外还可以调节血脂代谢 [6],Murat等人研究表明,达格列净可降低总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白水平,从而改善胰岛素抵抗 [8],与Merovci等报道相一致 [9]。本研究旨在探究达格列净对超重2型糖尿病患者脂代谢及内脏脂肪指数的影响。

2. 资料与方法

2.1. 研究对象

随机选取2020年9月至2021年6月于青岛大学附属烟台毓璜顶医院内分泌科住院治疗的2型糖尿病患者184例,随机分为达格列净组和对照组,各92例,其中达格列净组有3例患者因不良反应停药,共181例患者完成研究。其中男性122例,女性59例,平均年龄(61.62 ± 7.86)岁,平均体重(79.86 ± 10.61) kg,平均BMI (27.62 ± 2.62) kg/m2。所有患者均签署知情同意书,研究方案均获得青岛大学附属烟台毓璜顶医院伦理委员会审查批准。

2.2. 纳入与排除标准

入组标准:符合《中国2型糖尿病防治指南》,体质量指数 ≥ 24.0 kg/m2,入院前血糖控制不佳,糖化血红蛋白 ≥ 6.0%,肾小球滤过率 > 60 mL/(min.1.73m2);排除标准:1) 1型糖尿病或其他类型糖尿病,2) 合并急慢性感染、糖尿病酮症酸中毒、糖尿病乳酸酸中毒、糖尿病高渗状态,3) 胰腺或肝肾功能异常者,4) 妊娠或哺乳期妇女,5) 对SGLT-2i不耐受。

2.3. 方法

2.3.1. 两组用药情况

两组患者均进行糖尿病教育,对照组应用胰岛素或口服降糖药或其他非SGLT-2i抑制剂,达格列净组在原有口服降糖药和(或)胰岛素治疗基础上加用达格列净10 mg 1次/天,连续口服52周~64周后进行观察。

2.3.2. 观察指标

记录两组患者性别、年龄、身高、体重、腰围、臀围,计算BMI,禁食8 h以上,于次日清晨抽取静脉血,检测空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C,治疗52~64周后再次记录上述指标,比较两组治疗前后体重、BMI、血糖、血脂变化。

2.3.3. VAI计算

VAI = WC/(39.68 + 1.88 × BMI) × (TG/1.03) × (1.31/HDL-C);VAI = WC/(36.58 + 1.89 × BMI) × (TG/0.81) × (1.52/HDL-C)。

2.3.4. 统计学处理

应用SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行统计学分析,计量资料符合正态分布采用 x ¯ ± s表示,两组间均数比较采用独立样本t检验,组内均数比较采用配对样本t检验,非正态分布采用四分位数间距表示,两组间均数比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,组内均数比较采用F«Wilcoxon符号秩和检验,以p < 0.05有统计学意义。

3. 结果

3.1. 两组患者性别、年龄比较

对照组患者中男性60例,女性32例,平均年龄(62.02 ± 7.90)岁,达格列净治疗组中男性62例,女性27例,平均年龄(61.18 ± 7.85)岁,两组患者性别、年龄比较,差异无统计学意义(p > 0.05)。

3.2. 两组患者治疗前及治疗后体重、BMI、腰围、臀围比较

两组患者治疗前体重、BMI、腰围、臀围水平差异无统计学意义(p > 0.05)。经过52-64周治疗后,两组患者体重、BMI、腰围水平均较前下降(p < 0.05),对照组臀围较前无显著改变(p > 0.05),达格列净组臀围水平较前下降,差异有统计学意义(p < 0.05)。

3.3. 两组患者治疗前后血糖、血脂变化

两组患者治疗前空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C比较,差异无统计学意义(p > 0.05)。对照组治疗前后各项指标无显著变化(p < 0.05)。达格列净显著降低患者空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、TG (p < 0.05),增加患者HDL-C水平(p < 0.05),对TC、LDL-C水平无明显影响(p > 0.05)。

3.4. 两组患者治疗前后VAI水平变化

两组患者治疗前VAI水平差异无统计学意义(p > 0.05),治疗后两组患者VAI水平均较前明显下降(p < 0.05),达格列净治疗组下降更显著(p < 0.05)。

3.5. 两组患者治疗前后血肌酐、尿酸比较

治疗52~64周后,两组患者血肌酐、尿酸差异无统计学意义(p > 0.05)。

3.6. 不良反应

观察组随访期间未出现不良反应事件,达格列净治疗组治疗期间有1例出现外阴瘙痒,2例出现泌尿系感染,共占3.3%。(表1表2)

Table 1. Comparison of basic data of two groups of patients

表1. 两组患者基本情况比较

注:BMI为体质指数,TC为胆固醇,TG为甘油三酯,HDL-C为高密度脂蛋白,LDL-C为低密度脂蛋白,HbA1c为糖化血红蛋白。

Table 2. Comparison of index before and after treatment between the two groups

表2. 两组患者治疗前后各指标比较

注:BMI为体质指数,TC为胆固醇,TG为甘油三酯,HDL-C为高密度脂蛋白,LDL-C为低密度脂蛋白,HbA1c为糖化血红蛋白。

4. 讨论

肥胖目前是全球共同关注的健康问题,在胰岛素抵抗及心血管疾病的发生中起重要作用。BMI是目前评估肥胖的简易指标,用来于监测人群中肥胖患病率的变化,然而由BMI定义的肥胖有显著的局限性。研究表明,BMI相同的人群代谢性疾病的发病率不同,主要与内脏脂肪差异相关。内脏脂肪沉积是导致血脂代谢紊乱、胰岛素抵抗、动脉粥样硬化的主要原因 [10] [11],是T2DM发病的独立危险因素 [12]。CT或MRI是评估患者内脏脂肪厚度的金标准,但由于其费用高,辐射量大、操作复杂,不适合广泛应用于临床。2010年Marco等人提出的内脏脂肪指数(VAI)被认为是评估患者内脏脂肪功能的可靠指标 [3] [13]。与代谢综合征、心血管疾病发生密切相关 [11]。

钠–葡萄糖共转运蛋白-2抑制剂是一种新型的口服降糖药,主要机制是通过抑制近端小管中的葡萄糖重吸收和增加尿葡萄糖排泄降低患者血糖,不依赖于胰岛素的分泌而发挥作用,从而降低低血糖风险。多项研究表明,SGLT-2i对2型糖尿病患者有较好疗效,主要在于控制体重、血压、血尿酸、内脏脂肪水平,减轻患者全身炎症反应。研究表明,当与标准治疗相结合时,SGLT-2i可降低2型糖尿病患者的心血管疾病发生率 [14] 以及进展为终末期肾病的风险 [15]。达格列净是目前广泛应用于临床的SGLT-2i,可有效降低血糖,延缓心血管疾病发生。印度一项临床对照研究显示,应用达格列净治疗3月后,患者HbA1c下降1%,随访6月后下降1.5%,本研究显示随访52~64周后,达格列净有效改善患者血糖水平,显著降低患者HbA1c。对照组治疗前后空腹血糖及HbA1c均有下降,但差异无统计学意义,表明达格列净降低血糖能力优于其他降糖药物,并且在控制血糖的基础上可长期维持患者血糖平稳,减少患者调整降糖药物的频次,与既往研究相一致 [16] [17]。

高血糖、高血脂的状态会加重体内炎症水平,造成胰岛β细胞损伤,促进胰岛素抵抗,高血脂环境也可增加肝脏负担,不利于糖脂代谢的调节。到目前为止,达格列净对于脂质代谢具有不同的研究结果,一些证据表明,达格列净会增加LDL-C,降低TG水平 [18],也有证据表明,达格列净对HDL-C水平无影响 [19],也有证据表明,达格列净可降低TG水平,并增加HDL-C水平 [6] [20]。本研究显示,达格列净可显著降低患者TG,增加患者HDL-C水平,对TC及LDL-C无明显影响,目前达格列净对于血脂代谢机制尚不明确,有研究表明,达格列净可通过促进脂质分解及脂肪酸β氧化,同时减少脂质过氧化损伤 [21] 来改善血脂代谢水平。

既往研究表明,达格列净可显著降低患者体重,减少内脏脂肪量 [22],VAI作为衡量内脏脂肪功能的指标,已有多项研究表明高水平VAI在代谢性疾病中的风险。Aysha Alkhalaqi等人的研究表明,VAI相较于BMI对2型糖尿病具有更强的预测能力 [23]。Zhiyuan Wu等人的前瞻性临床试验表明,VAI升高与糖尿病肾病的发病独立相关 [24],Kai Jiang等人研究表明,VAI可用作胰岛素抵抗的预测指标 [25]。本研究发现,应用达格列净治疗52~64周后,患者体重、BMI、腰围、臀围、VAI水平均较前明显下降,达格列净组VAI下降0.57,是对照组的2倍,对于腰围、体重和BMI的减少相较观察组差异不明显。表明与其他降糖药物相比,达格列净改善患者内脏脂肪功能的作用更明显,主要在于胰岛β细胞功能的恢复 [26] 以及胰岛素抵抗的减少 [25],本研究中有3例患者应用达格列净后出现不良反应,主要为泌尿系统不良反应,共占3.3%,考虑与尿糖排泄相关。患者治疗前后尿酸、肌酐水平变化差异无统计学意义,表明达格列净对肾功能无影响,应用达格列净治疗需密切监测患者不良反应发生。

5. 结果

本研究表明,达格列净可显著降低2型糖尿病患者血糖、HbA1c水平,降低患者体重、BMI、腰围、臀围、TG、VAI水平,增加HDL-C水平,降低患者心血管疾病风险,对患者尿酸、肌酐无影响。局限性:未通过CT或MR成像来准确评估患者内脏脂肪水平,本研究样本量少,需更大样本量的前瞻性研究来进一步证实达格列净对VAI的影响。

文章引用

毕佳天,姜芳洁,周 瑾,唐与晓,于 岁,周少玲. 达格列净对超重2型糖尿病患者内脏脂肪指数的影响
Effect of Dapagliflozin on Visceral Fat Index in Overweight Type 2 Diabetes Patients[J]. 临床医学进展, 2023, 13(01): 420-426. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2023.131064

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  27. NOTES

    *通讯作者Email: shaolingzhou@126.com

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