Advances in Clinical Medicine
Vol. 14  No. 01 ( 2024 ), Article ID: 79029 , 4 pages
10.12677/ACM.2024.141064

实性型甲状腺乳头状癌一例

吴淑婷,冉建民*

暨南大学附属广州红十字会医院内分泌科,广东 广州

收稿日期:2023年12月10日;录用日期:2024年1月5日;发布日期:2024年1月11日

摘要

甲状腺肿瘤病理分型复杂多样,不同病理类型之间存在重叠的细胞形态特征,术前诊断及鉴别难度较大,当合并桥本氏甲状腺炎时使诊断更加困难。本例青年男性,行超声检查发现桥本氏甲状腺炎、甲状腺结节,结节细针抽吸活检结果提示Bethesda III类,免疫组织化学染色CK19、TTF-1阳性,术后病理证实为实性型甲状腺乳头状癌,定期随访。

关键词

甲状腺乳头状癌,桥本氏甲状腺炎,临床病理

Solid Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Report

Shuting Wu, Jianmin Ran*

Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou Guangdong

Received: Dec. 10th, 2023; accepted: Jan. 5th, 2024; published: Jan. 11th, 2024

ABSTRACT

Thyroid cancer pathology is complex and has duplicated cellular structures. Preoperative identification is difficult. When combined with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, the diagnosis is even more complex. In this article, a man was found to have a thyroid nodule by ultrasonography, and the FNA suggested Bethesdaclass III. immunohistochemical staining was positive for CK19 and TTF-1. After surgery, the pathology was solid papillary thyroid carcinoma. The follow-up was stable.

Keywords:Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma, Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, Clinical Pathology

Copyright © 2024 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

1. 引言

近年来,甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma, PTC)发病率显著升高,其中实性型甲状腺乳头状癌(solid papillary thyroid carcinoma, solid PTC)约占成人PTC的3% [1] 。此病理类型相对少见,本文通过报道了一例实性型PTC患者,回顾其诊疗过程,强调其细胞及组织病理学特征以提高临床医师对该病理分型的认识。

2. 病历资料

患者男,43岁,2022年10月行甲状腺彩超检查首次发现甲状腺回声增粗,甲状腺左叶低回声结节,C-TIRADS分类4C,予随访观察。2023年7月1日复查甲状腺超声提示甲状腺左叶低回声结节较前增大,C-TIRADS分类同前。查体见甲状腺II度大,质地硬,左侧中部偏外侧可及结节,约1 × 1 cm,活动度可。甲功提示游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸4.31 pmol/L,游离甲状腺素16.3 pmol/L,超敏促甲状腺激素5.02 mIU/L,抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体368.00 kIU/L。诊断:桥本氏甲状腺炎、甲状腺结节。

为明确结节性质入我科行超声引导下细针抽吸活检(fine-needle aspiration, FNA)。细胞取材良好,镜下见甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞密集排列,细胞中等大小,胞浆丰富,部分嗜酸性,细胞核圆形,染色质颗粒状,可见核沟及疑似核内包涵体(如图1)。免疫组化:CK19 (弱+),TTF-1 (+),TPO (部分细胞+),CyclinD1 (+),Gal-3 (−),BRAF (−),考虑性质未定的细胞非典型性病变(Bethesda III类),需考虑甲状腺低风险肿瘤的可能。

(a) (b)注:(a):镜下见甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞密集排列,胞浆丰富,部分嗜酸性(HE染色,×200);(b):见毛玻璃样核、核沟及疑似核内包涵体(HE染色,×400)。

Figure 1. Fine needle aspiration biopsy sample

图1. 细针抽吸活检结果

患者于2023年07月23日入我院肝胆甲状腺外科,术中冰冻病理提示恶性肿瘤,清扫中央区淋巴结未发现转移。术后病理诊断:“左侧甲状腺 + 峡部”甲状腺乳头状癌(实性型),镜下肿物最大径约1.5 cm,周围甲状腺呈淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎(如图2);左侧气管前气管旁淋巴结及喉前淋巴结未见癌组织转移。术后第二天开始与补充优甲乐治疗,定期我院随访。

(a)(b)(c) (d)注:(a):肉眼上见灰红色甲状腺组织切面见一灰白质韧区,无坏死或出血;(b)、(c):肿瘤由薄纤维间质分隔的实巢组成,呈实性增生(HE染色,(b) ×100,(c) ×200);(d):肿瘤细胞具有典型的甲状腺乳头状癌细胞学特征,核沟、玻璃状核和假包涵体(HE染色,×400)。

Figure 2. Samples of solid PTC postoperative pathology

图2. 实性型PTC术后病理样本

3. 讨论

甲状腺乳头状癌“变体”在第五版WHO甲状腺肿瘤分类中重新被描述为“亚型”,实性型PTC分类在最新版本中得到延续 [2] 。实性型PTC在1985年由Carcangiu等人首次提出 [3] 。在接受碘辐射的儿童中发病率较高,多由RET基因重排驱动 [4] 。Ohashi等人在26例具有实性成分的甲状腺癌术后标本中发现,42.3%存在淋巴血管侵犯 [5] 。

实性型PTC主要组织病理学特征为实性、小梁或巢状生长模式 > 50% [4] 。其细胞学特征表现为具有典型PTC核特征的肿瘤细胞在干净背景下形成缺乏乳头结构的三维细胞簇 [6] 。本例患者FNA结果未见乳头结构,具有核沟及核内包涵体典型PTC核特征,“三维分布”未被描述,但可见肿瘤细胞密集排列,基于上述细胞结构特征需与低风险肿瘤及PTC亚型鉴别。因部分细胞存在嗜酸性,嗜酸瘤细胞PTC、Warthin瘤样PTC、高细胞型PTC需重点鉴别 [4] 。同时,本例患者合并桥本氏甲状腺炎(Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, HT)使细胞学诊断更为复杂 [7] 。HT病理除见到大量免疫细胞浸润外,嗜酸性变也常常被描述 [8] 。此外,HT相关非典型增生亦可形成滤泡、小梁、巢和实区 [9] 。

免疫组织化学染色对诊断甲状腺肿瘤具有潜在价值,弥补了单纯基于细胞形态学诊断的不足。TTF-1为起源于甲状腺滤泡细胞的特异性标记物,在PTC中高度表达,CK19阳性对排除良性病变有良好的价值,但对诊断PTC及具有乳头样核特征的非浸润性甲状腺滤泡性肿瘤(noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features, NIFTP)诊断缺乏特异性 [10] [11] 。本例患者左侧叶甲状腺结节C-TIRADS分类4C类,且短期增大,FNA结果提示Bethesda III类,我国此分类恶性风险程度为45.5%~71.4% [12] ,结合免疫组化CK19、TTF-1阳性,建议患者手术治疗。术后病理为实性型PTC。此外,关键分子谱也在第五版WHO甲状腺肿瘤分类中被提及 [5] 。

综上所述,甲状腺肿瘤具有重叠的细胞形态学结构,合并HT诊断更加困难,除关注肿瘤细胞本身结构外,肿瘤细胞分布、免疫组织化学、关键分子谱也有助于术前诊断。

文章引用

吴淑婷,冉建民. 实性型甲状腺乳头状癌一例
Solid Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Report[J]. 临床医学进展, 2024, 14(01): 447-450. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2024.141064

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  12. 12. 甲状腺细针穿刺细胞病理学诊断专家共识编写组, 中华医学会病理学分会细胞病理学组, 刘志艳, 等. 甲状腺细针穿刺细胞病理学诊断专家共识(2023版) [J]. 中华病理学杂志, 2023, 52(5): 441-446.

  13. NOTES

    *通讯作者。

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