阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer’s Disease, AD)是一种原发性神经退行性病变,常伴有认知障碍和神经功能障碍。一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO)是一种重要的传递神经信息的信号分子,对Aβ的生成有重要影响,同时,通过降低神经炎症和氧化氮化及NF-κB通路抑制诱导性一氧化氮合成酶(inducible nitric oxide synthetase, iNOS),从而治疗AD。本文就NO影响AD的发病和治疗的相关性最新研究进行综述。 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a primary neurodegenerative disorder with cognitive impairment and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Nitric oxide (NO) is a major signaling molecule in neurons which influences the formation of Aβ. In addition, NO reduces neurogenic inflammation, oxidation and nitridation and NF-κB passway to restrain inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS). This paper reviewed NO effects on the development and therapy of AD.
富含脯氨酸的多肽复合物(PRP)和它的组成成分九肽(NP)拥有免疫调节的特性。Zabłocka A [26] 等研究表明PRP和NP抑制ROS和NO的过度产生从而改善氧化应激。PRP或NP对谷胱甘肽还原酶(GSSGR)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)有作用但不影响氧化氢酶的活性(GSHPx和GSSGR有抗氧化防护作用)。另外,初乳肽(CLN) [27] (一种富含脯氨酸的多肽复合物(PRP)),最初是在绵羊初乳中分离出来的,被认为是一种免疫调节物质,被证明在鼠科动物的成熟和分化以及体液和细胞免疫应答中具有重要作用。CLN对细胞因子(IFN, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10)具有调节作用,并且能抑制ROS和NO的过度产生。PRP可以防止Aβ的聚合以及聚合体的破坏,另外,它还可以促进神经突触的生长,抑制细胞不受控制的活化,减少4-HNE调节的细胞损伤,调节细胞的氧化还原和细胞的增殖分化。
3.2.2. 聚戊烯醇抑制NO治疗AD病
Wang C [28] 等评估聚戊烯醇对D-半乳糖诱导鼠意识损伤作用。实验结果显示聚戊烯醇治疗2周后极大改善模型鼠的认知表现和氧化防御能力,其学习和记忆能力提高。另外,高和中水平的聚戊烯醇显著增加谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力;而NO、NOS的水平降低。研究得出聚戊烯醇可以通过增强氧化防御,影响Aβ相关酶生成与异化来改善记忆及认知障碍,这表明聚戊烯醇代表了一种新的可以治疗老年痴呆症的药物。
王家卉,邵亚兰,石 静,江耀飞,谢小明,方 婷,万 函,洪芬芳,杨树龙. 一氧化氮与阿兹海默氏症的治疗Roles of Nitric Oxide in Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease[J]. 老龄化研究, 2017, 04(04): 55-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/AR.2017.44008
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