为了考察心理弹性在特殊儿童领悟社会支持与一般心理健康之间的中介作用。采用青少年心理韧性量表,一般心理健康量表,领悟社会支持量表,对199名视力障碍和听力障碍儿童进行调查。研究发现:1) 领悟社会支持及其各维度得分与心理弹性得分呈显著正相关,与一般心理健康得分呈显著负相关,心理弹性得分与一般心理健康得分呈显著负相关;2) 心理弹性得分在领悟社会支持得分与一般心理健康得分之间有部分中介作用。结论表明,特殊儿童的心理健康与其领悟到的社会支持有关,而心理弹性在其中有一定程度的中介作用。 To investigate the mediating role of resilience in the perceived social support and general mental health among children with disabilities, 199 children with visual disorders and hearing impairment were investigated with the use of the teenager’s resilience scale for adolescents, the general mental health scale and the perceived social support scale. Study found that: 1) Perceived social support and its each dimension score were significantly positively related to resilience score, while the general mental health scores were in significantly negative correlation, with resilience score and general mental health scores being in significantly negative correlation; 2) Resilience score played a part in mediating between perceived social support score and general mental health score. The conclusion shows that the mental health of children with disabilities is related to the perceived social support, and resilience plays a mediating role to some extent.
心理弹性,领悟社会支持,特殊儿童, Resilience Perceived Social Support Children with Disabilities特殊儿童领悟社会支持与一般心理健康:心理弹性的中介作用
心理弹性至今没有一个统一的定义,Lussier等(2007)认为心理弹性可以被概括性地定义为以一种积极的方式适应逆境的能力,还有研究者认为心理弹性是一些面对逆境可以提供应对方式或保护的个体特征(Hoge et al., 2007)。总体上心理弹性的作用可以归纳为两个必要条件:一是当事人经历过或正在经历严重的压力或逆境;二是尽管如此,当事人发展状况或适应状况良好(张坤,2015;马伟娜,桑标,& 洪灵敏,2008)。因此可以将心理弹性理解为与积极特征相联系的“保护因素” (Protective factors) (Lou Yet al., 2018),即是当个体遭受逆境,或者不良生活经历时,心理弹性可以促进个体的适应性与恢复力。许多研究也证实了心理弹性的保护作用,如较高的心理弹性水平伴随着较低的网络成瘾水平(Robertson et al., 2017),以及较低的抑郁和焦虑水平(Anyan et al.,2017; Wu et al., 2017; Poole et al., 2017)。因此,可以将心理弹性看作是一种与应对创伤或逆境有关的有利于个体发展的积极心理因素,它对于个体的心理适应具有保护作用。
将各预测变量转换成Z分数,以领悟社会支持为预测变量,一般心理健康为效标变量,心理弹性为中介变量,根据中介效应检验流程进行分析(温忠麟 & 叶宝娟,2014)。由表2可知,在方程1中,领悟社会支持对于一般心理健康有显著的负向预测作用(b = −0. 41, t = −6.36, p < 0.01);在方程2中,领悟社会支持对于心理弹性有显著的正向预测作用(b = 0.45, t = 7.00, p < 0.01);在方程3中,当心理弹性进入回归方程之后,领悟社会支持对于一般心理健康的回归系数有所下降,但是依然显著(b = −0. 20, t = −3.16, p < 0.01)。说明心理弹性在领悟社会支持与一般心理健康之间起着部分中介作用。各方程具体指标见表2。
李 雄,袁 飞,米 韬,李祚山. 特殊儿童领悟社会支持与一般心理健康:心理弹性的中介作用 Perceived Social Support and General Mental Health of Children with Disabilities: Mediating Role of Resilience[J]. 心理学进展, 2018, 08(08): 1144-1150. https://doi.org/10.12677/AP.2018.88137
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