本研究试验样地位于黑龙江省伊春市五营区丰林国家级自然保护区,于2010年5月开始氮沉降控制试验,共设置4个N添加梯度,分别为低N (LN 5 g N m−2 a−1)、中N (MN 10 g N m−2 a−1)、高N (15g N m−2 a−1)和对照(CK 0 g N m−2 a−1),应用两种不同孔径网袋(150目,300目)排除不同类型土壤动物的方法,对比研究N沉降及土壤动物活动对针叶、阔叶、混叶凋落物的分解作用,旨在探讨小兴安岭针阔混交林凋落物在N沉降下的分解动态及其与土壤动物活动的关系。结果表明:1) 不同类型凋落叶分解速率表现为阔叶凋落物 > 针叶凋落物 > 混叶凋落物,差异显著(P < 0.05);在有土壤动物活动作用下的150目孔袋内的凋落叶分解速度快于基本排除土壤动物作用条件下的300目孔袋的分解样品,对针叶凋落物作用达到显著水平(P < 0.05);土壤动物活动与C的损失率呈显著负相关关系(P < 0.05),与N、P损失率呈正相关,差异显著(P < 0.05)。2) 不同N处理均抑制了针叶凋落物的分解,LN处理抑制明显(P < 0.05);MN、HN处理促进了阔叶凋落物的分解,LN处理呈现抑制,作用不显著;有土壤动物参与下的混叶HN处理显著抑制分解(P < 0.05)、LN和MN处理显著促进分解(P < 0.05);基本排除土壤动物作用下混叶表现为LN处理抑制分解、HN处理显著促进分解(P < 0.05)。在施N处理下,养分释放率与分解速率一致。本试验研究表明:土壤动物活动加速了凋落叶质量的损失,加速了N、P元素的释放;N沉降处理对不同类型凋落叶影响不同,对混叶凋落物的影响与土壤动物的活动存在交互作用。 In this study, a simulated nitrogen deposition control experiment was carried out in the Fenglin National Nature Reserve of Wuying District, Yichun, Heilongjiang province. A total of four nitrogen addition gradients were set, which were low nitrogen (LN, 5 g N m−2 a−1), medium nitrogen (MN, 10 g N m−2 a−1), high nitrogen (HN, 15 g N m−2 a−1) and control (CK, 0 g N m−2 a−1), using two different aperture mesh bags (150 mesh, 300 mesh) to exclude different types of soil animals, comparative study of nitrogen deposition and soil animal activities on the decomposition of needle, broad, mixed leaf litter. The purpose of this study was to investigate the decomposition dynamics of litter in the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Lesser Khingan Mountains under nitrogen deposition and its relationship with soil animal activities. The results showed that: 1) The decomposition rate of different types of litter was broadleaf litter > coniferous litter > mixed leaf litter, the difference was significant (P < 0.05); in the 150 mesh hole bag under the action of soil animal activity The decomposition rate of litter was faster than the decomposition of 300 mesh bag under the action of soil animals, and the effect on coniferous litter reached a significant level (P < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between soil animal activity and C loss rate (P < 0.05), and the N and P loss rates were positively correlated, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). 2) Different nitrogen treatments inhibited the decomposition of coniferous litter, and LN treatment inhibited significantly (P < 0.05); MN and HN treatment promoted the decomposition of broadleaf litter, LN treatment showed inhibition, and the effect was not significant; soil animals HN treatment with mixed activity significantly inhibited decomposition (P < 0.05), LN and MN treatment significantly promoted decomposition (P < 0.05); as far as possible, the effect of soil animals on the mixed leaves showed LN treatment inhibition decomposition, HN treatment significantly promoted decomposition (P < 0.05). Under the nitrogen treatment, the nutrient release rate is consistent with the decomposition rate. The experimental study showed that soil animal activities accelerated the loss of litter quality and accelerated the release of N and P elements. Nitrogen deposition had different effects on different types of litter, and the interaction with mixed leaf litter had interaction with soil animal activities effect.
氮沉降,土壤动物活动,凋落物分解,针阔混交林, Nitrogen Deposition Soil Animal Activities Litter Decomposition Broad-Leaved Korean Pine Forest氮沉降及土壤动物活动对阔叶红松林凋落物分解的影响
徐萌,王庆贵,闫国永,邢亚娟*
黑龙江大学农业资源与环境学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨
收稿日期:2019年1月1日;录用日期:2019年1月17日;发布日期:2019年1月24日
摘 要
本研究试验样地位于黑龙江省伊春市五营区丰林国家级自然保护区,于2010年5月开始氮沉降控制试验,共设置4个N添加梯度,分别为低N (LN 5 g N m−2 a−1)、中N (MN 10 g N m−2 a−1)、高N (15g N m−2 a−1)和对照(CK 0 g N m−2 a−1),应用两种不同孔径网袋(150目,300目)排除不同类型土壤动物的方法,对比研究N沉降及土壤动物活动对针叶、阔叶、混叶凋落物的分解作用,旨在探讨小兴安岭针阔混交林凋落物在N沉降下的分解动态及其与土壤动物活动的关系。结果表明:1) 不同类型凋落叶分解速率表现为阔叶凋落物 > 针叶凋落物 > 混叶凋落物,差异显著(P < 0.05);在有土壤动物活动作用下的150目孔袋内的凋落叶分解速度快于基本排除土壤动物作用条件下的300目孔袋的分解样品,对针叶凋落物作用达到显著水平(P < 0.05);土壤动物活动与C的损失率呈显著负相关关系(P < 0.05),与N、P损失率呈正相关,差异显著(P < 0.05)。2) 不同N处理均抑制了针叶凋落物的分解,LN处理抑制明显(P < 0.05);MN、HN处理促进了阔叶凋落物的分解,LN处理呈现抑制,作用不显著;有土壤动物参与下的混叶HN处理显著抑制分解(P < 0.05)、LN和MN处理显著促进分解(P < 0.05);基本排除土壤动物作用下混叶表现为LN处理抑制分解、HN处理显著促进分解(P < 0.05)。在施N处理下,养分释放率与分解速率一致。本试验研究表明:土壤动物活动加速了凋落叶质量的损失,加速了N、P元素的释放;N沉降处理对不同类型凋落叶影响不同,对混叶凋落物的影响与土壤动物的活动存在交互作用。
选取小兴安岭林区林龄、密度、林型和立地条件相近的阔叶红松林,设置12块植被地形相对均一的20 m × 20 m的试验样地。样方间设置10 m缓冲带,并用PVC板隔断,以避免地表径流或壤中流造成样地间的氮连通。参考同类试验的处理方法 [19] 设置4个氮添加梯度,分别为低氮处理(LN 5 g N m−2 a−1)、中氮处理(MN 10 g N m−2 a−1)、高氮处理(HN 15 g N m−2 a−1)和对照处理(CK 0 g N m−2 a−1),每个处理水平重复3次(即3块样地),以NH4NO3为外施氮源,分别模拟未来大气氮沉降浓度的2、4、6倍情况下(当地大气氮沉降浓度为2.5 g m−2 a−1)凋落物的响应 [20] [21] 。样地于2010年5月开始模拟氮沉降试验,此后每年施氮从5月开始到9月结束,分5个月份平均喷施。为排除水分的差异,对照地喷施等量的纯净水。
3.2. 实验处理
试验在施氮前在各样地设置的纱网里收集未接触地表的凋落物并带回使其自然干燥,选用了2种不同孔径的尼龙网袋(150目,300目),150目允许土壤动物的作用,300目则尽可能排除土壤动物的作用 [17] 。网袋大小为10 cm × 10 cm。每袋装入自然风干混叶5 g (针叶2.5 g,阔叶2.5 g),针叶,阔叶则经过人工分拣后称取5 g放在凋落物袋里,并放置于控制试验样地凋落物层之上。
徐 萌,王庆贵,闫国永,邢亚娟. 氮沉降及土壤动物活动对阔叶红松林凋落物分解的影响Effects of Nitrogen Deposition and Soil Animal Activities on Litter Decomposition in Mixed Broadleaved Korean Pine Forest in Lesser Khingan Mountains[J]. 世界生态学, 2019, 08(01): 15-25. https://doi.org/10.12677/IJE.2019.81003
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