本文针对污染初始排放权定价这一研究课题,进行国内外文献梳理,并对国内外文献研究进行综述。得出如下结论:相关研究可选取污水初始排放权为研究对象,构建系统动力学污水初始排放权定价模型,不仅可以计算仿真未来排放权价格,而且能辨析出影响初始排放权价格的关键因素,给政府和企业提供一定的参考指导,有助于对排放权价格更好的把握,另一方面可以对不同行业不同地区的排放权定价。预期对污水初始排放权的系统理论体系进行扩充,同时为环保管理当局进行相关决策提供依据。 Aiming at the research topic of initial pollution emission right pricing, this paper combs the liter-ature at home and abroad, and summarizes the literature research at home and abroad. The fol-lowing conclusions are drawn: the relevant research can choose the initial discharge right of sewage as the research object, and construct the pricing model of the initial discharge right of the system dynamics sewage, which can not only calculate the price of the future emission right, but also distinguish the key factors that affect the initial emission right price, and provide some reference guidance to the government and enterprises. It helps to better grasp the price of emission right. On the other hand, it can price the emission right of different parts of the same industry. It is expected to expand the system theory system of the initial discharge right of sewage, and to provide the basis for the relevant decision of the environmental management authorities.
污水初始排放权,定价,文献综述, Sewage Initial Discharge Right Pricing Literature Review污水初始排放权定价文献综述
面临全球水污染的严峻形势,如何治理污水排放,如何有效控制水体中污染物排放量以及污染物的浓度?基于目前的环境恶化现状,《京都议定书》(Kyoto Protocol)制定了三种污染物减排机制:排放权交易机制(Emissions Trading System)、联合履行(Joint Implementation)、清洁发展机制(Clean Development Mechanism),其中联合履行、清洁发展机制主要限制温室气体(包括水汽、二氧化碳、氧化亚氮、甲烷)的排放。对于水污染控制主要采用排放权交易机制,以缓和水污染的严峻形势,逐步改善水质水况。排放权是依法享有的具有限制性的排放污水的权利,目前排污企业获得这种排放权利主要有初始分配、转让、拍卖等几种方式。水污染物的排放权交易(pollution rights trading)是基于对水环境容量总量的控制为前提,采取限制性排污的措施。排放权交易机制在考虑环境资源承载力的前提下并综合当前环境及经济形势,遵循“谁污染、谁付费”的原则的一种量化环境管理措施,由于其污染治理成本低、实践效果好、具有灵活性等优势逐渐成为一种各国广泛采用的治理污染的政策工具。排放权灵活性体现在,一是当企业的治污成本高于购买排放权费用时,企业选择购买排放权,当购买排放权所需费用大于治污成本时,企业选择自己治理;二是当企业购买的排放权剩余时可以将剩余的排放权转让给需要的排污企业,使资源合理利用;三是排放权交易的参与主体可以根据自身需要和对未来排放权交易前景的预期进行排放权的存储(Banking)和借贷(Borrowing)。
王丽娜,潘永强,王奕潼,杨林姣. 污水初始排放权定价文献综述Literature Review on Pricing of Initial Discharge Right of Sewage[J]. 世界生态学, 2019, 08(02): 65-73. https://doi.org/10.12677/IJE.2019.82009
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