环境因素对儿童生长发育起到重要作用。在儿童成长过程中会接触到各种类型的应激源,过强、持续的应激暴露会破坏儿童自身较为脆弱的生物学保护机制,并由此产生一系列可能危害儿童身心健康的应激反应。量化评价应激反应效应的技术方法是开展医学、心理学、教育学等领域研究的重要手段。本文选取唾液a-淀粉酶作为生物标志物,通过综述唾液a-淀粉酶在儿童应激领域的最新研究成果,展示唾液a-淀粉酶指标检测用于评测儿童身心健康的研究案例和方法,为相关专业研究者开展儿童发展研究提供新的办法和思路。
Environmental factors play an important role in children’s growth and development. As children grow up, they are exposed to various types of stressors, excessive and sustained stress exposure can undermine children’s own fragile biological protection mechanisms, and result in a series of stress reactions that may endanger children’s physical and mental health. Technical methods for quantitatively evaluating the effects of stress response are important means for conducting research in fields such as medicine, psychology and education. In this paper, salivary a-amylase was selected as a biomarker, and a review was written to present the recent advances of salivary a-amylase as the marker in the research of child stress, enumerating the case study and methods of using salivary a-amylase as index to assess children’s physical and mental health, which could provide new methods and ideas for related professional researchers to conduct research on child development.
唾液a-淀粉酶,儿童,应激,研究进展, Salivary a-Amylase Children Stress Research Progress唾液a-淀粉酶在儿童应激中的研究进展
在应激作用下,SAA水平和休息状态下存在显著差异。研究表明,SAA水平增加与应激产生的压力成正相关,包括运动应激、冷、热应激以及考试应激等 [10]。Nater等人招募24名成年人接受特里尔社会应激测试(Trier Social Stress Test,TSST),并设置休息对照组,结果显示应激作用下SAA水平变化显著。如图2所示,其中−10至0分钟为测试时段。
躯体创伤患儿处于应激状态中可能会损害其身心健康。Ewing-Cobbs等人选取颅脑外(extracranial injury,EI)患儿29名、健康对照组儿童33名,并在术后6个月(近期创伤期)统一进行儿童版特里尔社会应激测试(Trier Social Stress Test for Children,TSST-C),结果显示颅脑外伤患儿的SAA峰值响应水平相比健康儿童更低 [24]。该研究揭示创伤后遗症将影响后续儿童SAA的应激作用效果,但长期影响效果不确定。有一项研究发现,在9至12岁遭受虐待的儿童人群,到18岁再进行评估,结果发现SAA水平与正常对照组不再有差异 [24]。
李 达,谢 丽,康学军. 唾液a-淀粉酶在儿童应激中的研究进展Research Progress of Salivary a-Amylase in Children’s Stress[J]. 临床医学进展, 2020, 10(02): 85-91. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2020.102014
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