Advances in Clinical Medicine
Vol. 13  No. 12 ( 2023 ), Article ID: 77371 , 5 pages
10.12677/ACM.2023.13122706

PLR、NLR在非小细胞性肺癌中的研究现状

米洵宇1,向明钧1,向志2*

1吉首大学医学院,湖南 吉首

2吉首大学第四临床医学院,湖南 怀化

收稿日期:2023年11月18日;录用日期:2023年12月12日;发布日期:2023年12月18日

摘要

肺癌在中国是致命性最高的恶性肿瘤之一,根据2015年中国癌症中心的数据,非小细胞性肺癌(NSCLC)占其中的85%。传统的诊断方式,如病理活检和PET-CT,虽然精确但不便于重复使用,且费用较高。近年来,炎症被认为是肿瘤发展的一个关键标志。特定的炎症指数,如中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)和血小板与淋巴细胞比值(PLR),已成为研究焦点。这些指标来自常规血常规,不仅费用低廉,而且方便多次测量。本文对NLR和PLR在NSCLC的诊断、分期和预后中的研究现状进行综述,可以为NSCLC的诊疗提供新的视角。

关键词

非小细胞性肺癌,炎症指标,诊断,预后

The Current State of Research on PLR and NLR in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Xunyu Mi1, Mingjun Xiang1, Zhi Xiang2*

1Medical College of Jishou University, Jishou Hunan

2The Fourth Clinical College, Jishou University, Huaihua Hunan

Received: Nov. 18th, 2023; accepted: Dec. 12th, 2023; published: Dec. 18th, 2023

ABSTRACT

Lung cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies in China, and according to data from the Chinese Cancer Center in 2015, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of these cases. Traditional diagnostic methods such as pathological biopsy and PET-CT, although accurate, are inconvenient for repeated use and carry a high cost. In recent years, inflammation has been recognized as a key indicator of tumor development. Specific inflammatory indices, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), have become a focus of research. These indices, derived from routine blood counts, are not only cost-effective but also convenient for frequent testing. This article provides a review of the current research status of NLR and PLR in the diagnosis, staging, and prognosis of NSCLC, offering a new perspective for the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC.

Keywords:Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Inflammatory Markers, Diagnosis, Prognosis

Copyright © 2023 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

1. 引言

2015年中国肺癌新诊断病例总数约为78.7万例 [1] 。非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)占所有肺癌的85%,我国肺癌患者的5年生存率仅为19.7%。研究表明癌症的第七个标志是炎症 [2] ,肿瘤发生和癌变的过程中都有炎症的身影。中性粒细胞被细胞因子和趋化因子吸引到肿瘤微环境中,由此中性粒细胞极化为促肿瘤亚型以促进肿瘤生长、转移、血管生成并诱导免疫抑制 [3] 。而淋巴细胞是介导对癌细胞免疫反应的重要成分,CD8+ T细胞通过杀死细胞毒细胞和产生细胞因子来抑制肿瘤生长 [4] [5] ,同时有研究表明,癌细胞可诱导血小板活化,活化的血小板促进癌细胞增殖、血管生成和转移,并保护肿瘤细胞免于凋亡 [6] 。综上所述中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血小板/淋巴细胞比值(PLR)反映了机体的系统性的炎症水平及整体性的免疫状态,在多种疾病的早期诊断、预后中有重要意义,现就外周血NLR、PLR在肺癌,尤其是非小细胞肺癌的诊断及预后的研究现状进行综述。

2. PLR和NLR在非小细胞性肺癌诊断中的关系

中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)和血小板/淋巴细胞比值(PLR)是系统炎症和常规临床实验室检测的可用标志物,每当中性粒细胞增加或淋巴细胞减少时,机体免疫平衡被打破,由此可见NLR和PLR是反映个体免疫状态的新型复合炎症标志物 [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] ,XU [12] 等人在分析了171名非小细胞性肺癌患者和105名健康参与者,结果显示,NLR和PLR提高了NSCLC的诊断率尤其是III期和IV期,其曲线下面积值(0.752和0.759)分别高于I和II期NSCLC。并且随着T分期的增加,PLR可能是T分期的潜在独立预测标志(P < 0.05),NLR显示出与N分期相关的增加(除了N3期),并被确定为N分期的标志(P < 0.0001)。这与张国强 [13] 在其研究中依据Spearman相关性分析结果显示,PLR与TNM分期呈正相关结论相似。2020年Rimini等人 [14] 的研究团队对3810名健康人群进行长达10年的随访追中,得出当NLR ≥ 1.5、PLR ≥ 110.6时均与癌症发生率呈正相关,经过调整协变量后仍然是癌症发生率的独立预测因子。李四香 [14] 等人对1227例确诊为肺癌的患者中进行回顾性研究,发现在鳞状细胞癌中的患者,中性粒细胞–淋巴细胞比值及血小板–淋巴细胞比值高于其他病理类型患者,并且在晚期肺癌患者中,这两个比值也显著高于早期患者。同时国内学者王虹 [15] 在其研究中提出外周血NLR在肺鳞癌的早期诊断中具有较高的特异度及灵敏度,NLR单独诊断时,临界值为2.75,灵敏度为0.79,特异度为0.85,而当NLR联合SCC时诊断肺鳞癌时,灵敏度为0.87,特异度为0.85提示二者联合检测有助于为肺鳞癌早期筛查提供更多选择。张诤 [16] 等回顾性分析了100例NSCLC患者和100例CAP患者,分别作为研究组和对照组,回归曲线分析得出在鉴别CAP (社区获得性肺炎)和NSCLC中,外周血NLR、PLR的AUC值分别为0.806、0.783,提示炎症指标在肺癌的鉴别诊断中均具有一定的辅助价值,并指出若能采用多种指标联合检测可能可大幅度提高诊断效率。而在Zhu [17] 等人的研究中,他们对210例肺癌患者和261例健康体检者的NLR、PLR水平进行了分析,结果显示,NLR的ROC曲线下的面积(AUC)为0.684,PLR为0.623,二者结合时,AUC增加到0.691。

3. PLR和NLR在非小细胞性肺癌中的预后关系

非小细胞肺癌是全球最常被诊断的癌症,也是所有其他癌症中死亡率最高的一种恶性肿瘤 [18] 。随着科学技术的发展,尽管肺癌的治疗方式已经不仅仅局限在手术和放化疗之中,分子、免疫以及靶向治疗在非小细胞性肺癌的治疗中取得了不错的成绩,但手术仍然是早期非小细胞肺癌患者的首选治疗方法,可即使在肺癌根治性切除后,NSCLC的5年总生存率(OS)仍在15%~35.9%之间 [19] 。那么准确的预后评估对于治疗方案和随访策略就显得非常重要,因此急需一种工具,可以用来评估不同治疗方式的疗效,而炎症反应理论参与各种恶性实体肿瘤的发生发展已被广泛研究,并成为一种有前景的预后指标。

在手术治疗方面,一项荟萃分析 [20] 在对20项NLR研究和13,915例肺癌病例,以及15项PLR研究和7484例肺癌病例中分析中得出,高NLR、高PLR和较差OS和DFS之间存在很强的相关性(P < 0.001)。Chen等人 [21] 对598例患者被诊断为IB期NSCLC患者的研究显示LMR-PLR是OS的独立预后指标(P = 0.001)。LMR-PLR = 2、LMR-PLR = 1和LMR-PLR = 0的10年OS率分别为70.0%、60.4%和49.5% (P < 0.001),提示着LMR-PLR可以作为早期手术患者长期生存的一个有价值的预后指标。

在免疫治疗方面,刘建清等 [22] 在对接受同步放化疗联合PD-L1治疗的III期非小细胞肺癌患者研究中表示,当PLR > 117.52和NLR > 2.46时的1年PFS分别为85.7%和80.0%,均低于PLR < 117.52和NLR < 2.46的94.4%和92.3%。另外一项在对接受免疫治疗的非小细胞性肺癌患者的研究 [23] 表示,当基线时的NLR ≥ 5与较差的无进展生存相关,当PLR ≥ 200时与较差的总生存率相关。这与石子宜等人 [24] 提出的当NLR ≥ 4.63时,无进展生存期明显缩短的研究结果相似。

在放化疗方面,Eun Young Park [25] 等在对66例接受了同步放化疗非小细胞性肺癌的患者中的研究得出,CCRT后NLR > 3.12的患者与NLR较低的患者相比,2年OS为25.8%对比68.2% (P < 0.001),2年LRPFS为12.9%对比33.8% (P = 0.010),2年DMFS为22.6%对比38.2% (P = 0.030),CCRT后PLR > 141的患者与PLR较低的患者相比,2年OS为37.5%对比71.1% (P = 0.004),2年LRPFS为16.5%对比40.3% (P = 0.040),而在另外一项对367例肺癌患者中亦是提出治疗后的NLR ≥ 2.54、PLR ≥ 207时,PFS较低,提示着术后的NLR、PLR对于评估患者的预后可能有着一定的效果 [26] 。

在靶向治疗治疗方面,He Qiong [27] 等对190名接受EGFR-TKI一线治疗的EGFR突变肺腺癌患者进行了回顾性分析研究指出,当NLR > 3.28或PLR > 273.84时,可能表明患者的炎症反应较强,免疫功能可能受到抑制,预后较差。而Deng Chao [28] 在其对203例接受了靶向治疗的患者中提出当NLR ≥ 4.40时,PFS的中位数为8.2个月,OS的中位数为14.4个月。当NLR < 4.40时,PFS的中位数为17.4个月,OS的中位数为29.0个月。当PLR ≥ 182.595时,PFS的中位数为10.2个月,OS的中位数为17.3个月。当PLR < 182.595时,PFS的中位数为17.5个月,OS的中位数为29.0个月。尽管非小细胞性肺癌患者的治疗方式有所不同,但每一项研究中均提出治疗前高NLR及PLR预示着更差的预后。

4. 结语

随着对肿瘤学研究的不断深入,炎症被视为肿瘤发展、进展和预后的重要标志特征 [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] 。在NSCLC中,外周血NLR和PLR作为新型复合炎症标志物,不仅被证实能够反映个体的免疫状态,而且与肺癌的诊断、分期和患者的预后有着紧密的关系。多项研究显示,通过综合利用NLR、PLR及其他临床指标,不仅可以显著提高NSCLC的诊断和分期的准确性,还能为预测患者的生存率和疾病进展提供重要信息 [34] [35] 。然而,目前大部分的研究还主要集中于单中心和小样本量,导致炎症标志物的临界值标准化存在挑战。并且在实际临床应用中,NLR的使用条件相对严格,尤其是在诊断阶段,主要针对那些没有基础疾病、未曾接受过化疗、无免疫系统疾病和无明显感染的患者 [36] 。因此,在利用炎症指标进行诊断、分期或预后评估时,都需要进行更加细致的患者筛选和评估,以确保其在临床中的准确性和有效性。

文章引用

米洵宇,向明钧,向 志. PLR、NLR在非小细胞性肺癌中的研究现状
The Current State of Research on PLR and NLR in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer[J]. 临床医学进展, 2023, 13(12): 19225-19229. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2023.13122706

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  36. 36. 侯鹏飞, 李忠诚. 外周血中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率与非小细胞肺癌相关性的研究进展[J]. 中国现代医药杂志, 2019, 21(12): 100-104.

  37. NOTES

    *通讯作者。

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