Advances in Clinical Medicine
Vol. 12  No. 08 ( 2022 ), Article ID: 55068 , 7 pages
10.12677/ACM.2022.1281125

曲妥珠单抗、帕妥珠单抗联合多西他赛对晚期三阳性乳腺癌一线治疗的临床疗效

曹宇*,孙萍#

青岛大学附属烟台毓璜顶医院,山东 烟台

收稿日期:2022年7月17日;录用日期:2022年8月16日;发布日期:2022年8月23日

摘要

目的:比较曲妥珠单抗、帕妥珠单抗联合多西他赛及曲妥珠单抗联合多西他赛、卡培他滨一线治疗晚期三阳性乳腺癌患者的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析毓璜顶医院2019年1月至2020年6月收治的40例晚期三阳性乳腺癌患者临床病理资料。观察组采用曲妥珠单抗、帕妥珠单抗联合多西他赛的化疗方案,对照组采用曲妥珠单抗联合多西他赛、卡培他滨的化疗方案,两组患者均为20例。结果:至观察结束时,所有患者均完成化疗(4~6周期),观察组治疗有效率为40%明显高于对照组有效率5%,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。观察组、对照组无进展生存时间分别为18.20 ± 0.643个月、10.20 ± 0.835个月,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论:在晚期三阳性乳腺癌的一线治疗中,曲妥珠单抗、帕妥珠单抗联合多西他赛相比于曲妥珠单抗联合多西他赛、卡培他滨能显著提高患者临床疗效及生活质量,但其不良反应发生率也更高。

关键词

三阳性,乳腺癌,曲妥珠单抗,帕妥珠单抗

Clinical Efficacy of Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab and Docetaxel as First-Line Treatment for Metastatic Triple-Positive Breast Cancer

Yu Cao*, Ping Sun#

Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai Shandong

Received: Jul. 17th, 2022; accepted: Aug. 16th, 2022; published: Aug. 23rd, 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective: To compare the efficacy of first-line treatment with trastuzumab, pertuzumab plus docetaxel and trastuzumab plus docetaxel, capecitabine in patients with advanced triple-positive breast cancer. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 40 patients with advanced triple positive breast cancer treated from January 2019 to June 2020 in the Yuhuangding hospital. The chemotherapy regimen of trastuzumab and pertuzumab plus docetaxel was used in the observation group, and the chemotherapy regimen of trastuzumab plus docetaxel and capecitabine was used in the control group (20 patients in both groups). Results: By the end of observation, all patients had completed chemotherapy (4~6 cycles), and the overall response rate (ORR) was 40% in the observation group, which was significantly higher than the ORR of 5% in the control group (P < 0.05). The progression free survival time was 18.20 ± 0.643 months in the observation group and 10.20 ± 0.835 months in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In the first-line treatment of metastatic triple-positive breast cancer, the combination of trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and docetaxel has significantly improved clinical outcomes and quality of life compared with trastuzumab plus docetaxel and capecitabine but also has a higher incidence of adverse effects.

Keywords:Triple-Positive, Breast Cancer, Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab

Copyright © 2022 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

1. 背景

根据全球癌症统计数据,乳腺癌已成为发病率最高的肿瘤,占总癌症病例数的11.7%,其死亡率是6.9%,仍是导致癌症死亡的主要原因之一 [1]。乳腺癌是一种异质性疾病,具有丰富的基因型和多样性的表型 [2] [3]。人类表皮生长因子受体2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, HER2)阳性乳腺癌约占全部乳腺癌的15%~20% [4],具有更强的侵袭性,可导致疾病的不良预后 [5]。在HER2阳性乳腺癌中,激素受体(hormone receptors, HR)阳性约占50%,包括表达雌激素受体(estrogen receptor, ER)和/或孕激素受体(progesterone receptor, PR) [6]。HR阳性肿瘤具有低分化、低增值率和预后较好的特点 [7]。其中对于HER2、ER、PR均阳性的乳腺癌又称为三阳性乳腺癌,在乳腺癌中约占10%的比例 [8]。曲妥珠单抗是一种特异性靶向HER2人源化单克隆抗体,可明显改善HER2阳性乳腺癌的生存预后 [9] [10]。曲妥珠单抗无论是作为单药使用还是联合化疗,HR状态均不影响其临床效果 [6]。晚期HER2阳性乳腺癌的临床试验中表明,应用两种药物靶向HER2的生存预后要明显优于一种靶向药 [11] [12]。本文旨在观察曲妥珠单抗、帕妥珠单抗联合多西他赛对晚期三阳性乳腺癌一线治疗的临床疗效。

2. 资料与方法

2.1. 一般资料

本文采用回顾性分析,收集2019年1月至2020年6月毓璜顶医院肿瘤内科收治晚期三阳性乳腺癌作为观察对象,其中观察组20例接受曲妥珠单抗、帕妥珠单抗联合多西他赛化疗方案,对照组20例接受曲妥珠单抗联合多西他赛、卡培他滨的化疗方案。见表1

纳入标准: 1) 诊断时患者年龄为超过18岁且小于70岁女性;2) 经组织学证实为晚期乳腺癌,HER-2、ER、PR经免疫组化证实均阳性;3) 根据RECIST 1.1标准,至少有一个可测量病灶存在;4) 患者各器官及心脏功能正常,预计生存期不少于12周;5) 受试者自愿加入本研究,签署知情同意书,有良好的依从性。

排除标准:1) 同时接受其他抗肿瘤药物治疗;2) 既往曲妥珠单抗治疗失败的患者;3) 已知对本方案药物有过敏史者,有免疫缺陷病史;4) 合并严重的心脏、肝脏、肾脏疾病等,既往有明确的神经或精神障碍史,包括癫痫或痴呆等。5) 化疗期间严重不耐受,无法坚持至少4个周期。

Table 1. Clinical data of two groups of patients

表1. 两组患者临床资料

2.2. 方法

观察组:曲妥珠单抗初始8 mg/kg (后续6 mg/kg) d1 + 帕妥珠单抗初始840 mg (后续420 mg) d1 + 多西他赛75 mg/m2 d1。每3周1次化疗周期,共进行4~6个化疗周期。

对照组:曲妥珠单抗初始8 mg/kg (后续6 mg/kg) d1 + 多西他赛75 mg/m2 d1 + 卡培他滨1000 mg/m2,b.i.d.d1~14。每3周1次化疗周期,共进行4~6个化疗周期。

2.3. 观察指标

1) 化疗结束后,对靶病灶行影像学检查,使用实体瘤疗效判定标准(RECIST1.1)。完全缓解(CR):肿瘤病灶完全消失;部分缓解(PR):肿瘤体积缩小率 ≥ 50%;稳定(SD):肿瘤体积缩小率0%~49%或肿瘤体积增长 ≤ 25%;进展(PD):肿瘤体积增长 > 25%。疾病控制 = CR + PR + SD;治疗有效 = CR + PR。2) 记录患者的疾病无进展生存时间,从该方案用药开始至疾病进展时间。3) 采用乳腺癌生存质量量表(QLQ-C30)对患者的生活质量进行评价,包括30个条目,分为躯体功能、角色功能、认知功能、情绪功能、社会功能、总体健康,患者完成自我评价后将每个维度得分进行线性转化,使得分保持在0~100分,得分越高,表明患者的生活质量越高。4) 比较两组患者不良反应情况,包括消化道反应、骨髓抑制、脱发、乏力、白细胞减少、发热。

2.4. 统计学方法

数据采用SPSS26.0软件分析:计量资料以( x ¯ ± s )表示,行t检验;计数资料采用率(%)表示,采用Pearson χ2检验,P < 0.05表示差异有统计学意义;生存分析使用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线进行分析。

3. 结果

3.1. 两组患者近期治疗疗效的对比

完成4~6个化疗周期后,观察组的疾病控制率为95%,对照组为85% (P = 0.292)。观察组的治疗有效率为40%,对照组有效率为5%,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表2

Table 2. Comparison of short-term therapeutic effects between the two groups

表2. 两组患者近期治疗疗效对比

3.2. 两组患者无进展生存时间的对比

在本研究中使用LogRank检验对比两组患者无进展生存时间,观察组的中位无进展生存时间为18.2个月,95%置信区间为16.939~19.461个月;对照组的中位无进展生存时间为10.2个月,95%置信区间为8.563~11.837个月。差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见图1

Figure 1. Comparison of progression free survival between the two groups

图1. 两组患者无进展生存期对比

3.3. 两组患者生存质量的对比

完成化疗后,观察组患者的生存质量明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表3

Table 3. Comparison of quality of life between the two groups after treatment

表3. 治疗后两组患者生存质量对比

3.4. 两组患者不良反应发生率的对比

在化疗过程中,观察组消化道不良反应发生率最高,占35%,骨髓抑制、脱发、发热、白细胞减少、乏力等不良反应均有发生;对照组患者骨髓抑制不良反应发生率最高,为30%,消化道反应、脱发、发热、白细胞减少等不良反应均有发生。总体来说观察组不良反应发生率较对照组高。见表4

Table 4. Comparison of adverse reactions in two groups during treatment

表4. 治疗过程中两组患者发生不良反应对比

4. 讨论

本研究结果表明,在晚期三阳性乳腺癌的一线治疗中,曲妥珠单抗、帕妥珠单抗联合多西他赛相较于曲妥珠单抗联合多西他赛、卡培他滨能显著提高患者的中位无进展生存时间及生存质量 [13]。CLEOPATRAⅢ期临床试验表明,在晚期HER2阳性乳腺癌的一线治疗中,曲妥珠单抗、帕妥珠单抗联合多西他赛组的中位无进展生存时间为18.7个月,而曲妥珠单抗联合多西他赛组的中位无进展生存时间为12.4个月 [14]。ALTERNATIVEⅢ期临床试验结果显示,拉帕替尼联合曲妥珠单抗联合芳香化酶抑制剂治疗晚期HER2阳性/HR阳性乳腺癌的中位无进展生存时间为11个月,相较于拉帕替尼联合芳香化酶抑制剂组中位无进展生存时间8.3个月及曲妥珠单抗联合芳香化酶抑制剂组5.7个月均有显著优势 [15]。本文中观察组中位无进展生存时间为18.2个月,对照组为10.2个月,对照组患者中多发转移情况较观察组多20%,且样本量较少。

在三阳性乳腺癌中,HR、HER2的表达情况与疾病的特异性相关 [16]。在曲妥珠单抗联合来曲唑治疗晚期三阳性乳腺癌的临床研究中表明,与HER2阴性/HR阳性乳腺癌相比,三阳性乳腺癌患者更难从内分泌治疗中获益 [17]。三阳性乳腺癌的特异性特征不仅表现在内分泌抵抗,也表现为对HER-2治疗的抵抗。在TBCRC006研究中证明,相对于HER2阳性/HR阴性乳腺癌,三阳性乳腺癌也同样更难从抗HER2治疗中获益,其ER阳性的PCR率为21%,ER阴性的PCR为率36% [18]。内分泌治疗已成为晚期HR阳性乳腺癌患者中的基础,但内分泌治疗耐药是很多患者面临的重要问题。研究表明,HER2过表达是导致HR阳性乳腺癌内分泌耐药的机制之一 [19]。目前尚没有比较靶向HER2治疗联合内分泌治疗及靶向治疗联合化疗治疗三阳性乳腺癌的临床试验。本文旨在为晚期三阳性乳腺癌提供一个可避免导致内分泌耐药的治疗方式,曲妥珠单抗、帕妥珠单抗联合化疗亦可作为晚期三阳性乳腺癌一线治疗的方案之一。

文章引用

曹 宇,孙 萍. 曲妥珠单抗、帕妥珠单抗联合多西他赛对晚期三阳性乳腺癌一线治疗的临床疗效
Clinical Efficacy of Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab and Docetaxel as First-Line Treatment for Metastatic Triple-Positive Breast Cancer[J]. 临床医学进展, 2022, 12(08): 7808-7814. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2022.1281125

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  20. NOTES

    *第一作者。

    #通讯作者。

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