Advances in Clinical Medicine
Vol. 13  No. 06 ( 2023 ), Article ID: 67408 , 10 pages
10.12677/ACM.2023.1361370

不同性别不稳定型心绞痛患者血清中MHR和NLR与SYNTAX评分的相关性

杨彦萍1,2,吕晓冰1,台晓玲3,黄玉晓4,辛辉1*

1青岛大学附属医院心内科,山东 青岛

2青岛西海岸新区中心医院急诊科,山东 青岛

3青岛湛山疗养院,山东 青岛

4青岛大学附属青岛市海慈医院(青岛市中医医院),山东 青岛

收稿日期:2023年5月21日;录用日期:2023年6月14日;发布日期:2023年6月21日

摘要

目的:探究不同性别不稳定性心绞痛患者中单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(MHR)和中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)与SYNTAX评分的相关性。方法:本研究纳入依据冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查并确诊为不稳定性心绞痛的患者400例。按照SYNTAX评分分为高危组和低危组,并比较两组的年龄、高血压史、BMI、性别、糖尿病史、高血脂、冠心病/心衰、脑梗、吸烟、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、肌酐、尿酸、胱抑素C、白细胞、NLR、左室射血分数(LVEF)和MHR等。按照性别分组,分别分析患者血清MHR和NLR与男女患者SYNTAX评分的相关性。基于多因素logistic回归方法分析影响男性不稳定型心绞痛患者SYNTAX评分的危险因素。受试者工作(ROC)曲线测试单独NLR与MHR及其联合预测不稳定性心绞痛患者SYNTAX评分高低。结果:SYNTAX评分高危组和低危组相比,男性比例、吸烟史、尿酸、NLR、MHR、LVEF差异具有统计学意义。进一步把男性和女性患者分开分析发现,男性不稳定型心绞痛患者中糖尿病史、高血脂、脑梗、吸烟、甘油三酯、尿酸、胱抑素、NLR、LVEF和MHR在SYNTAX评分低危和高危组存在统计学差异。女性患者中不同SYNTAX评分分级的显著差异指标有吸烟、肌酐和LVEF (P < 0.05)。多因素logistic回归结果表明吸烟、NLR、LVEF、MHR是影响男性不稳定心绞痛患者SYNTAX评分的危险因素。NLR和MHR预测SYNTAX评分风险的ROC曲线下面积为0.645、0.728、0.759,联合NLR与MHR预测效果优于单一指标。结论:MHR和NLR与男性不稳定型心绞痛患者SYNTAX评分相关,联合NLR与MHR预测SYNTAX评分风险有一定价值。

关键词

不稳定心绞痛,单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(MHR),中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR),SYNTAX评分

Correlation of Serum MHR and NLR with SYNTAX Scores in Patients with Unstable Angina Pectoris of Different Genders

Yanping Yang1,2, Xiaobing Lv1, Xiaoling Tai3, Yuxiao Huang4, Hui Xin1*

1Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Shandong

2Department of Emergency, Qingdao West Coast New Area Central Hospital, Qingdao Shandong

3Qingdao Zhanshan Sanatorium, Qingdao Shandong

4Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao Shandong

Received: May 21st, 2023; accepted: Jun. 14th, 2023; published: Jun. 21st, 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the correlation between MHR and NLR and SYNTAX score in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UA) of different genders. Methods: A total of 400 unstable angina pectoris patients were diagnosed by coronary angiography (CAG). The high-risk group and low-risk group were divided according to the SYNTAX score. Age, history of hypertension, BMI, gender, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, triglyceride, heart disease/heart failure, total cholesterol, cerebral infarction, smoking, high-and low-density lipoprotein, creatinine, uric acid, cystatin C, white blood cell, NLR, and high blood pressure were respectively collected and compared between high- and low-groups. The correlation between serum MHR and NLR and SYNTAX score of male and female patients was analyzed according to gender grouping. Multivariate logistic analysis was performed to detect the risk factors of SYNTAX score in male patients with unstable angina pectoris. Receiver operating (ROC) curve was used to analyze the SYNTAX score of patients with unstable angina pectoris predicted by NLR and MHR alone or in combination. Results: Male proportion, smoking history, uric acid, NLR, MHR, and LVEF were statistically significant between high- and the low-SYNTAX score group. In the further analysis, the history of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, cerebral infarction, smoking, triglyceride, uric acid, cystatin, NLR, LVEF and MHR were different in the low- and high-SYNTAX score groups in male UA patients. However, smoking, creatine, and LVEF (P < 0.05) were different in the low- and high-SYNTAX score groups in female UA patients. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that LVEF, smoking, NLR, and MHR were risk factors affecting SYNTAX score of male UA patients. The area under ROC curve of NLR and MHR to predict SYNTAX score risk was 0.645, 0.728, 0.759, and the prediction effect of combined NLR and MHR was better than that of a single index. Conclusions: MHR and NLR are correlated with SYNTAX score in male patients with unstable angina pectoris, and the combination of NLR and MHR has certain value in predicting SYNTAX score risk.

Keywords:Unstable Angina Pectoris, Monocyte/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio, Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio, SYNTAX Score

Copyright © 2023 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

1. 前言

胸痛、胸闷,是急诊科最常见的主诉之一,主要的诊断考虑是急性冠动脉综合征(Acute coronary syndrome, ACS)。ACS是一种急性心肌梗死或缺血,通常由冠状动脉血流急性中断引起,是心血管疾病的危急症。包括不稳定型心绞痛(UA)、非st段抬高型心肌梗死和st段抬高型心肌梗死 [1] [2] 。不稳定型心绞痛是是心肌梗死最严重的和最致命的形式之一。

单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(MHR)是一个能反映机体炎症和免疫状态的标志物,据报道MHR与冠脉病变程度和心血管不良事件相关 [3] 。中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, NLR)近年来成为研究冠心病的热点,NLR可作为衡量机体炎症强度的指标,与冠心病严重程度呈正相关 [4] 。NLR和MHR有助于区分ACS与稳定型心绞痛患者,且二者联合对于ACS的诊断均具有较高的敏感度和特异度,可用于ACS辅助诊断,具有较好的应用价值 [5] 。NLR和MHR与冠状动脉病变的相关性已经被多个研究证实,是否有性别特异性,仍存在争议。SYNTAX评分是一种基于病变的血管造影评分系统,可对冠状动脉疾病的复杂性进行评分,广泛用于量化冠状动脉疾病病变的严重程度,并预测不良的心血管后果 [6] 。本研究基于SYNTAX评分,探讨不稳定性心绞痛患者血清中NLR和MHR与冠状动脉病变的相关性是否具有性别特异性。

2. 资料与方法

2.1. 研究对象

本研究回顾性分析自2021年1月至7月于青岛大学附属医院心血管内科住院的UA患者400例,其中男性240例,女性160例,平均年龄(61.07 ± 9.23)岁。纳入标准:根据2016年诊断指南,入院时确诊为不稳定型心绞痛患者;在我院进行冠状动脉造影(Coronary angiography, CAG)检查、诊断为UA,接受治疗的患者,CAG结果由至少两名心血管内科副高职称及以上的医师进行判定;具有肝功肾功以及各项生化指标结果的患者。排除标准:心肌病、先天性心脏病、严重心脏瓣膜病、心包疾病等患者;近日内发生过心肌梗死的患者;恶性肿瘤患者;肝功肾功严重异常者。

2.2. 患者临床资料

记录患者的年龄、性别、身高、体重、高血压病、脑梗死、吸烟史、糖尿病史等。抽取患者空腹静脉晨血进行血常规和生化指标检测,包括:白细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、血尿酸、肌酐以及CAG结果。通过计算得出身体质量指数(Body Mass Index, BMI)、MHR、NLR等指标以及超声心动图结果(左室射血分数Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, LVEF)。

2.3. 冠状动脉造影术

由2名经验丰富的主治医生及以上级别的心内科医师多体位观察冠状动脉血管情况。根据冠状动脉造影结果,依据网站(http://www.syntaxscore.com/)计算SYNTAX评分,评分结果由2名主治或以上级别医师审核。

2.4. SYNTAX评分分组

根据SYNTAX评分将NSTE-ACS组患者分成轻危(0~23)和高危病变组(≥23),分析低危组和高危组基线资料之间的差别以及和SYNTAX评分相关的因素。

2.5. 统计分析

应用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料采用Shapiro-Wilk法进行正态性检验,符合正态分布的计量资料采用mean ± SD表示,否则采用中位数和四位分数间距表示,t检验或非参数法(Mann-Whitney Test)进行组间差异比较;构成比的形式描述定性资料卡方检验或非参数检验分析组间差异。两变量的相关性分析,采用Pearson相关分析(两变量均为正态分布)或Spearman相关分析。单因素分析有意义的变量纳入多因素Logistic回归,双侧P < 0.05说明有统计学差异。

3. 结果

3.1. SYNTAX评分低危组和高危组基线资料比较

本研究根据纳入和排除标准纳入400例患者,其中男性240例,女性160例。SYNTAX评分高危组的男性比例和吸烟史较低危组差异显著(P < 0.01),高危组的尿酸,NLR,MHR显著高于低危组(P < 0.05),SYNTAX评分低危组的LVEF明显高于高危组(P < 0.01)。年龄,BMI,高血压,高血脂,冠心病,脑梗,甘油三酯,总胆固醇,低密度脂蛋白,肌酐,胱抑素,白细胞在SYNTAX评分低危组和高危组无统计学差异(表1)。

Table 1. Comparison of baseline data between low- and high-risk group for SYNTAX score

表1. SYNTAX评分低危组和高危组基线资料比较

3.2. 不同性别不稳定型心绞痛患者中SYNTAX评分分级的差异性分析

上述分析得出性别在SYNTAX评分低危组和高危组存在显著差异。为了进一步探索不同性别中影响SYNTAX评分的因素,按照性别分组,分别分析男性组和女性组中SYNTAX评分分级的差异性。结果如下,男性不稳定型心绞痛患者中糖尿病史,高血脂,脑梗,吸烟,甘油三酯,尿酸,胱抑素,NLR,LVEF和MHR在SYNTAX评分低危组和高危组存在统计学差异(表2)。表3显示了女性患者中不同SYNTAX评分分级的差异指标,其中吸烟,肌酐和LVEF存在统计学差异(P < 0.05)。

Table 2. Difference analysis of SYNTAX score grading in male patients

表2. 男性患者中SYNTAX评分分级的差异性分析

Table 3. Difference analysis of SYNTAX score grading in female patients

表3. 女性患者中SYNTAX评分分级的差异性分析

3.3. 不同性别不稳定性心绞痛患者的SYNTAX评分相关性分析

男性患者SYNTAX评分与高血脂、糖尿病,脑梗、吸烟、甘油三酯、尿酸、胱抑素C、NLR和MHR正相关,而LVEF(%)与SYNTAX评分呈反相关。在女性患者中,SYNTAX评分与吸烟和尿酸正相关,与LVEF负相关(表4)。男性患者中,SYNTAX评分有更多的相关因素,下一步进一步探讨在男性中血管狭窄的危险因素。

Table 4. Correlation analysis of SYNTAX scores for men and women patients

表4. 男性和女性患者的SYNTAX评分相关性分析

3.4. 男性患者中血管狭窄的危险因素

根据差异性检验结果和相关性结果,对有意义的变量纳入logistic回归,结果显示吸烟,NLR,LVEF,MHR是影响男性不稳定心绞痛患者SYNTAX评分的危险因素(表5)。

Table 5. Analysis of risk factors for vascular stenosis in male patients

表5. 男性患者中血管狭窄的危险因素分析

3.5. 男性不稳定心绞痛患者ROC曲线预测价值

绘制ROC曲线,得到NLR和MHR预测SYNTAX评分的曲线下面积(AUC),分析显示(表6),相比单独NLR和MHR预测男性不稳定性心绞痛SYNTAX评分,联合NLR与MHR预测效果的AUC,灵敏度,特异性等优势显著(P < 0.01)。

Table 6. Efficacy of MHR and NLR in predicting the SYNTAX score

表6. MHR和NLR预测男性不稳定性心绞痛SYNTAX评分的效能

4. 讨论

不稳定性心绞痛发病急,病情发展快,相当一部分患者经过常规治疗后仍面临不良后果风险。明确的诊断,准确的危险分层和挖掘可靠的生物标志物来预测疾病风险,可有效的改善不稳定性心绞痛患者临床结局。

动脉粥样硬化是不稳定心绞痛的病理基础,内皮和内膜损伤导致炎性反应,在炎症因子的触发下,单核细胞转移到血管内膜分化为巨噬细胞摄取脂质构成了粥样硬化斑块的一部分 [7] [8] 。多个报道表明单核细胞与动脉粥样硬化相关疾病有关,可以预测心血管事件 [7] [9] [10] 。Nozawa等人分析了90例急性心肌梗死患者在急性期和随访7个月时血管内超声结果,发现单核细胞计数越多,板块体积变化越大,多因素分析显示住院期间单核细胞计数峰值可预测斑块进展 [11] 。高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)可促进血液循环,清除周围细胞以及动脉粥样硬化斑块中的胆固醇,运到肝脏再循环或者分解为胆酸排泄掉 [12] [13] 。HDL-C可阻止单核细胞分化的巨噬细胞聚集和迁移,抑制胆固醇外排,进而中和单核细胞促炎和促氧化作用,从而起到抗动脉粥样硬化的效果 [12] 。炎性疾病中常出现单核细胞增加和HDL-C降低,同时高单核细胞低HDL-C也参与了动脉粥样硬化和心血管疾病 [14] [15] 。MHR将单核细胞计数与HDL-C水平整合为单一风险因素,被广泛用来预测冠状动脉病变程度 [16] [17] 。Oylumlu M等人发现MHR和淋巴细胞/单核细胞比值可以预测急性冠脉综合征的长期死亡率 [18] 。MHR不光与心脑血管疾病死亡率升高相关,对一般人群死亡率也有一定的预测价值 [19] 。

NLR代表了两个相反但互补的免疫途径的比率,是一种廉价且容易获得的广泛使用的炎症标志物,NLR值越高意味着机体炎症反应越剧烈 [20] [21] 。NLR值可以预测急性冠脉综合征患者的心律失常以及短期和长期的死亡率,与GRACE和SYNTAX评分有很好的相关性 [22] [23] 。此外,与白细胞总数在冠心病中的预测价值相比,NLR值的预测价值更优,与超敏C反应蛋白相当 [24] 。在一项非st段抬高急性冠脉综合征研究中,高NLR值与高SYNTAX评分显著相关 [25] 。Arbel等人分析了3005例接受冠状动脉造影患者的全血细胞计数,结果显示NLR与冠心病严重程度和3年预后独立相关 [26] 。NLR被广泛用于ACS诊断的辅助生物标志物 [27] [28] [29] 。

目前已有多个研究探索MHR,NLR与SYNTAX评分的相关性。Akboga等学者把1229例冠状动脉疾病患者分为高和低SYNTAX评分组,高SYNTAX评分组MHR显著增高,MHR与SYNTAX评分呈显著正相关,是预测SYNTAX评分高的一个独立变量 [30] 。Kundi等学者的研究也发现类似结果,即MHR与稳定性冠心病和ACS患者的SYNTAX评分成正相关 [31] 。本研究发现MHR和NLR在SYNTAX评分低分组和高分组存在显著差异,并且和SYNTAX评分显著相关。分开探讨MHR和NLR在不同性别中与SYNTAX评分相关性发现,MHR和NLR与SYNTAX评分的相关性具有性别特异性,在男性不稳定性心绞痛患者中MHR和NLR是SYNTAX评分的独立危险因素,而在女性患者中无显著相关性。和Xu等人的研究结果一致,MHR与SYNTAX评分仅在男性稳定的冠心病患者存在正相关关系,仅对男性稳定的冠心病患者的高SYNTAX评分有预测价值 [32] 。Pan等学者发现NLR与男性冠状动脉疾病患者的SYNTAX评分相关,是男性冠心病的独立危险因素和预测因子,而与女性无关 [33] 。由于男性和女性在性激素、免疫反应特征方面存在差异,不同性别的冠心病患者的表现、性激素、免疫反应特征、风险因素等差异很有可能导致MHR、NLR的性别差异。

5. 结论

综上所述,MHR和NLR与不稳定性心绞痛患者SYNTAX评分相关,二者联合分析对预测动脉病变程度有重要意义。

文章引用

杨彦萍,吕晓冰,台晓玲,黄玉晓,辛 辉. 不同性别不稳定型心绞痛患者血清中MHR和NLR与SYNTAX评分的相关性
Correlation of Serum MHR and NLR with SYNTAX Scores in Patients with Unstable An-gina Pectoris of Different Genders[J]. 临床医学进展, 2023, 13(06): 9789-9798. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2023.1361370

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  34. NOTES

    *通讯作者。

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