Advances in Clinical Medicine
Vol. 13  No. 08 ( 2023 ), Article ID: 70931 , 6 pages
10.12677/ACM.2023.1381859

探究不同浓度七氟醚对七氟醚缺血后处理大鼠的脑保护作用

郝畅1,骆岳峰1,宋恺颖2,林冰纯1

1深圳市前海蛇口自贸区医院,麻醉与围手术期医学科,广东 深圳

2深圳市宝安区妇幼保健院,麻醉科,广东 深圳

收稿日期:2023年7月21日;录用日期:2023年8月14日;发布日期:2023年8月21日

摘要

目的:探究不同浓度七氟醚对七氟醚缺血后处理大鼠的脑保护作用。方法:选取SPF级成年雄性Wistar大鼠,动物被随机分成5组。假手术组、对照组、0.5 MAC组、1.0 MAC组、1.5 MAC组,使用改良的Pulsinelli四血管闭塞法建立脑缺血模型,使用Zea-Longa评分标准进行评分,于再灌注24 h对各组大鼠进行神经功能缺损评分,评分完成后将大鼠(每组8只)以10%水合氯醛腹腔注射麻醉,断头取脑,测量梗死区域大小。结果:神经功能缺陷评分结果与假手术组比较,其他各组24 h缺损功能评分增加(P = 0.05),与对照组比较,1.0 MAC和1.5 MAC组24 h神经缺损功能评分减轻(P < 0.05),与0.5 MAC组比较,1.0 MAC和1.5 MAC神经功能缺损评分减轻,1.5 MAC组优于1.0 MAC组(P > 0.05)。脑梗死面积测量结果1.0 MAC和1.5 MAC七氟烷的后处理明显减少了梗死面积,1.0 MAC组的梗死面积为31.2%,1.5 MAC组为27.6%,远小于对照组的梗死面积45.2%,0.5 MAC组的梗死面积为41.5%,与对照组相比梗死面积差距不大。结论:七氟醚对其缺血后处理的大鼠有一定的脑保护保用,且其保护程度与七氟醚浓度存在一定相关性。

关键词

七氟醚,改良的Pulsinelli四血管闭塞法,缺血后处理,大鼠,脑保护

To Explore Brain Protection Effect of Different Concentration of Sevoflurane on Sevoflurane Ischemic Postconditioning in Rats

Chang Hao1, Yuefeng Luo1, Kaiying Song2, Bingchun Lin1

1Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen Guangdong

2Department of Anesthesia, Shenzhen Baoan District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen Guangdong

Received: Jul. 21st, 2023; accepted: Aug. 14th, 2023; published: Aug. 21st, 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of sevoflurane at different concentrations on the brain of rats treated with sevoflurane ischemia. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats with SPF grade were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups. In sham operation group, control group, 0.5 MAC group, 1.0 MAC group and 1.5 MAC group, the cerebral ischemia model was established using the modified Pulsinelli four-vessel occlusion method, and the scores were performed using the Zea-Longa scoring standard. The neurological impairment scores were performed for each group at 24 h after reperfusion. After the score was completed, the rats (8 in each group) were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 10% chloral hydrate, and the brains were removed by decapitation to measure the infarct area size. Result: Compared with sham operation group, 24 h defective function score increased in other groups (P = 0.05); compared with contrast group, 24 h defective function score decreased in 1.0 MAC and 1.5 MAC groups (P < 0.05); compared with 0.5 MAC group, 24 h defective function score decreased in 1.0 MAC and 1.5 MAC groups. The neurological impairment scores of 1.0 MAC and 1.5 MAC were reduced, and the 1.5 MAC group was better than the 1.0 MAC group (P > 0.05). The results showed that post-treatment with 1.0 MAC and 1.5 MAC sevoflurane significantly reduced the infarct size. The infarct size of the 1.0 MAC group was 31.2%, and that of the 1.5 MAC group was 27.6%, which was much smaller than that of the control group (45.2%). The infarct size of 0.5 MAC group was 41.5%, which was not much different from that of control group. Conclusion: Sevoflurane can protect the brain of ischemic rats, and the degree of protection is related to the concentration of sevoflurane.

Keywords:Sevoflurane, Improved Pulsinelli Four Vascular Occlusion Method, Ischemic Postconditioning, Rats, Brain Protection

Copyright © 2023 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

1. 引言

围术期急性脑缺血是非心脏血管手术的患者致残和致死的重要根源 [1] ,它的发生率逐年增加 [2] ,围术期发生的脑卒中比非术中发生的脑卒中致死率更高,预后也更差 [3] ,在非心脏和神经外科手术中,围术期脑卒中发生后30 d内的死亡率明显增加 [4] ;对于有脑卒中病史的患者,围术期再次发生脑卒中的死亡率可达60% [5] 。对围术期脑卒中,不能及时发现和治疗可能加重患者的不良预后 [6] 。围术期隐匿性脑卒中增加住院期间谵妄风险和术后1年有症状的脑卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作的风险,加重远期认知功能损害 [7] 。目前缺血性脑卒中约占脑卒中亚型的85%,我国每年死于缺血性脑卒中的人口约为160万 [8] 。所以,围术期发脑缺血的发生对患者的影响巨大。而相对于其他组织,大脑对缺血缺氧耐受力明显较差,而当脑缺血发生以后即使进行再灌注,也还是有可能会发生神经元功能障碍。在临床工作中,缺血后再灌注的情况常有发生,如颈动脉狭窄内膜剥脱术后、脑外科手术中血管吻合术后、治疗缺血性脑卒中时在溶栓等治疗过程中也很大可能会引发缺血后再灌注损伤。大量动物实验证实脑发生缺血后会引起神经细胞坏死或凋亡,从而引起脑功能障碍,给社会、家庭及患者带来巨大的精神痛苦和经济负担,已成为制约一些手术和治疗措施开展的难题 [9] 。大量研究证实麻醉药如吸入性麻醉药如七氟醚预处理对缺血脏器具有保护作用 [10] ,而针对改良的Pulsinelli四血管闭塞法缺血后处理的脑缺血模型大鼠不同浓度七氟醚的脑保护效果缺乏相关研究,本次实验将用SPF级成年雄性Wistar大鼠制作脑缺血模型,以探寻七氟醚缺血后处理不同浓度七氟醚对大鼠的脑保护作用的差异。

2. 材料与方法

2.1. 实验动物模型制备及分组

实验动物:SPF级成年雄性Wistar大鼠(180 ± 20克),由中山大学实验动物中心提供。建立改良的Pulsinelli四血管闭塞法前脑缺血模型:为恒定大鼠血糖水平,先将成年大鼠禁食12 h,缺血前一天烧灼阻断双侧椎动脉,第二天夹闭颈总动脉15分钟后松开,恢复脑血供。因低体温对于脑缺血也有一定的保护作用,为降低缺血后低体温对脑保护的影响,实验期间将保持体温和脑温在约37℃。

动物被随机分成5组。1) 假手术组:动物经过同样的手术过程,但不夹闭颈总动脉,15分钟后给予大鼠吸入1.0 MAC七氟醚30分钟;2) 对照组:夹闭颈总动脉15分钟后,在再灌注开始时给予大鼠吸入O230分钟;3) 0.5 MAC组:夹闭颈总动脉15分钟后,在再灌注开始时给予大鼠吸入0.5 MAC七氟醚30分钟;4) 1.0 MAC组:夹闭颈总动脉15分钟后,在再灌注开始时给予大鼠吸入1.0 MAC七氟醚30分钟:5) 1.5 MAC组:夹闭颈总动脉15分钟后,在再灌注开始时给予大鼠吸入1.5 MAC七氟醚30分钟。

2.2. 实验方法

参照Zea-Longa等评分标准,于再灌注24 h对各组大鼠进行神经功能缺损评分。无神经功能缺损症状0分:不能充全伸展左侧前爪1分:向左侧转圈2分:向左侧倾倒3分:不能自发行走,意识丧失4分。1~3分留用,0分和4分者根据排除标准排除,进行神经功能缺陷评分。

评分完成后将大鼠用水合氯醛(10%)注射入腹腔进行麻醉后断头取脑,将大鼠脑组织放入−20℃冰箱中,冷冻半小时后,将脑组织切片,每片厚度约为2 mm,将脑片放入2%氯化三苯基四氨唑(2,3,5-triphenyitertrazolium Ichloride, TIC)中,放入37℃水浴中,进行染色,半小时后用10%甲醛溶液进行固定。将脑片染色好后,发生梗死的区域为白色,正常区域为红色。测量梗死区域大小以评估实验结果。

2.3. 统计学检验

应用SPSS 20.0统计软件进行分析,正态分布的计量资料以均数 ± 标准差( X ¯ ± s )表示,组间比较采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA),不符合正态分布用秩和检验,以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

3. 结果

3.1. 神经功能缺陷评分

对照组可见明显的行走时左侧转圈现象。与假手术组比较,其余四组的24 h神经缺损功能评分明显增加(P = 0.05),与对照组相比较,1.0 MAC和1.5 MAC组的24 h神经缺损功能评分减轻(P < 0.05),与0.5 MAC组比较,1.0 MAC和1.5 MAC神经功能缺损有所改善,1.5 MAC组的评分好于1.0 MAC组(P > 0.05)。见表1

3.2. 脑梗死面积测量

1.0 MAC和1.5 MAC七氟烷的后处理明显减少了梗死面积,1.0 MAC组的脑梗死面积测量结果是31.2%,1.5 MAC组的脑梗死面积测量结果是27.6%,明显小于对照组的脑梗死面积45.2%,而0.5 MAC组的脑梗死面积结果是41.5%,与对照组的结果相差不大(见图1)。

Table 1. Neurological function score of rats in each group

表1. 各组大鼠神经功能评分表

注:表中与空白组比较,aP < 0.05;与对照组比较,P < 0.05,与0.5 MAC组比较,P < 0.05;与1.0 MAC组比较,P < 0.05。

Figure 1. Comparison of cerebral infarction area in different groups of rats

图1. 不同组别大鼠脑梗死面积对照

4. 结论

七氟醚对其缺血后处理的大鼠有一定的脑保护保用,且其保护程度与七氟醚浓度存在一定相关性。

5. 讨论

围术期脑缺血被认为是一项严重的并发症,也是非心脏血管手术的患者致残和致死的重要根源,脑组织对缺血缺氧耐受力差,脑缺血后即使再灌注也很容易引起神经元功能障碍 [11] ,动物实验已经证实脑发生缺血后会引起神经细胞坏死或凋亡 [12] 。脑水肿、细胞凋亡和炎症反应是脑缺血/再灌注损伤主要病理表现 [13] [14] ,这些因素导致脑损伤预后较差 [15] ,从而引起脑功能障碍。大量研究证实麻醉药如吸入性麻醉药如七氟醚预处理对缺血脏器具有保护作用 [16] 。对于已发生缺血的脏器,麻醉药后处理的方式可以减轻脏器在再灌注时带来的损伤,特别是吸入麻醉药,如异氟醚、七氟醚、地氟醚等,可以通过一系列细胞机制和扩张脑血管来减少脑缺血的组织损伤和抗氧化而起到脑保护作用 [17] ,研究证明,麻醉性镇痛药可减轻脑缺血缺氧性损伤 [18] 。吸入性麻醉药在某些临床状态,如局灶性脑缺血/缺氧时有神经保护作用 [19] ,具体机制尚不清楚。吸入性麻醉药和脏器缺血再灌注事件在发生的时间序贯性上和临床应用的把握度上都具有其独特的优势,因而成为目前最为关注也最具潜力的脏器保护方式。预处理只有在脑缺血发生可预测时,才具有临床可行性。事实上,大多数脑损伤是不可预测的。本研究通过建立改良的Pulsinelli四血管闭塞法前脑缺血模型,夹闭颈总动脉15分钟后,在再灌注开始时给子大鼠吸入不同MAC七氟醚后通过对实验大鼠进行神经功能缺陷评分及测量脑梗死面积,通过脑缺血再灌注后进行干预,证实七氟醚对脑缺血再灌注损伤的有一定的保护作用,且其保护程度与七氟醚浓度存在一定相关性,这可以为围术期脑缺血预防及治疗寻找理论依据及实践基础,将有利于围术期严重并发症——脑缺血的预防和治疗。

文章引用

郝 畅,骆岳峰,宋恺颖,林冰纯. 探究不同浓度七氟醚对七氟醚缺血后处理大鼠的脑保护作用
To Explore Brain Protection Effect of Different Concentration of Sevoflurane on Sevoflurane Ischemic Postconditioning in Rats[J]. 临床医学进展, 2023, 13(08): 13303-13308. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2023.1381859

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