Advances in Clinical Medicine
Vol. 13  No. 04 ( 2023 ), Article ID: 64356 , 8 pages
10.12677/ACM.2023.134882

探究中性粒细胞与白蛋白比值(NAR)对 肺内源性急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDSp) 预后的预测价值

胡权钺,王导新*

重庆医科大学附属第二医院,呼吸与危重症医学科,重庆

收稿日期:2023年3月21日;录用日期:2023年4月17日;发布日期:2023年4月24日

摘要

目的:探讨中性粒细胞与白蛋白比值(NAR)对肺内源性急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDSp)预后的预测价值。方法:回顾性分析126例ARDSp患者的临床资料。根据28天转归情况将患者分为生存者组及非生存者组,收集一般资料、实验室检查等指标,Logistic回归分析28 d死亡的独立危险因素,受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)评价预测价值。结果:纳入ARDSp患者126例,非生存者组59例,生存者组67例,28天死亡率为46.83%。非生存者组年龄、男性患者比例、血小板计数、中性粒细胞、SOFA评分、APACHEII评分、中性粒细胞与白蛋白比值高于生存者组,白蛋白低于生存者组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。多因素Logstic回归分析显示,NAR是ARDSp患者28天死亡的独立危险因素(OR = 1.800, 95%CI 1.366~2.374, P < 0.001)。ROC曲线分析显示,NAR的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.754,最佳截断值0.323。当NAR > 0.323时,ARDSp患者死亡率较高。并且NAR的ROC曲线下面积大于中性粒细胞(AUC = 0.713)、白蛋白(AUC = 0.696)、APACHE II (AUC = 0.715),以及SOFA的ROC曲线下面积(AUC = 0.665)。结论:NAR对ARDSp患者28天预后有较好的预测价值,是28天死亡的独立危险因素。

关键词

肺内源性急性窘迫呼吸综合征,中性粒细胞与白蛋白比值,预后

Prognostic Value of the Neutrophil to Albumin Ratio for Predicting Mortality in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Originating from Pulmonary Disease

Quanyue Hu, Daoxin Wang*

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing

Received: Mar. 21st, 2023; accepted: Apr. 17th, 2023; published: Apr. 24th, 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the prognostic value of neutrophil to albumin ratio (NAR) in patients with pulmonary endogenous acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDSp). Methods: The clinical data of 126 patients with ARDSp were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into survival group and non-survivor group according to the 28 day outcome. General data, laboratory tests and other indicators were collected. The independent risk factors of 28 day death were analyzed by logistic regression, and the predictive value was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). Results: 126 patients with ARDSP were included, 59 in the non-survivor group and 67 in the survivor group. The 28-day mortality rate was 46.83%. The age, proportion of male patients, platelet count, neutrophil, SOFA score, APACHEII score, ratio of neutrophil to albumin in the non-survivor group were higher than those in the survivor group, and albumin was lower than that in the survivor group, with statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that NAR was an independent risk factor for 28-day death of ARDSP patients (OR = 1.800, 95%CI 1.366~2.374, P < 0.001). The ROC curve analysis shows that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of NAR is 0.754, and the best cutoff value is 0.323. When NAR > 0.323, the mortality of patients with ARDSp was higher. The area under the ROC curve of NAR is larger than that of neutrophils (AUC = 0.713), albumin (AUC = 0.696), APACHE II (AUC = 0.715), and SOFA (AUC = 0.665). Conclusion: NAR has a good predictive value for the 28 day prognosis of ARDSp patients and is an independent risk factor for 28 day mortality.

Keywords:ARDSp, NAR, Prognosis

Copyright © 2023 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

1. 引言

急性呼吸窘迫综合征(Acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS)是由多种非心源性因素引起的急性进行性呼吸衰竭 [1] 。它是由多种病因导致具有复杂病理生理机制的一组高度异质性的临床综合征。据报道,目前它的死亡率34.9%~46.1%,且死亡率随着病情严重程度而增加 [2] 。根据肺损伤的机制,ARDS分为两种类型:肺内源性ARDS (ARDSp)和肺外源性ARDS (ARDSexp) [3] 。ARDSp主要是由肺炎、机械通气损伤、肺挫伤、吸入、溺水、有毒气体和烟雾吸入等引起的肺实质直接损伤。ARDSexp的主要病因是非肺脓毒症、创伤、休克、药物中毒、输血、胰腺炎和弥漫性血管内凝血(disseminated intravascular coagulation, DIC)。有研究表明肺内源性ARDS是ARDS的主要发病类型 [4] 。因此提前预测肺内源性ARDS的预后变得尤为重要。近些年将中性粒细胞/白蛋白比值(neutrophil to albumin ratio, NAR)作为新型炎症指标的报道逐渐增多,其对于急性心肌梗死、心源性休克、脓毒血症、重症新冠肺炎、动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血等危重症的预后都展现了良好的预测能力 [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] ,但是否能作为评估肺内源性ARDS病情严重程度的指标,目前鲜有报道。本研究拟探讨中性粒细胞与白蛋白比值(NAR)对肺内源性急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDSp)预后的预测价值,并对其进行评估。

2. 资料与方法

2.1. 一般资料

在2017年6月至2022年8月间,重庆医科大学附属第二医院有264例患者被诊断为ARDS。为排除相关因素的影响,我们制定了如下排除标准:1) 肺外疾病引起的ARDS;2) 年龄 < 18岁;3) 孕妇;4) 恶性肿瘤;5) 免疫功能受损(近半年进行过免疫治疗、器官移植史);6) 资料不全者。在本研究中,那些在入院后28天还活着的人被定义为生存者。最终共有126名患者符合研究纳入标准,其中生存者67名,非生存者59名。本研究(编号:2021-619)获得了重庆医科大学第二附属医院伦理委员会批准。伦理委员会免除了本回顾性研究的知情同意书要求。

2.2. 方法

我们使用医院的病历系统收集所有符合柏林定义的ARDS患者的临床数据。我们通过电话随访入院28天内出院的患者的预后情况。在患者入院后24小时内收集患者的一般资料/实验室指标以及评分。

2.3. 统计学与图像处理

在我们的研究中使用GraphPad Prism (8.0版,美国加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥)和SPSS软件(26.0版,美国IBM)进行统计分析和绘制图片。使用t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验分析连续变量。正态分布的连续变量以平均值±标准差表示,非正态分布连续变量以中位数(四分位数)表示。使用卡方检验或Fisher精确检验比较类别变量。双尾P值 < 0.05被认为具有统计学意义。通过受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)以及曲线下面积来评估不同指标对肺内源性ARDS患者28天死亡率的预测价值。

3. 结果

3.1. ARDSp患者基线特征

生存者和非生存者的基线特征如“表1”所示。非生存者以男性为主(P < 0.001)。与生存者相比,非生存者年龄更大(P < 0.001),APACHE II评分(P < 0.001)和SOFA评分(P = 0.001)更高。对于实验室检查的分析,非生存者的中性粒细胞(P < 0.001)、血小板(P = 0.008)、NAR (P < 0.001)较高,而生存者的白蛋白(P < 0.001)较高。此外,生存者和非生存者之间的MV存在显著差异(67.2% vs. 86.4%, P = 0.011)。

3.2. ARDSp患者28天预后危险因素分析

如“表2”所示,以肺内源性ARDS患者28天预后情况为因变量,以年龄、性别、SOFA评分、APACHE II评分、白蛋白、中性粒细胞、NAR进行单因素以及多因素logistic回归分析,其中年龄、SOFA评分、NAR为ARDSp患者28天预后的独立危险因素。

3.3. ARDSp患者28天死亡率预测指标的评价

通过ROC曲线分析NAR对ARDSp患者28天死亡率的预测值(图1)。NAR的预测值(AUC: 0.754, 95%CI 0.669~0.840)优于中性粒细胞(AUC: 0.713, 95%CI 0.622~0.804)或白蛋白(AUC = 0.696, 95%CI 0.602~0.790),甚至高于SOFA评分(AUC: 0.665, 95%CI 0.567~0.764)和APACHE II评分(AUC: 0.715, 95%CI 0.625~0.805)。

Table 1. Baseline characteristics

表1. 患者的基线特征

Table 2. Logistic regression analysis of prognosis factors in patients with ARDSp

表2. 肺内源性ARDS患者预后影响的二分类logistic回归分析结果

Figure 1. ROC curve and AUC

图1. ROC曲线以及AUC

3.4. 根据不同水平NAR的ARDSp患者的基线特征

根据NAR的约登指数为0.323,将患者分为高NAR组(NAR ≥ 0.323)和低NAR组(NAR < 0.323),两组患者的基线特征如表3所示:根据NAR水平的增加,28天死亡率显著增加,低NAR组12 (21.4%),高NAR组47 (67.1%) (P < 0.001)。NAR水平较高的患者中男性患者较多(P < 0.001),且具有较高的中性粒细胞(P < 0.001)、血小板(P = 0.008)、APACHE II评分(P = 0.046)和SOFA评分(P = 0.003),而低NAR组的白蛋白(P < 0.001)较高。在高NAR组中,有更多的高血压(P = 0.041)、糖尿病(P = 0.004)患者。此外,生存者和非生存者之间的MV存在显著差异(P = 0.001)。

Table 3. Baseline characteristics of ARDSP patients with different NAR levels

表3. 不同NAR水平ARDSp患者基线特征

4. 讨论

中性粒细胞通过血液循环被运送至肺组织,进而释放细胞毒性分子,导致肺组织损伤 [10] 。同时,肺组织中大量炎症因子积聚和中性粒细胞浸润也是ARDS主要分子特征 [11] [12] 。严晓薇等 [13] 通过对85名ARDS患者进行研究,发现ARDS患者外周血中中性粒细胞水平升高,且升高程度与反映疾病严重程度的临床指标及评分存在显著相关性。有研究发现基质金属蛋白酶能够驱动中性粒细胞对肺损伤的修复 [14] 。因此,中性粒细胞在ARDS的发生、发展中起重要作用。

白蛋白作为一种负性急性期蛋白,可保护微循环和组织免受炎症相关损伤,在调节炎症中发挥重要作用。ARDS主要病理生理改变为肺泡-毛细血管膜损伤,导致肺含水量增加,肺泡萎缩,通气/血流比例失调,临床表现为顽固性低氧和非心源性肺水肿。白蛋白下降意味着患者体内蛋白质严重损耗,直接影响了组织器官的各项功能和代谢,引起肺组织免疫力下降、呼吸道屏障功能受损、肺毛细血管通透性增加和肺间质水肿等一系列变化,最终导致ARDS的病情进一步恶化。现已有许多报道证明白蛋白可预测危重患者的死亡率和预后 [15] [16] [17] [18] 。同时,血清白蛋白已被发现是ARDS发展的一个独立危险因素,并且发现ALB与ARDS肺损伤程度呈负相关 [19] 。此外Hoebour [20] 等还发现ALB可以预测和监测ARDS的疾病严重性和疾病进展。

在本研究中,中性粒细胞、白蛋白、NAR水平在生存者与非生存者之间存在显著差异,并且中性粒细胞、白蛋白、NAR三者都对肺内源性ARDS患者28天预后表现良好的预测价值。NAR是中性粒细胞与ALB的比值,可同时反映ARDS全身炎症反应程度及营养状况,相比于单一的中性粒细胞、白蛋白,NAR可较为全面地反映疾病发展状态。本研究中NAR也显示出了优于中性粒细胞和白蛋白的预测价值(AUC: 0.754 VS 0.713 VS 0.696)。

在ICU中,评分系统被广泛用于评估疾病的严重程度和死亡率,贯序器官衰竭评估(SOFA)评分系统和急性生理学和慢性健康评估II (APACHE II)评分系统对危症患者预后具有良好的预测能力,并且死亡率随着APACHE II评分和SOFA评分的增加而增加 [21] [22] 。然而,由于主观测量和复杂的计算,他们在预测危重症患者的进展和疾病严重程度方面存在局限性 [23] 。与SOFA和APACHE II相比,NAR是客观的测量数据,易于获得。更重要的是,在我们的研究中,它显示出比SOFA和APACHE II评分对评估肺内源性ARDS患者预后更好的预测能力。

5. 结论

综上所述,NAR是肺内源性ARDS患者28天死亡的独立危险因素,并且NAR显示出比中性粒细胞、白蛋白、SOFA评分和APACHE II评分更好的预测价值,在未来的研究中,它值得大样本和多中心的前瞻性研究来验证这些发现,并探索肺内源性ARDS患者NAR的潜在机制。

不可否认的是,本研究有一定的局限性。首先,这是一项单中心的回顾性研究,这会使研究产生一定的偏差。其次,相比于其他ARDS研究,我们研究对象的数量相对较少。

文章引用

胡权钺,王导新. 探究中性粒细胞与白蛋白比值(NAR)对肺内源性急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDSp)预后的预测价值
Prognostic Value of the Neutrophil to Albumin Ratio for Predicting Mortality in Pa-tients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syn-drome Originating from Pulmonary Disease[J]. 临床医学进展, 2023, 13(04): 6266-6273. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2023.134882

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  24. NOTES

    *通讯作者。

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