Advances in Clinical Medicine
Vol. 13  No. 11 ( 2023 ), Article ID: 75703 , 7 pages
10.12677/ACM.2023.13112538

患者对医生职业服装偏好的研究分析

林暄1*#,许伟杰2,郭仲杰3,郭建波1,黎静1,钟媛媛4

1川北医学院附属成都新华医院妇产科,四川 成都

2川北医学院附属成都新华医院影像科,四川 成都

3重庆国宾妇产医院妇产科,重庆

4湛江和家宝妇产医院妇产科,广东 湛江

收稿日期:2023年10月21日;录用日期:2023年11月14日;发布日期:2023年11月21日

摘要

改善患者体验与更高的患者报告满意度、增加治疗依从性和临床结果相关。我们进行了基于本院以收治患者对医生着装的看法、期望和偏好的调查。对2022年4月至2023年3月期间在川北医学院附属成都新华医院资料进行分析,通过拍摄男女各一名模特穿着不同服装的照片(正装、休闲服、手术服、正装加白大褂、休闲服加白大褂、手术服加白大褂),设计问卷调查的问题,将调查问卷发放给患者,收集问卷调查结果,整理结果,进行统计分析。在410名患者反应中,患者表示在护理期间医生的着装对他们很重要。而且患者认为男性医生穿着休闲服 + 白大褂和女性医生穿着衬衫西裤 + 白大褂为最佳;在临床上患者对医生的着装有重要的期望和认知。针对医生着装规范以提高患者对医生的满意度起到一定的作用。

关键词

患者满意度,医生服装,调查问卷

An Analysis of Patients’ Preference for Doctors’ Professional Clothing

Xuan Lin1*#, Weijie Xu2, Zhongjie Guo3, Jianbo Guo1, Jing Li1, Yuanyuan Zhong4

1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Chengdu Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to North Sichuan Medical College, Chengdu Sichuan

2Department of Imaging Chengdu Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to North Sichuan Medical College, Chengdu Sichuan

3Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Chongqing Guobin Maternity Hospital, Chongqing

4Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhanjiang He Jiabao Maternity Hospital, Zhanjiang Guangdong

Received: Oct. 21st, 2023; accepted: Nov. 14th, 2023; published: Nov. 21st, 2023

ABSTRACT

Improved patient experience is associated with higher patient-reported satisfaction, increased treatment compliance, and clinical outcomes. Therefore, we conducted a hospital-based survey to examine patients’ perceptions, expectations, and preferences regarding physician attire. A retrospective cohort study was adopted to analyze the data in Chengdu Xinhua Hospital affiliated to North Sichuan Medical College from April 2022 to March 2023. Photos were taken of one male and one female model wearing different clothes (formal wear, casual wear, operating gown, formal wear plus white coat, casual wear plus white coat, operating gown plus white coat), questions of questionnaire were designed, and questionnaires were sent to patients. The questionnaire survey results were collected, sorted out and analyzed statistically. Of the 410 patient responses, patients said that the doctor’s attire was important to them during care. Moreover, patients rated male doctors wearing casual clothes and white coats as the best and female doctors wearing shirts and trousers and white coats as the best. Conclusion: In clinical practice, patients have important expectations and perceptions of what doctors should wear. The dress code for doctors plays a role in improving patients’ satisfaction with doctors.

Keywords:Patient Satisfaction, Doctor’s Clothes, A Questionnaire

Copyright © 2023 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

1. 引言

医患关系是所有病人护理的基础,研究已经表明,一个病人的初步印象对这种关系的发展起着至关重要的作用。在妇产科领域,患者的舒适度对于营造患者愿意披露敏感个人问题的环境至关重要 [1] 。在会诊期间,患者会根据医生的语言和非语言交流,以及衣服、美容和清洁方面等个人特征,对他或她的医生产生第一印象 [2] [3] [4] 。医生在诊断或治疗过程中与患者接触时产生积极印象的能力在患者满意度和最终评估护理质量等方面起着至关重要的作用 [2] [5] [6] ,例如,Zhou等人的研究发现,医生的工作服和白大褂在医生服装的六个方面(专业性、可靠性、责任感、知识水平、医疗安全性和成功率)中得分最高(对所有比较而言P < 0.05)。在调查的各个属性中,不带白大褂的休闲西装是最不受欢迎的。穿白大褂与不穿白大褂之间存在明显的偏好差距(P < 0.001)。医生穿白大褂被认为比不穿白大褂更加专业、可靠、负责、有知识、医疗安全性更高,成功率也更高 [2] [5] [7] 。

然而,目前国内还没有这方面的相关研究,研究医生的着装对患者的依从性和信任度的影响,本研究在国内的医疗机构进行此项研究,研究医生的着装对于患者的就诊体验,对医生的信任及对医生的治疗方案的依从和信任是否有影响,是否显著相关。

2. 资料与方法

2.1. 研究方法

2022年2月至2023年3月期间,本院发起调查,一共收集410份问卷。问卷包括40个问题,包括一名男性和一名女医生穿着各种服装的照片。问卷调查对象是在诊所接受治疗(门诊患者)或住院患者(住院患者)的成年患者或家属。调查问卷都是由研究人员使用互联网制作成的电子版问卷调查,调查是在正常工作时间进行的,受访者可以向任何陪同他们的访问者请求帮助填写表格。

2.2. 研究内容

该问卷是系统性的回顾分析,检查了医生的着装对患者的偏好和满意度的作用。每个问题都试图引出人们对各种形式的医生着装的偏好,包括:正装,休闲装,手术服,正装外加白大褂,休闲装外加白大褂,手术服外加白大褂(图1)。本次研究对象中,大多数受访者为女性(76.1%)。过一半的受访者受过高等教育(77%),年龄在26岁至34岁之间(48%),绝大多数来着汉族(95.6%)。研究对象和研究地点的特征(表1)。

Figure 1. Doctors wear formal wear, casual wear, scrubs, formal wear and a white coat, casual wear and a white coat, and scrubs and a white coat

图1. 医生装着正装、休闲装、手术服、正装外加白大褂、休闲装外加白大褂、手术服外加白大褂

Table 1. Demographic information of participates

表1. 参与者人口统计信息

表1:人口统计学变量。受访者以汉族女性为主,年龄绝大多数在26~54岁;大部分的受访者学历在高中以上。

2.3. 统计学方法

采用SPSS 17.0统计软件系统处理数据,计量资料用独立样本t检验表示,计数资料用百分率表示,率的比较采用多样本多重比较的c2检验;P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

3. 结果

3.1. 男女医生的着装偏好

不管是男医生还是女医生,最受欢迎的穿衣组合是休闲装 + 白大褂。相较于男医生,女医生衬衣西裤 + 白大褂的组合更受欢迎,其次是手术衣 + 白大褂。男性与女性服装对比差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表2

Table 2. Clothing preference between male and female patients

表2. 男女医生的着装偏好

S&T:衬衫和裤子;S&T + WC:衬衫和裤子 + 白色外套;BS:西装;SG:手术服;SG + WC:手术服+ 白大褂;CC:休闲服装;CC + WC:便服 + 白大褂。

3.2. 男性和女性患者的服装偏好

女性受访者对男医生穿着是休闲服 + 白大褂更易得到信任,更容易接受该服装医生给出对诊疗方案,其次是衬衫西裤 + 白大褂的穿衣组合;女医生的穿着是衬衫西裤 + 白大褂,其次是休闲服 + 白大褂的穿衣组合。男性受访者对男医生穿着是休闲服 + 白大褂更易得到信任,更容易接受该服装医生给出对诊疗方案,其次是手术衣 + 白大褂的穿衣组合;女医生的穿着是手术衣 + 白大褂,其次是休闲服 + 白大褂的穿衣组合。男性和女性患者的服装偏好差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表3

Table 3. Clothing preference of male and female doctor

表3. 男性和女性患者的服装偏好

S&T:衬衫和裤子;S&T + WC:衬衫和裤子 + 白色外套;BS:西装;SG:手术服;SG + WC:手术服 + 白大褂;CC:休闲服装;CC + WC:便服 + 白大褂。

4. 讨论

我们报告了410名患者在临床背景、医生类型和患者的社会人口学特征上对医生着装的偏好。我们的发现证实了先前描述患者对临床医生的外观有意识和无意识的偏好。本次研究旨在强调医生着装对医患关系的潜在重要性。事实上,特定的临床和背景方面似乎影响了患者对“职业着装”的先入之见 [8] [9] 。在现有的国外研究中也证明了患者对其医生的着装抱有期望,并且这些期望取决于社会文化规范、背景和患者因素。例如:社会文化规范方面:患者的着装期望往往受到他们所处的社会文化规范的影响。不同的文化和社会群体对于医生的着装可能有不同的期望。例如,在一些文化中,传统的医生白大褂可能被视为专业和可靠的象征,而在其他文化中,可能更注重医生的个人风格和表现 [7] 。背景因素的考虑:患者的个人背景也可以影响他们对医生着装的期望。年龄、教育水平、宗教信仰和职业等因素都可能对患者的观点产生影响。例如,一些患者可能更倾向于传统的医疗服装,而另一些可能更加开放和灵活。患者因素的重要性:患者自身的情况和需求也会影响他们对医生着装的看法。例如,患有严重疾病的患者可能更注重医生的专业形象,因为他们寻求高度专业的医疗建议。相比之下,一般健康的人可能对医生的着装更加宽容。医疗场景的不同:医生的着装期望也可能因医疗场景的不同而有所不同。在急诊室或手术室中,患者可能更注重医生的卫生和专业性,而在一般门诊诊所中,患者的期望可能较为宽松 [10] [11] 。

在本次研究前期,我们预调查(50份),经专家组讨论并应用临床的调研,证实了本次研究的可行性、科学性和临床的实用性。我们使用一种标准化的调查工具,照片序列随机化降低了排序、启动和锚定偏倚的风险。我们还使用了包含具有相同姿势、面部表情、灯光和背景的医生模型的照片 [12] [13] [14] [15] ,减少背景和面部表情等因素对该问卷调查产生影响。

本次研究有几个局限性,第一。与其他关于医生着装的研究一样,在本次调查工具中,包括一名男性或女性医生在决定他们选择医生着装时的照片,这可能不能反映现实世界的偏好 [16] 。第二,本次研究只有410患者参与,样本量小。第三,我们无法推断为什么患者会有他们所持有的偏好。未来的工作可能希望让患者了解这种期望背后的驱动因素,也许能更好地告知医生的着装政策。最后,着装也可能影响医生的自我感知,改变他们的权威感、可信度和能力感,并通过这种途径影响医疗保健的质量 [8] [17] [18] 。

文章引用

林 暄,许伟杰,郭仲杰,郭建波,黎 静,钟媛媛. 患者对医生职业服装偏好的研究分析
An Analysis of Patients’ Preference for Doctors’ Professional Clothing[J]. 临床医学进展, 2023, 13(11): 18077-18083. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2023.13112538

参考文献

  1. 1. Carugno, J., Timmons, D., Grady, M., Lederer, M., Rapisarda, A.M.C. and Laganà, A.S. (2020) Impact of Physician At-tire on Patients’ Impression of Their Gynecologist: Results from a Large Single-Center Survey Analysis. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, 254, 266-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.09.040

  2. 2. Houchens, N., Saint, S., Petrilli, C., Kuhn, L., Ratz, D., De Lott, L., Zollinger, M., Sax, H., Kamata, K., Kuriyama, A., Tokuda, Y., Fumagalli, C., Virgili, G., Fumagalli, S. and Chopra, V. (2022) International Patient Preferences for Physician Attire: Results from Cross-Sectional Studies in Four Countries across Three Continents. BMJ Open, 12, e061092. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061092

  3. 3. Zollinger, M., Houchens, N., Chopra, V., Clack, L., Schreiber, P.W., Kuhn, L., Snyder, A., Saint, S., Petrilli, C.M. and Sax, H. (2019) Understanding Patient Preference for Physician Attire in Ambulatory Clinics: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. BMJ Open, 9, e026009. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026009

  4. 4. Hedges, M.S., Tolaymat, L.M., Haskell, N.K., Prier, C., Walk-er, A.L., Haga, C., Li, Z., Yin, M., McManus, M. and Dawson, N. (2023) Patient Perception of Physician Attire before and after the COVID-19 Global Pandemic Began. Journal of Patient Experience, 10, 23743735231203115. https://doi.org/10.1177/23743735231203115

  5. 5. Petrilli, C.M., Saint, S., Jennings, J.J., Caruso, A., Kuhn, L., Snyder, A. and Chopra, V. (2018) Understanding Patient Preference for Physician Attire: A Cross-Sectional Observa-tional Study of 10 Academic Medical Centres in the USA. BMJ Open, 8, e021239. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021239

  6. 6. Xu, X., Lu, Z., Liu, Z., Han, Y., Zhang, Y. and Shen, L. (2023) Patient Preferences for Anesthesiologist Attire during Preoperative Visits in China: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Patient Preference and Adherence, 2023, 2421-2431. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S430942

  7. 7. Zou, Y., Wang, Y., Song, Y., Liu, S., Zhang, Z., Wang, L., Zhang, J., Geng, R., Zheng, Z. and Chen, Y. (2023) Patients’ Preference for Physician Attire in the Internal Medicine Outpatient Department. BioMed Research International, 2023, Article ID 2992888. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2992888

  8. 8. Slepian, M.L., Ferber, S.N., Gold, J.M. and Rutchick, A.M. (2015) The Cognitive Consequences of Formal Clothing. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 6, 661-668. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550615579462

  9. 9. Mun, H.W., Kim, J.H., Ahn, J.H., Chang, I.B., Song, J.H. and Oh, J.K. (2019) Patient’s Preference on Neurosurgeon’s Attire and Appearance: A Single Center Study in Korea Cross-Sectional Study. BioMed Research International, 2019, Article ID 3893049. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3893049

  10. 10. Zahrina, A.Z., Haymond, P., Rosanna, P., Ho, R., Rajini, A.R., Low, B.T. and Lee, P.Y. (2018) Does the Attire of a Primary Care Physician Affect Patients’ Perceptions and Their Levels of Trust in the Doctor? Malaysian Family Physician, 13, 3-11.

  11. 11. Kamata, K., Kuriyama, A., Chopra, V., Saint, S., Houchens, N., Petrilli, C.M., Kuhn, L., Snyder, A., Ishimaru, N. and Takahashi, H. (2020) Patient Preferences for Phy-sician Attire: A Multicenter Study in Japan. Journal of Hospital Medicine, 15, 204-210. https://doi.org/10.12788/jhm.3350

  12. 12. Clark, M., Shuja, A., Thomas, A., Steinberg, S., Geffen, J., Malespin, M. and de Melo Jr., S.W. (2018) Patients’ Perceptions of Gastroenterologists’ Attire in the Clinic and Endoscopy Suite. An-nals of Gastroenterology, 31, 237-240. https://doi.org/10.20524/aog.2017.0223

  13. 13. Traeger, A.C., Skinner, I.W., Hübscher, M., Henschke, N., Moseley, G.L. and McAuley, J.H. (2017) What You Wear Does Not Affect the Credibility of Your Treatment: A Blinded Ran-domized Controlled Study. Patient Education and Counseling, 100, 104-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2016.08.009

  14. 14. Batais, M.A. (2014) Patients’ Attitudes toward the Attire of Male Physicians: A Single-Center Study in Saudi Arabia. Annals of Saudi Medicine, 34, 383-389. https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2014.383

  15. 15. Sax, L., Wong, K., Shetty, K.R., Devaiah, A.K., Levi, J. and Grillone, G.A. (2021) Investigating Patient Preferences in Medical Student Attire in the Outpatient Otolaryngology Set-ting. Ear, Nose & Throat Journal, 100, NP269-NP273. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145561319871911

  16. 16. Kurihara, H., Maeno, T. and Maeno, T. (2014) Importance of Physicians’ Attire: Factors Influencing the Impression It Makes on Patients, a Cross-Sectional Study. Asia Pacific Family Medicine, 13, Article Number: 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1447-056X-13-2

  17. 17. Peluchette, J.V. and Karl, K. (2007) The Impact of Workplace Attire on Employee Self-Perceptions. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 18, 345-360. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.1208

  18. 18. Adam, H. and Galinsky, A.D. (2012) Enclothed Cognition. Journal of Ex-perimental Social Psychology, 48, 918-925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2012.02.008

  19. NOTES

    *第一作者。

    #通讯作者。

期刊菜单