Advances in Clinical Medicine
Vol. 13  No. 09 ( 2023 ), Article ID: 72781 , 7 pages
10.12677/ACM.2023.1392093

肿瘤间质浸润淋巴细胞与乳腺癌新辅助化疗 效果的相关性

姬文莉,陈海霞,王翠翠,刘艳梅,岳娜,张焕*

新疆医科大学第三临床医学院(附属肿瘤医院)病理科,新疆 乌鲁木齐

收稿日期:2023年8月19日;录用日期:2023年9月14日;发布日期:2023年9月20日

摘要

目的:评估乳腺癌穿刺标本中肿瘤间质浸润淋巴细胞(stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, sTILs)与新辅助化疗效果的相关性。方法:收集126例乳腺癌穿刺标本及其新辅助化疗后手术切除标本,评估穿刺标本中HE切片肿瘤区域内sTILs的比例与新辅助化疗后手术标本治疗效果的相关性,并复习相关文献。结果:乳腺癌治疗前穿刺标本中sTILs高水平表达与新辅助化疗病理完全缓解(pathologiccomplete response, pCR)呈正相关,sTILs的浸润密度与ER状态、PR状态及分子亚型差异有统计学意义。结论:乳腺癌治疗前穿刺标本中肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞中sTILs比例可作为新辅助化疗有效性的预测指标,提示高水平sTILs的患者更容易获得pCR,特别是在三阴或Her-2阳性的乳腺癌患者,对患者的个体化精准治疗方案的选择提供更多的因素。

关键词

肿瘤间质浸润淋巴细胞,新辅助化疗,乳腺癌,病理完全缓解

The Correlation between Tumor Interstitial Infiltrating Lymphocytes and the Effect of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer

Wenli Ji, Haixia Chen, Cuicui Wang, Yanmei Liu, Na Yue, Huan Zhang*

Department of Pathology, Third Clinical Medical College (Affiliated Cancer Hospital), Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi Xinjiang

Received: Aug. 19th, 2023; accepted: Sep. 14th, 2023; published: Sep. 20th, 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) in breast cancer puncture specimens and the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: 126 cases of breast cancer biopsy specimens and surgical resection specimens after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were collected. The correlation between the proportion of sTILs in the tumor area of HE section in the biopsy specimens and the therapeutic effect of surgical specimens after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was evaluated, and the relevant literature was reviewed. Results: The high expression of sTILs in the biopsy specimens of breast cancer before treatment was positively correlated with the pathologic complete response (pCR) of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The infiltration density of sTILs was significantly different from ER status, PR status and molecular subtypes. Conclusion: The proportion of sTILs in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in pre-treatment puncture specimens of breast cancer can be used as a predictor of the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, suggesting that patients with high levels of sTILs are more likely to obtain pCR, especially in triple-negative or Her-2-positive breast cancer patients, providing more factors for the choice of individualized precise treatment options for patients.

Keywords:Stromal Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes, Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy, Breast Cancer, Pathological Complete Response

Copyright © 2023 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

1. 引言

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,发病率有逐年上升的趋势,新辅助化疗作为乳腺癌患者的一种全身辅助治疗,有利于降低肿瘤分期,使手术顺利进行,但并不是所有患者都对新辅助化疗敏感,对于化疗无效的乳腺癌患者,术前的化疗只会增加患者的痛苦和延误手术时机,因此能找到可以预测治疗有效率的指标就显得至关重要。目前研究认为肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TILs)对乳腺癌预后有明确的预测作用,将是乳腺癌治疗的一个新进展,在所有亚型的乳腺癌中,肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞在介导对化学疗法的反应和改善临床结局方面都起着至关重要的作用,如三阴性乳腺癌(TN)最有可能具有 > 50%淋巴细胞浸润的肿瘤,被称为淋巴细胞为主的乳腺癌,每增加10%的TILs可获得最大的生存获益,表明TILs的增加可改善患者的预后和对新辅助化疗的反应 [1] [2] 。本研究对新疆地区新辅助化疗乳腺癌患者穿刺标本中肿瘤间质浸润淋巴细胞与治疗效果的关系进行分析,验证sTILs作为治疗预测指标的有效性,为患者的个体化精准治疗提供更多的因素。

2. 材料与方法

2.1. 材料

收集126例新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院2016~2017年具有完整病历资料的新辅助化疗的浸润性乳腺癌(非特殊型),调取患者化疗前穿刺标本和化疗后根治标本的所有病历资料,均为女性,年龄25~69岁,中位年龄49岁;107例患者新辅助化疗采用常用的紫杉类、双阻滞治疗;33例患者病理检查确诊为pCR,pCR检出率为26.2% (33/126)。

2.2. 方法

乳腺癌标本均用10%中性缓冲福尔马林固定,石蜡包埋,3~4 μm切片,分别做常规HE染色,光学显微镜观察。免疫组化染色采用EnVision两步法,检测ER、PR、Her-2、Ki-67基本生物标记物的表达,抗体及试剂盒均购自北京中杉金桥公司。

2.3. 结果判读

HE切片中sTILs的评估基于国际TIL工作组的建议,sTILs是在高倍视野(× 200)下观察肿瘤边界内单核细胞(包括淋巴细胞和浆细胞)占据的间质面积占总肿瘤内间质面积的百分比(不是间质中淋巴细胞的百分比),取整个切片区域的平均值;排除肿瘤区域内原位癌、正常小叶周围、人为挤压、坏死及玻璃样变的sTILs,大致分为三组:低密度组(< 10%)、中密度组(10%至39%)和高密度组(≥ 40%) [1] [3] 。ER、PR的判定标准为:肿瘤细胞核着色 ≥ 1%定义为阳性。Her-23+或Her-22+且FISH检测有扩增为HER-2阳性型。新辅助化疗采用Miller-Payne分级系统评估,pCR指乳腺原发灶无浸润性癌(可存在导管原位癌)且区域淋巴结阴性,即原发灶MP5级且淋巴结阴性 [4] 。研究中33例MP5级患者均淋巴结阴性归入pCR。所有病例均由两位经验丰富的高级职称病理医师进行综合评估。

2.4. 统计学方法

所有研究数据采用SPSS 23.0进行处理,采用χ2检验或Fisher’s精确检验对各相关参数进行组间比较,P < 0.05为差异具有统计学意义。

3. 结果

3.1. sTILs与临床病理因素的关系

观察术前穿刺组织整个肿瘤区域中sTILs的水平,sTILs的平均值为20% (范围1~64.5),中位数为14%。低密度组、中密度组和高密度组分别为25.4% (n = 32)、57.9% (n = 73)和16.7% (n = 21)。sTILs的浸润密度与ER状态、PR状态及分子亚型差异有统计学意义,表明ER阴性、PR阴性及Her-2阳性与三阴型乳腺癌中sTILs高水平表达,而与患者年龄、民族、肿瘤大小、组织学分级、淋巴结转移、Her-2及Ki-67状态无相关性(表1图1)。

Table 1. The relationship between sTILs and clinicopathological factors

表1. sTILs与临床病理因素的关系

(a) (b)

Figure 1. The expression level of sTILs in breast cancer biopsy specimens. (a) 5% of sTILs low density group (HE staining); (b) 60% of sTILs high density group (HE staining)

图1. 乳腺癌穿刺标本中sTILs的表达水平。(a) sTILs低密度组5% (HE染色);(b) sTILs高密度组60% (HE染色)

3.2. sTILs与新辅助化疗效果的关系

新辅助化疗MP分级、pCR反应率均与sTILs的浸润密度差异有统计学意义,中高密度组与低密度组相比有好的治疗反应率,sTILs高水平的Her-2阳性(HR阴性)与三阴型乳腺癌中新辅助治疗pCR反应率更有效(表2图2)。

Table 2. The relationship between sTILs and the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy

表2. sTILs与新辅助化疗效果的关系

(a)(b)

Figure 2. Distribution of sTILs and pCR in molecular subtypes of breast cancer. (a) High expression of sTILs in Her-2 positive (HR negative) and triple negative breast cancer; (b) the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy for pCR in Her-2 positive (HR negative) and triple negative breast cancer, the difference between Luminal A and Luminal B suggests the role of PR status in pCR

图2. 乳腺癌分子亚型中sTILs与pCR分布情况。(a) Her-2阳性(HR阴性)与三阴型乳腺癌中sTILs高水平表达;(b) Her-2阳性(HR阴性)与三阴型乳腺癌中新辅助治疗pCR的有效性,Luminal A与Luminal B的差异对比更提示了PR状态在pCR中的作用

4. 讨论

乳腺癌是一种高度异质性肿瘤,基于对治疗药物的敏感性和临床疗效的差异,实施个性化治疗是提高乳腺癌预后的有效措施。治疗最重要的目标之一是确定可靠的预后和预测标志物。因此,在使用疗效不明的药物之前,从活检标本中找到预测新辅助化疗pCR的指标尤为重要。研究表明肿瘤微环境在肿瘤的形成、生长、侵袭和转移中起着重要作用,肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TILs)的存在及其组成与预后和对癌症治疗的反应显著相关,Gao等 [5] 人对18,170名不同分子亚型的乳腺癌患者进行分析,证实在三阴性和HER2阳性的分子亚型中,TILs高表达与新辅助化疗后病理完全反应(pCR)率增加及OS改善显著相关,而在luminal分子亚型中,TILs的高表达与新辅助化疗后的高pCR率无显著相关性,高TILs与低的OS有显著相关性,证实了高TILs和有利的生存率相关,并预测了具有三阴性和HER2阳性分子亚型的患者的pCR反应率。TILs为离开血液并进入肿瘤的单核免疫细胞,包括细胞毒性T细胞和辅助T细胞的混合物的细胞群,以及B细胞、巨噬细胞、自然杀伤细胞和树突状细胞,它们是肿瘤微环境(TME)的重要组成部分 [6] 。除了TILs的密度外,TILs的亚型和位置也被视为TILs预测价值的重要因素 [7] ,特别是高水平的CD8+细胞和高CD8/CD4比率与pCR反应率相关 [8] 。也有研究表明高TILs的水平与PD-L1阳性表达相关,数据显示TILs ≥ 20%的病例几乎都是PD-L1阳性 [9] [10] 。尽管对TILs与乳腺癌预后之间的关联进行了广泛研究,但其预后价值仍然复杂且有争议,淋巴细胞亚群的影响仍不清楚 [11] [12] 。TILs是宿主免疫系统对肿瘤抗原存在免疫反应的标志,反映了肿瘤床内免疫反应的强度。根据浸润部位,TILs可分为瘤内(iTILs)和基质(sTILs),虽然两者都与结果相关,但sTILs更普遍,评估结果更具重复性 [1] [13] 。本研究继续验证sTILs作为治疗预测指标的有效性,为患者的个体化精准治疗提供更多的因素。

研究表明sTILs与乳腺癌新辅助治疗pCR密切相关,但肿瘤细胞与免疫系统之间的相互作用复杂,肿瘤的微环境受多种因素的影响,不同的乳腺癌亚型sTILs的水平有差异表达,在HER-2阳性和三阴性乳腺癌中表现得尤为明显 [5] [14] 。本研究中sTILs的浸润密度与低的ER、PR状态及分子亚型多种临床病理因素相关,显示了在Her-2阳性(HR阴性)与三阴型乳腺癌中sTILs高水平表达;疗效分析中sTILs的浸润密度与新辅助化疗MP分级及pCR密切相关,中高密度组与低密度组相比有好的pCR反应率,与以往研究相一致。Li等 [15] 人的研究不仅表明了TILs水平的增加与新辅助化疗反应率的增加以及三阴和HER2阳性乳腺癌症分子亚型的预后改善有关,而且发现20%的TILs阈值是pCR最有力的预后指标。本研究按照TILs工作组的三级分类标准,sTILs以10%为界的低密度组与中或高密度组的pCR反应率有显著差异。与Foldi等 [16] 人的方法相一致,Foldi研究显示TILs高病例的pCR率为57%,中等病例为60%,低病例为29%有统计学差异。不同研究中sTILs高与低的截止值各有不同,多集中在10%、20%、40%及50%,类似与Li等人的sTILs最佳阈值有待进一步研究 [17] 。

本研究结果表明,在HER-2阳性和三阴性乳腺癌中sTILs高水平表达可作为患者新辅助治疗pCR反应率的预测指标,验证了sTILs作为治疗预测指标的有效性。研究中我们发现Her-2阳性(HR阴性)与三阴性乳腺癌中新辅助治疗pCR的有效性,以及Luminal A与Luminal B的差异对比更提示了PR状态在pCR中的作用,表明PR阴性患者有好的新辅助治疗效果,本组将进一步深入多因素研究,与单一生物标志物相比,验证联合指标评估在预测pCR方面是否更加准确。

基金项目

新疆医科大学科研创新基金项目(XYDCX201658);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2021D01C398)。

文章引用

姬文莉,陈海霞,王翠翠,刘艳梅,岳 娜,张 焕. 肿瘤间质浸润淋巴细胞与乳腺癌新辅助化疗效果的相关性
The Correlation between Tumor Interstitial Infiltrating Lymphocytes and the Effect of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer[J]. 临床医学进展, 2023, 13(09): 14960-14966. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2023.1392093

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  18. NOTES

    *通讯作者。

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