Advances in Clinical Medicine
Vol. 13  No. 10 ( 2023 ), Article ID: 74129 , 8 pages
10.12677/ACM.2023.13102338

单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白比值对冠心病患者 不良心血管事件预测价值的分析

马清玉1,吐尔孙阿依·依斯米提拉2,马艺萍2,穆叶赛·尼加提3*

1石河子大学医学院,新疆 石河子

2新疆医科大学研究生院,新疆 乌鲁木齐

3新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院急救中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐

收稿日期:2023年9月23日;录用日期:2023年10月16日;发布日期:2023年10月23日

摘要

目的:探讨冠心病(CHD)患者单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白比值(MHR)预测近期心血管不良事件发生的价值。方法:选取2021年6月至2022年6月,在新疆自治区人民医院心内科确诊并收治的冠心病患者90例作为研究对象,记录随访CHD患者1年内出现的死亡、心肌梗死、再次血运重建等不良事件,根据其是否发生不良心血管事件(MACEs)分为MACEs组(14例),未发生MACEs组(76例)。根据MHR水平将患者分为高MHR组和低MHR组,比较两组间发生MACEs的区别。绘制ROC工作曲线分析MHR预测冠心病不良事件的预测价值。结果:MACEs组性别、年龄、BMI、吸烟史、饮酒史、收缩压、血小板、D-二聚体、AST、ALT、血糖、肌酐等结果均无统计学差异(P > 0.05)。非MACEs组MHR、单核细胞水平低于MACEs组(P < 0.05)。单因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,MHR (OR = 20.695, 95% CI: 2.546~168.186, P = 0.005),MHR与冠心病患者发生MACEs有相关性,多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,MHR (OR = 122.128, 95% CI: 4.213~3839.963, P = 0.005)是冠心病患者MACE的危险因素。MHR预测发生MACEs的AUC、敏感度、特异性、最佳阶段点、最大约登指数分别为0.787 (95% CI: 0. 657~0.916)、71.4%、73.7%、0.60、0.45。高MHR组主要不良心血管事件发生率为33.33% (10/30),高于低MHR组6.67% (4/60),P < 0.05。结论:MHR是冠心病不良事件的危险因素,检测MHR水平对预测冠心病患者发生MACEs有一定价值。

关键词

冠心病,单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白比值,预后

Predictive Value of Monocyte to High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio for Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

Qingyu Ma1, Yisimitila·Tuersunayi2, Yiping Ma2, Nijiati·Muyesai3*

1School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang

2Graduate School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi Xinjiang

3Emergency Center of Xinjiang Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, Urumqi Xinjiang

Received: Sep. 23rd, 2023; accepted: Oct. 16th, 2023; published: Oct. 23rd, 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the value of monocyte to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) in predicting in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Method: A total of 90 patients with coronary heart disease diagnosed and treated in the Department of Cardiology of Xinjiang Autonomous Region People’s Hospital from June 2021 to June 2022 were selected as the study objects. Adverse events such as death, myocardial infarction and revascularization in CHD patients within 1 year of follow-up were recorded. They were divided into MACEs group (14 cases) and MACEs group (76 cases) according to whether they had adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Divide patients into high MHR group and low MHR group based on MHR levels, and compare the differences in the occurrence of MACEs between the two groups. Draw ROC working curves to analyze the predictive value of MHR in predicting adverse events of coronary heart disease. Results: There were no significant differences in gender, age, BMI, smoking history, drinking history, systolic blood pressure, platelet, D-dimer, AST, ALT, blood glucose and creatinine in MACEs group (P > 0.05). The levels of MHR and monocyte in non-MACES group were lower than those in MACEs group (P < 0.05). The single factor logistic regression analysis results showed that MHR (OR = 20.695, 95% CI: 2.546~168.186, P = 0.005), there is a correlation between MHR and the occurrence of MACEs in patients with coronary heart disease. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that MHR (OR = 122.228, 95% CI: 4.213~3839.963, P = 0.005) is a risk factor for MACE in patients with coronary heart disease. The AUC, sensitivity, specificity, optimal stage point and maximum Jordan index for predicting the occurrence of MACEs by MHR were 0.787 (95% CI: 0657~0 916), 71.4%, 73.7%, 0.60, 0.45. The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events in the high MHR group was 33.33% (10/30), which was higher than 6.67% (4/60) in the low MHR group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: MHR is a risk factor for adverse CHD events, and detecting MHR levels has certain value in predicting the occurrence of MACEs in coronary heart disease patients in the short term.

Keywords:Coronary Heart Disease, Monocyte to High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio, Prognosis

Copyright © 2023 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

1. 引言

冠心病(CHD, coronary heart disease)是冠状动脉中的脂质斑块沉积导致冠脉变窄、闭塞,进而影响心脏血供,造成心肌缺血、缺氧的一组疾病,是全球引起死亡的主要疾病之一 [1] 。相关文献报道,近几年我国冠心病新增人数占全球的38.2%,是所有国家中最高的 [2] ,2019年我国城市居民和农村居民冠心病死亡率分别为121.59/10万和130.14/10万 [3] 。这为我国的医疗卫生事业增加了巨大的负担。随着医疗技术水平的不断提高,药物治疗和血管介入技术的不断进展,冠心病患者初次发作后的生存率有了明显提高,但是确诊后发生后续心血管不良事件的风险仍然很高 [4] 。目前仍然无法预料冠心病患者预后是否会发生心血管不良事件,因此早期快速准确地判断冠心病的危险分层,针对性地去治疗和预防对患者的预后至关重要 [5] 。预测患者预后发生不良事件的情况结合冠心病二级预防措施管理患者,有望改善患者预后。因此发掘预测冠心病患者预后的手段很有意义。

目前人们普遍认为循环中血脂水平偏高会增加动脉脂质斑块形成的风险,进而导致冠心病的发生。高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)是动脉硬化性心血管病的保护因子,与冠心病的发生密切相关,HDL-C功能障碍可能在动脉粥样硬化中起关键作用 [6] 。HDL-C可以抑制动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成,同时可以抑制单核细胞的活化,从而在冠心病中发挥抗炎、抗氧化的作用 [7] 。CHD的发生和发展过程离不开慢性炎症的参与,炎症紊乱是动脉粥样斑块不稳定和发展的驱动因素 [8] 。单核细胞由骨髓中的造血干细胞衍生而来的粒细胞–单核细胞祖细胞和单核–树突状细胞祖细胞分化产生,约占外周血白细胞的5%;是人体免疫系统的主要组成部分,也是许多炎症的关键驱动因素 [9] 。单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白比值(MHR, monocyte to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio)反映机体炎症状态的指标 [10] 。在监测炎症方面具有很大的潜力,是近些年研究的热点。本研究通过观察冠心病患者MHR比值,探讨冠心病患者入院MHR比值对冠心病发生MACEs的预测价值。

2. 资料与方法

2.1. 研究对象

以2021年6月~2022年5月心内科确诊并收治的冠心病患者90例作为研究对象。其中男性49名,女性41名,年龄42~78 (59.68 ± 12.18)岁。

2.2. 纳入排除标准

因胸痛就诊且经冠脉造影明确诊断冠心病;所有纳入患者遵循知情同意原则,并签署知情同意书。排除标准:① 严重肝肾功能不全;② 肿瘤性疾病;③ 造血系统疾病;④ 类风湿、系统性红斑狼疮和干燥综合征;⑤ 脑梗塞和肺栓塞;⑥ 重症感染;⑦ 未行冠脉造影检查及未经知情同意的患者。

2.3. 随访方法

自病人出院后1年开始随访,随访时长为1周,采用电话、微信等方式记录CHD患者1年内出现的复发心绞痛、心肌梗死、再次血运重建、死亡等不良事件发生情况。根据其是否发生不良心血管事件(MACEs)分为MACEs组(14例),未发生MACEs组(76例)。

2.4. 实验方法

检测单核细胞计数、高密度脂蛋白水平测定(全自动生化分析仪);MHR = 单核细胞计数(×109/L)/血清HDL-C水平(mmol/L)。

2.5. 标本收集

所有研究对象在冠状动脉造影前静息状态下采集外周血样标本并放入含EDTA的抗凝管充分混匀。用于相关指标测定。

2.6. 资料收集

通过医院电子病历系统调取患者一般资料(年龄、性别、身高、体重、入院血压等),以及生化指(血常规、肝功能、肾功能、血脂分析、心肌损伤标志物等),同时收集冠脉造影结果。

2.7. 统计方法

数据分析用SPSS 21.0。采用SPSS 21.0软件进行数据分析。定量资料且符合正态分布用均数 ± 标准差(x ± s)表示,采用t检验;不符合正态分布用中位数(四分位间距)表示,采用非参数检验;定性资料以例数表示,采用卡方检验;利用制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析MHR水平对冠心病患者发生MACEs的预测价值。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

3. 结果

3.1. MACEs组和非MACEs组基线资料比较

两组BMI、收缩压、吸烟史、饮酒史、红细胞计数、血小板计数、LDH、AST、ALT、总蛋白、白蛋白、总胆固醇、肌酐、甘油三酯、血糖等指标无明显差异(P > 0.05),MACEs组年龄42~78 (55.86 ± 12.89)岁,男8例,女6例。未发生MACEs组年龄46~77 (60.38 ± 12.00)岁,男41例,女35例。两组年龄(t = 1.128, P = 0.203)、性别(χ2 = 0.049, P = 0.825),差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。详见表1

Table 1. Comparison of two sets of baseline data

表1. 两组基线资料比较

3.2. 两组间MHR比较

非MACEs组单核细胞计数、MHR水平均低于MACEs组(P < 0.05),两组高密度脂蛋白水平比较无显著差异(P > 0.05)。详见表2

Table 2. Comparison results of MHR levels between two groups

表2. 两组MHR水平比较结果

3.3. 不同MHR组患者预后

以MHR最佳阶段点(0.60)将患者分为高MHR组(n = 30)和低MHR组(n = 60)。高MHR主要不良心血管事件发生率为33.33% (10/30),高于低MHR组6.67% (4/60),差异显著(P < 0.05)。

3.4. MHR对冠心病患者近期MACEs的预测

将MHR评分分别纳入单因素Logistic回归分析。单因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,MHR (OR = 20.695, 95% CI: 2.546~168.186, P = 0.005),MHR与冠心病患者发生MACEs有相关性。在去除性别、年龄、吸烟史、饮酒史、BMI、血糖、尿酸等混杂因素的影响下,MHR (OR = 122.128, 95% CI: 4.213~3839.963, P = 0.005)是冠心病患者MACE的危险因素,详见表3

Table 3. Results of MACES single factor and multivariate logistic regression analysis

表3. MACES 单因素及多因素logistic回归分析结果

3.5. MHR预测冠心病患者的效能(图1)

预后不良组患者MHR水平为0.73 (0.51, 1.10),高于预后良好组患者0.461 (0.34, 0.62),差异显著(Z = −3.396, P < 0.001)。MHR预测发生MACEs的AUC、敏感度、特异性、最佳阶段点、最大约登指数分别为0.787 (95% CI: 0.657~0.916)、71.4%、73.7%、0.60、0.45。

Figure 1. Analysis of the R-O-C curve and the predictive value of MHR on the occurrence of coronary heart disease MACEs

图1. ROC曲线分析MHR对冠心病MACEs发生的预测值

4. 讨论

CHD是由动脉粥样硬化发展而来的慢性心血管疾病,是世界范围内致残和死亡的主要原因之一,临床表现为心绞痛、心肌梗死及心源性猝死 [11] 。随着人们生活水平的提高,肥胖、糖尿病等冠心病的风险因素也随之增加,导致冠心病的发病率居高不下 [12] 。虽然目前冠心病的诊断和治疗方面已经有了很大的改善,但对于患者发生院外不良事件预测手段仍然没有很好的手段。早期预测到预后不良并加以预防,对于冠心病的管理至关重要。

胆固醇是一种甾醇化合物,分为高密度脂蛋白,低密度脂蛋白和极低密度脂蛋白。众所周知,LDL与冠心病风险增加相关,而HDL对冠心病和全因死亡率具有保护作用 [13] ,HDL有助于促进血管松弛,抑制血细胞粘附在血管内皮上,减少血小板聚集性和凝血,从而维持内皮完整性 [14] 。HDL在心血管疾病中发挥着积极的作用。已经证明炎症是冠心病发生发展过程中的驱动因素 [15] ,而单核细胞在炎症活动中发挥着重要的作用,单核细胞通过参与炎症参与动脉粥样硬化的发生发展 [16] 。单核细胞和HDL在动脉粥样硬化中重发挥着相反的作用。越来越多的研究表明,MHR可以作为冠心病的生物学标志物。Zhao等人的研究表明,MHR是冠心病的独立危险因素 [17] 。相关研究表明,冠状动脉粥样硬化的严重程度与MHR的水平呈正相关 [18] ,MHR对冠心病患者冠脉狭窄程度有很好的预测能力 [19] [20] [21] 。Chen等人的研究表明,与低MHR患者相比,高水平MHR的患者发生多血管病变的趋势更高 [18] 。我们的研究表明,未发生MACEs组患者MHR水平低于发生MACEs组,提示MHR水平可以预测冠心病患者MACEs事件。单因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,MHR (OR = 20.695, 95% CI: 2.546~168.186, P = 0.005),MHR与冠心病患者发生MACEs有相关性,去除性别、年龄、吸烟史、饮酒史、BMI、血糖、尿酸等混杂因素的影响下,MHR (OR = 122.128, 95% CI: 4.213~3839.963, P = 0.005)是冠心病患者MACE的危险因素。ROC曲线分析MHR预测冠心病患者发生MACEs的价值显示,MHR预测发生MACEs的效能为0.787,表明MHR评估冠心病患者发生MACEs方面效能较好,以MHR最佳截断值作为临界点,对比两组MACEs发生情况发现,高MHR组MACEs的发生率较高,提示MHR水平升高可能提示患者预后较差。综上所述,MHR在冠心病患者短期发生心血管不良事件方面有预测价值。

我们的研究仍然存在一些局限性。首先,我们无法追踪到冠心病患者入院前MHR的表达水平。在疾病的不同阶段,MHR可能会随之发生变化。其次,我们的结果来自于电话、微信等手段,这可能导致有信息偏倚,可能影响最终结果。另外,我们的患者来自单中心并且样本量较小,需要多中心、大样本进一步去验证。

5. 结论

综上所述,MHR与冠心病患者发生心血管不良事件有关,检测MHR水平对预测冠心病患者发生MACEs有一定价值。

文章引用

马清玉,吐尔孙阿依·依斯米提拉,马艺萍,穆叶赛·尼加提. 单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白比值对冠心病患者不良心血管事件预测价值的分析
Predictive Value of Monocyte to High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio for Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease[J]. 临床医学进展, 2023, 13(10): 16707-16714. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2023.13102338

参考文献

  1. 1. Kang, W. and Malvaso, A. (2023) Mental Health in Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Patients: Findings from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS). Healthcare (Basel), 11, Article No. 1364. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11101364

  2. 2. Dai, H., Much, A.A., Maor, E., et al. (2022) Global, Regional, and National Burden of Ischaemic Heart Disease and Its Attributable Risk Factors, 1990-2017: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. European Heart Journal—Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes, 8, 50-60. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjqcco/qcaa076

  3. 3. 胡盛寿, 王增武. 《中国心血管健康与疾病报告2022》概述[J]. 中国心血管病研究, 2023, 21(7): 577-600.

  4. 4. Sigamani, A. and Gupta, R. (2022) Revisiting Secondary Prevention in Coronary Heart Disease. Indian Heart Journal, 74, 431-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2022.11.011

  5. 5. Yan, S., Sha, S., Wang, D., et al. (2023) Association between Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio and Coronary Heart Disease in US Adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2009-2018. Coronary Artery Disease, 34, 111-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2022.11.011

  6. 6. Hirata, A., Kakino, A., Okamura, T., et al. (2020) The Relationship between Serum Levels of LOX-1 Ligand Containing ApoAI as a Novel Marker of Dysfunctional HDL and Coronary Artery Calcification in Middle-Aged Japanese Men. Atherosclerosis, 313, 20-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.09.013

  7. 7. Jiang, M., Yang, J., Zou, H., et al. (2022) Mono-cyte-to-High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Ratio (MHR) and the Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Nationwide Cohort Study in the United States. Lipids in Health and Disease, 21, Article No. 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-022-01638-6

  8. 8. Ma, M., Liu, Y., Wang, L., et al. (2022) Relationship between Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as Well as Other Leukocyte-Derived Ratios and Carotid Plaques in Patients with Coro-nary Heart Disease: A RCSCD-TCM Study. Journal of Inflammation Research, 15, 5141-5156. https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S375759

  9. 9. Shi, C. and Pamer, E.G. (2011) Monocyte Recruitment during Infection and Inflammation. Nature Reviews Immunology, 11, 762-774. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3070

  10. 10. Joshi, A., Bhambhani, A., Barure, R., et al. (2023) Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio as Markers of Stable Ischemic Heart Disease in Diabetic Patients: An Observational Study. Medicine (Baltimore), 102, e32735. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000032735

  11. 11. Kang, W. and Malvaso, A. (2023) Understanding Cognitive Deficits in People with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13, Article No. 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13020307

  12. 12. 《中国心血管健康与疾病报告2021》要点解读[J]. 中国心血管杂志, 2022, 27(4): 305-318.

  13. 13. Sundjaja, J.H. and Pandey, S. (2022) Cholesterol Screening. StatPearls, Treasure Is-land.

  14. 14. Calabresi, L., Gomaraschi, M. and Franceschini, G. (2003) Endothelial Protection by High-Density Lipopro-teins: From Bench to Bedside. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 23, 1724-1731. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000094961.74697.54

  15. 15. Wirtz, P.H. and Von Känel, R. (2017) Psychological Stress, Inflammation, and Coronary Heart Disease. Current Cardiology Reports, 19, Article No. 111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-017-0919-x

  16. 16. Xi, J., Men, S., Nan, J., et al. (2022) The Blood Monocyte to High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio (MHR) Is a Possible Marker of Carotid Artery Plaque. Lipids in Health and Disease, 21, Article No. 130. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-022-01741-8

  17. 17. Zhao, Z., Lian, H., Liu, Y., et al. (2023) Application of Systemic Inflammation Indices and Lipid Metabolism-Related Factors in Coronary Artery Disease. Coronary Artery Disease, 34, 306-313. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCA.0000000000001239

  18. 18. Chen, J., Wu, K., Cao, W., et al. (2023) Association be-tween Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Multi-Vessel Coronary Artery Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. Lipids in Health and Disease, 22, Article No. 121. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-023-01897-x

  19. 19. Ucar, F.M. (2016) A Potential Marker of Bare Metal Stent Restenosis: Monocyte Count-to-HDL Cholesterol Ratio. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 16, Article No. 186. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-016-0367-3

  20. 20. Du, G.L., Liu, F., Liu, H., et al. (2023) Monocyte-to-High Den-sity Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio Positively Predicts Coronary Artery Disease and Multi-Vessel Lesions in Acute Cor-onary Syndrome. International Journal of General Medicine, 16, 3857-3868. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S419579

  21. 21. Liu, M., Liu, X., Wei, Z., et al. (2022) MHR and NHR but Not LHR Were Associated with Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Chest Pain with Controlled LDL-C. Journal of Investi-gative Medicine, 70, 1501-1507. https://doi.org/10.1136/jim-2021-002314

  22. NOTES

    *通讯作者。

期刊菜单