Advances in Clinical Medicine
Vol. 10  No. 12 ( 2020 ), Article ID: 39261 , 9 pages
10.12677/ACM.2020.1012457

血脂康联合瑞舒伐他汀对动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病患者调脂疗效的研究

张丽艳1*,陈瞳2,张利方2,薛竺雨2,郭孝兹2,丁巍2,张雪娟2#

1青岛大学,山东 青岛

2青岛大学附属医院全科医学科,山东 青岛

收稿日期:2020年11月21日;录用日期:2020年12月15日;发布日期:2020年12月22日

摘要

目的:评估血脂康联合瑞舒伐他汀对动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)患者调脂程度、达标率及安全性的影响。方法:将符合纳排标准的ASCVD患者按随机数字表法分为血脂康组(A组)、瑞舒伐他汀组(B组)、联合用药组(C组)。在治疗前后检测血浆TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C,监测副反应,比较治疗前后颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、斑块积分(Crouse积分)、斑块稳定性、LDL-C达标率变化。结果:3组除HDL-C升高外,TC、TG、LDL-C均下降,C组、B组、A组降LDL-C效果依次递减(PA:B < 0.001, PA:C < 0.001, PB:C < 0.001)。治疗后各组IMT、Crouse积分、斑块稳定性均较前改善,各治疗组治疗后LDL-C达标率,C组、B组、A组依次下降(PA:B < 0.001, PA:C < 0.001, PB:C = 0.002),各治疗组安全可靠(c2 = 0.448, p = 0.799, p > 0.05)。结论:血脂康联合瑞舒伐他汀可明显降低ASCVD患者血浆TC、TG、LDL-C,提高血浆LDL-C达标率,兼具安全性的同时稳定斑块。

关键词

血脂康,瑞舒伐他汀,联合用药,动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病,调脂,疗效,安全性

Study on the Effect of Xuezhikang Combined with Rosuvastatin on Lipid Regulation in Patients with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Liyan Zhang1*, Tong Chen2, Lifang Zhang2, Zhuyu Xue2, Xiaozi Guo2, Wei Ding2, Xuejuan Zhang2#

1Qingdao University, Qingdao Shandong

2Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Shandong

Received: Nov. 21st, 2020; accepted: Dec. 15th, 2020; published: Dec. 22nd, 2020

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of Xuezhikang combined with rosuvastatin on the degree, success rate and safety of lipid regulation in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). MEATHODS: According to the random number table method, patients with ASCVD who meet the standard of natriuretic discharge were randomly divided into Xuezhikang group (group A), rosuvastatin group (group B) and combination group (Group C). Plasma TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C were measured before and after treatment, even the side effects were monitored. Compared carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), plaque score (Crouse score), plaque stability before and after treatment and the LDL-C success rate. RESULTS: Except for HDL-C increase, TC, TG and LDL-C all decreased in the 3 groups and the effects of reducing LDL-C ingroup C, group B, and group A decreased successively (PA:B < 0.001, PA:C < 0.001, PB:C < 0.001). After treatment the IMT, Crouse score and plaque stability of each group were improved. The success rate of reaching the standard of LDL-C in the group C, group B and group A decreased in turn (PA:B < 0.001, PA:C < 0.001, PB:C = 0.002) and all treatment groups were safe and reliable (c2 = 0.448, p = 0.799, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Xuezhikang combined with rosuvastatin can significantly reduce plasma TC, TG and LDL-C in patients with ASCVD, improve the success rate of LDL-C, and stabilize the plaque with safety.

Keywords:Xuezhikang, Rosuvastatin, Combination Therapy, Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, Lipid Regulation, Efficacy, Safety

Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

1. 背景

动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)是全球主要的公共卫生问题,降低人们生活质量,严重危害人类健康 [1]。近年来研究表明,高脂血症和动脉粥样硬化、高血压等与心脑血管疾病的发生具有密切的关系,尤其是血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平升高是冠心病发病的重要危险因素 [2]。积极采取降脂干预措施能有效降低动脉粥样硬化进程,显著减少心血管事件的发生 [3]。他汀类药物作为治疗ASCVD的基石能有效抑制体内胆固醇的合成,部分患者对他汀类药物不耐受,其治疗剂量每翻一倍,LDL-C降幅仅约增加6%,但副作用明显增加,获益减小 [4] [5]。血脂康胶囊是从红曲中发酵而来具有降脂作用的中成药 [6],此外不少研究表明血脂康具备调脂外作用,如抑制炎症反应、抑制内质网氧化应激及细胞凋亡、降低动脉僵硬度、改善心功能、改善血管内皮功能、调节血糖及胰岛素抵抗等 [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]。中国冠心病二级预防研究(CCSPS) [12] 表明血脂康具备降低ASCVD患者总死亡危险、冠心病死亡率和不良反应少的特点。瑞舒伐他汀是一种中高强度降脂药物,与其他他汀类药物相比,降脂作用更强,不良事件生率与同类药物相似甚至更少,是指南推荐药物 [13]。目前胆固醇管理的理念已从“强化他汀”转变、升华到“强化降脂”。根据“LDL原则”,联合降脂治疗将是血脂管理的着重点 [14]。

2. 资料与方法

2.1. 研究对象

经医院伦理委员会批准,选取2019年5月~2019~12月于青岛大学附属医院就诊的符合动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病诊断的患者,男80例,女100例,年龄41~79岁,平均(63.49 ± 9.51)岁。

2.2. 纳入标准

① 年龄18~79岁,不限制性别;② 符合2016年《中国成人血脂异常防治指南》中关于ASCVD疾病的诊断;③ 近2周未使用任何调脂药物,总胆固醇(TC):4.40~6.47 mmol/L (170~250 mg/dl);甘油三酯(TG) ≤ 4.52 mmol/L (400 mg/dl);④ 各种慢性病处于稳定期,无调整药物计划;⑤ 签署知情同意书。

2.3. 排除标准

① 纯合子家族性高胆固醇血症或家族性异常脂蛋白血症;② 已知对他汀类降脂药有过敏史或严重不良反应史;③ 谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和/或谷草转氨酶(AST) ≥ 正常上限(ULN)的3倍;肌酐(CREA) ≥ 1.5倍ULN;④ 未经控制的重度高血压患者;⑤ 甲状腺功能低下;⑥ 滥用酒精和(或)药物史;⑦ 使用其他调脂药物;⑧ 不能服从改变生活方式。

2.4. 研究方法

符合纳排标准的研究对象按随机数字表法入血脂康组(A组)、瑞舒伐他汀组(B组)、联合用药组(C组),在改变生活方式(低盐、低脂饮食,戒烟,每周慢走3~5次,每次30分钟等)的基础上加用口服降脂药物,血脂康组:血脂康0.3 g/粒,一次2粒,一日2次;瑞舒伐他汀组:瑞舒伐他汀10 mg/片,一次1片,每晚1次;联合用药组:瑞舒伐他汀10 mg/片,一次半片,每晚1次+血脂康胶囊0.3 g/粒,一次2粒,一日2次,连续口服6个月。

2.4.1. 血脂及其它生化指标测定

治疗前后采用全自动生化分析仪检测总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酐(CR)、尿素氮(UA)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶MB (CKMB)。测定方法:所有患者均需空腹8~12 h、坐位休息5 min后由生化室工作人员抽取外周血标本,即刻上机检验。

2.4.2. 颈部血管超声检查

治疗前后应用飞利浦IU22彩色多普勒超声仪,线阵探头频率8~12 MHz,测量双侧颈总动脉起始膨大处距近心端10 mm处远侧壁的纵切长轴切面下内膜至中膜外表面的垂直距离,每侧测量3次,取双侧平均值作为颈动脉内膜中层厚度(Intima-media thickness, IMT),IMT ≥ 1.2 mm或局限性内膜厚度超过周边内膜50%为动脉粥样斑块形成,1.0 mm ≤ IMT < 1.2 mm为动脉内膜增厚,IMT < 1.0 mm视为正常。双侧颈动脉各斑块最大厚度之和为Crouse积分,以评估动脉粥样硬化程度 [15] [16]。根据颈部血管斑块回声特点记录不稳定斑块及稳定斑块数量,不稳定斑块包括低回声和混合回声斑块,稳定斑块包括等回声和强回声斑块。

2.4.3. LDL-C达标目标

根据2016年《中国成人血脂异常防治指南》,ASCVD患者属于极高危人群,LDL-C < 1.8 mmol/L (70 mg/dl)即达标,若LDL-C基线较高不能达目标值者,LDL-C较基线降低 ≥ 50%也视为达标 [13]。

2.4.4. 随访事件

用药后不良反应,如胃肠胀气、食欲不振、恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻,肌痛,乏力,关节肿胀,横纹肌溶解,转氨酶升高,肌酸激酶升高,咽喉痛,失眠,多梦,皮疹等。

2.5. 统计学方法

所有数据均使用SPSS 22.0软件进行分析,检验数据正态性,符合正态分布的计量资料用均数±标准差( x ¯ ± s)表示,三组及以上数据,方差齐者采用方差分析,有显著差异者以LSD-t检验进行组间比较,组内前后比较采用配对t检验;计数资料以率或构成比表示,行c2检验,P < 0.05视为差异有统计学意义。

3. 结果

3.1. 各组患者一般资料

入选ASCVD病例186例,按随机数字表法随机分为A组61例、B组62例、C组63例,随访过程中共计6例患者退出观察,其中有2例(1.08%)出现药物不耐受自行停药、1例自行增服中药水蛭粉后出现肌酸升高(0.54%)、3例因新型冠状病毒肺炎失访(1.61%)。最终有180例患者完成随访,A组、B组、C组均为60例,3组在性别比例、BMI、年龄、高血压、冠心病、脑血管病、糖尿病史方面差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05) (表1)。

Table 1. General information of enrolled patients

表1. 入组患者一般资料

注:P > 0.05,差异无统计学意义。Note: p > 0.05, the difference was not statistically significant。

3.2. 不同治疗组治疗血脂变化

各组治疗前后TC、TG、LDL-C下降,HDL-C升高,差异具统计学意义。治疗组组间比较显示降低TG及升高HDL-C水平差异无统计学意义,各组对TG、HDL-C的影响相当。组间对TC的比较显示C组、B组、A组降TC及LDL-C效果依次递减(表2)。

3.3. 各治疗组前后颈动脉内膜–中层厚度与斑块总积分比较

A组、B组、C组治疗前后IMT、Crouse积分改善,差异具统计学意义。各组对IMT、Crouse积分的组间比较显示C组与B组改善IMT、Crouse积分的效果相当且优于A组(表3)。

Table 2. Changes of blood lipid before and after treatment in each group ( x ¯ ± s, mmol/L)

表2. 各组治疗前后血脂变化情况( x ¯ ± s, mmol/L)

注:与本组治疗前比较,*p < 0.05。Note: Compared with before treatment in the same group, *P < 0.05。

Table 3. Comparison of carotid intima-media thickness and total plaque score before and after treatment in each group ( x ¯ ± s)

表3. 各组治疗前后颈动脉内膜中层厚度与斑块总积分比较( x ¯ ± s)

注:与本组治疗前比较,*p < 0.05。Note: Compared with before treatment in the same group, *P < 0.05。

3.4. 各治疗组前后颈部血管斑块稳定性变化

各组治疗前后斑块稳定性升高(P < 0.05),组间差异无统计学意义,可认为各组稳定斑块能力相当(表4)。

3.5. 治疗前后LDL-C达标率比较

各组治疗前LDL-C均未达标,治疗后A组达标19 (31.67%),B组达标43 (71.67%),C组达标56 (93.33%)。组间达标率比较,A组与B组、A组与C组P < 0.001,B组与C组,P = 0.002 (p < 0.017),可见用药后C组、B组、A组LDL-C达标率依次递减(表5)。

3.6. 各治疗组不良反应比较

A组1 (1.67%)例患者出现头晕、头痛症状。B组1 (1.67%)例出现乏力症状,1 (1.67%)例出现肝功能损伤。C组1 (1.67%)例出现CK/CKMB升高。各组间比较Χ2 = 0.448、p = 0.799,p > 0.05,尚可认为各治疗方案安全可靠,组间无差异(表6)。

Table 4. Comparison of the stability of cervical vascular plaque before and after treatment in each group [n (%)]

表4. 各组治疗前后颈部血管斑块稳定性比较[n (%)]

注:与本组治疗前比较,*p < 0.05。Note: Compared with before treatment in the same group, *P < 0.05。

Table 5. Comparison of LDL-C standard-reaching rate in each group after treatment [n (%)]

表5. 各组治疗后LDL-C达标情况比较[n (%)]

Table 6. Comparison of adverse reactions in each group [n (n%)]

表6. 各治疗组不良反应比较[n (n%)]

4. 讨论

动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的主要危险因素为高胆固醇血症对血管内皮的持续损伤,控制低密度脂蛋白水平为降低ASCVD风险的治疗靶点。目前调脂方法主要有饮食运动控制及药物治疗2方面,他汀类药物作为降脂药物的典型代表已成为预防及治疗心血管疾病的基石。研究表明肌痛、谷丙转氨酶暂时性升高及新发糖尿病与服用他汀类药物存在因果关系,其副作用限制他汀类药物的使用,尤其是大剂量他汀在特殊人群中的使用 [17] [18] [19]。即使有良好的他汀治疗依从性,根据不同风险等级仍有30%~70%的患者,LDL-C水平也无法达到目标值 [20]。短期补充monaclinK可以改善低心血管风险的高血压及高胆固醇血症患者的血脂和凋谢模式 [21]。因此西方国家将红曲发酵提取物等营养制剂作为他汀不耐受人群或大剂量他汀使用人群降脂治疗的有益补充,但不认为营养制剂可单独作为降脂药物使用 [17] [22]。血脂康是从红曲中精炼而成的生物制剂,富含monacolins物质,特别是胆固醇合成酶抑制剂(HMC-COA),不同于西方国家,中国成人血脂异常防治指南(2016年修订版)将血脂康1.2 g/天纳入中等强度调脂药物 [13]。

本研究在A组、B组、C组治疗ASCVD患者6个月后,各组TC、TG、LDL-C显著下降,C组、B组、A组降TG效果无明显差异,降TC、LDL-C效果则依次递减。不同与以往大多数研究,本研究ASCVD患者HDL上升不明显且各组间无明显差异,这与Wang TJ [23] 等人在高脂血症患者红曲米(RYR)治疗的随机临床研究中各组用药后HDL有升有降相似,HDL升高不明显可能与血脂康治疗提高了miR-33a和miR-33b血浆水平,抑制细胞胆固醇输出相关 [24]。在斑块获益方面,C组与B组改善IMT、Crouse积分的效果相当且优于A组,各组均能提高颈部动脉斑块稳定性,但组间无统计学差异。IBIS-4、Reversal、ASTEROID、SATURN等研究表明强化他汀治疗降低LDL-C至1.8~2.1 mmol/L (70~80 mg/dl)的同时大幅度升高HDL可以获得逆转斑块效应,这些研究的观察时间在13个月到24个月不等。ARTMAP研究及COSMOS研究时间则相对较短,为6~19个月,在常规剂量他汀治疗下也都实现了斑块的逆转 [25] - [30]。本研究中观察到斑块改善除与LDL-C的控制和HDL维持一定水平外,还可能与人种相关。治疗期间3组均出现不良反应,以可耐受的肝功能受损为主,其次为CK/CKMB升高,头晕、头痛,乏力,不良反应各组间无明显差异。不少研究表明 [31] [32] 血脂康单用或血脂康联合小剂量瑞舒伐他汀疗法,具有良好的耐受性及安全性。结合本文研究进一步可见血脂康联合小剂量瑞舒伐他汀并不会显著增加患者不良反应,较为安全。

综上,小剂量瑞舒伐他汀联合血脂康可明显降低ASCVD患者除HDL以外的血脂水平,提高血浆LDL-C达标率,改善动脉硬化、稳定斑块的同时兼具安全性。

文章引用

张丽艳,陈 瞳,张利方,薛竺雨,郭孝兹,丁 巍,张雪娟. 血脂康联合瑞舒伐他汀对动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病患者调脂疗效的研究
Study on the Effect of Xuezhikang Combined with Rosuvastatin on Lipid Regulation in Patients with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease[J]. 临床医学进展, 2020, 10(12): 3039-3047. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2020.1012457

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  33. NOTES

    *第一作者。

    #通讯作者。

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