International Journal of Ecology
Vol. 12  No. 04 ( 2023 ), Article ID: 75088 , 11 pages
10.12677/IJE.2023.124048

中国涠洲岛微型腹足贝类齿口螺属(Odostomia)新纪录物种

陈温柔

玉林师范学院生物与制药学院,广西 玉林

收稿日期:2023年10月2日;录用日期:2023年11月2日;发布日期:2023年11月9日

摘要

本文为2019~2021年在涠洲岛潮间带沙滩实施微型贝类物种调查之部分结果,报导小塔螺科的齿口螺属Odostomia J. Fleming, 1813贝类有5种为中国海新纪录物种,分别为小泡齿口螺Odostomia bullula Gould,1861、达利氏齿口螺O. dalli (Hornung & Mermod, 1925)、希望齿口螺O. sperabilis Hedley, 1909、塔形齿口螺O. turrita Hanley, 1844及扎米娅齿口螺O. zamia Nomura, 1937。内文详述其分类特征,提示在涠洲岛采得样本位置,即增添了齿口螺属微型贝类物种在中国海域生物地理分布新纪录位置。

关键词

微型贝类,小塔螺科,齿口螺属,涠洲岛,南中国海

Some New Record Microgastropod Species of Odostomia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pyramidellidae) from Weizhou Island, China

Wenjou Chen

College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin Guangxi

Received: Oct. 2nd, 2023; accepted: Nov. 2nd, 2023; published: Nov. 9th, 2023

ABSTRACT

There are five new record species of Odostomia J. Fleming, 1813 (Gastropoda: Pyramidellidae) from 2019~2021 survey of marine microgastropods at Weizhou Island of South China Sea, which are Odostomia bullula Gould, 1861, O. dalli (Hornung & Mermod, 1925), O. sperabilis Hedley, 1909, O. turrita Hanley, 1844 and O. zamia Nomura, 1937. They are re-described more details by aid of photos in this report, and present the Weizhou Island is a new location of geographical distribution of Odostomia species from China Sea.

Keywords:Micromollusk, Pyramidellidae, Odostomia, Weizhou Island, South China Sea

Copyright © 2023 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

1. 引言

“微型贝类”(micromollusk)一般定义为壳体约接近或小于5 mm的成熟软体动物个体,在收集、整理与分类上需藉助于解剖显微镜等仪器。关注微型贝类的基础研究始于19世纪,近代再兴起风潮,但迄今对其整体实际丰富度的认识尚未充分反映在出版的文献上 [1] [2] 。齿口螺属Odostomia J. Fleming, 1813 贝类在系统分类学上归为软体动物腹足纲小塔螺科(Pyramidellidae)一属的物种;主要形态特征:壳小型,壳质略厚,长卵圆形;胎壳与体螺层约成180˚角;体螺层少,壳表光滑,雕刻微弱;壳口近卵圆形,单个或微弱轴唇褶襞;壳色泽灰白 [3] 。由于本属壳体偏小型,列为微型腹足贝类物种。对于齿口螺属种类在中国海域较早已纪录到5种 [4] [5] ;本研究采样位置涠洲岛,位于广西北部湾海域,是火山喷发堆凝而成的火山岛屿,也是广西最大的海岛,海洋生物多样性高,其中微型贝类动物相纪录有300多种 [6] 。本文报导于2019~2021年在涠洲岛进行微型贝类物种调研,所采集到齿口螺属新纪录物种,详述分类系统现况,增添了中国海域物种多样性保育数据库。

2. 研究方法究

本研究在涠洲岛全岛选取贝壳沙滩、东海岸沙滩、横岭沙滩、南湾海滩、滴水丹屏海滩、北港海滩、五彩沙滩和月亮湾海滩等样区。于2019~2021年,退潮期间在潮间带积壳线上执行等距离定点定量砂样调查,从砂样中分离出微型贝类。使用高倍数码显微镜采集微型贝类之影像数据,进行鉴定。特征描述主要依据有Okutani (2017) [7] 及WoRMS (2023) [8] 表列世界贝类相关网站。检视之微贝遗壳装入离心管中,编码保存,标本保存地点为玉林师范学院生物与制药学院(YLNU)。

3. 结果与分析

在涠洲岛于2019~2021年进行微型贝类物种调研结果,采集到齿口螺属物种,其中有5种为中国海域物新纪录物种,详述如下。

系统分类

Phylum Mollusca,软件动物门

Class Gastropoda Cuvier,1795腹足纲

Subclass Heterobranchia Burmeister,1837异鳃亚纲

Superfamily Pyramidelloidea Gray,1840小塔螺超科

Family Pyramidellidae Gray,1840小塔螺科

Genus Odostomia J. Fleming,1813齿口螺属

属模式标本Turbo plicatus Montagu, 1803,现更替为Odostomia plicata (Montagu, 1803)。

3.1. 小泡齿口螺Odostomia bullula Gould, 1861 (图1. A-C)

模式地:日本冲绳县琉球(Loo Choo, Okinawa)。

1861 Odostomia bullula Gould, p. 404 [9] .

1862 Odostomia bullula Gould, 1861—Gould, p. 148 [10] .

1959 Odostomia (Odostomia) decouxi—Saurin, p. 234, pl. 3, fig. 4 [11] .

1964 Odostomia bullula Gould, 1861—Johnson, p. 49, pl. 9, fig. 1 [12] .

1995 Odostomia bullula Gould, 1861—Fukuda, p. 29, pl. 73, fig. 1027 [13] .

1999 Odostomia bullula Gould, 1861—Higo et al., p. 358 [14] .

2004 Odostomia bullula Gould, 1861—Robba et al., p. 162, pl. 22, fig. 5 [15] .

标本检视:

涠洲岛贝壳沙滩,21˚04'03.3''N,109˚07'30.7''E,2019.09.11,编码:YLNU20190911ob1;

涠洲岛五彩沙滩,21˚01'20.1''N,109˚07'58.6''E,2019.12.27,编码:YLNU20191227ob1。

特征描述:

壳小型,厚实,平滑,长圆锥形。成体壳5螺层,侧边微圆胀,缝合线下陷;体螺层扩大约占1/2体长,螺肋与纵肋微弱。胎壳C型,钝圆螺旋状。壳口大而近椭圆形,壳口长宽比值约2.2,口缘厚弧状,内唇中部微凹,褶襞模糊,外唇近底部向外扩展。壳高(H) 2.75 mm,壳宽(W) 1.1 mm,H/W = 2.5,灰白色。新纪录物种。

分布:日本,越南,泰国。

中文俗名来源:“bullula”拉丁文译“气泡”,因壳体小型,故以“小泡”称之。

3.2. 达利氏齿口螺Odostomia dalli (Hornung & Mermod, 1925) (图1. D-F)

模式地:达莱克,红海萨拉德岛(Red Sea Sarad island, Dahlak)。

1925 Odontostomia dalli, Hornung & Mermod, p. 24, fig. 1 [16] .

2001 Odostomia dalli (Hornung & Mermod, 1925)—Swennenet al., p. 483 [17] .

2021 Odostomia cf. dalli (Hornung & Mermod, 1925)—Albano et al., p. 42, fig. 22 [18] .

标本检视:

涠洲岛五彩沙滩,21˚01'20.1''N,109˚07'58.6''E,2019.12.27,编码:YLNU20191227od1。

特征描述:

壳小型,薄微透明,矮圆锥形。成体壳4~5螺层,圆弧侧边,缝合线明显,肩部窄;倒数第二螺层即明显肿胀,体螺层约占3/5体长,细线状纵肋,螺肋膜糊。胎壳近似B型,半螺旋状盘绕。壳口大,近圆形,壳口长宽比值约1.9,口缘厚,内唇中部微凹,微弱褶襞;外唇向外圆弧扩展。壳高(H) 3.0 mm,壳宽(W) 1.4 mm,H/W = 2.14,灰白色。新纪录物种。

分布:红海,地中海,泰国,菲律宾。

中文俗名来源:“dalli”,姓氏 Dall直译“达利氏”称之。

分类评述:本种鉴定参考Odontostomia dalli Hornung & Mermod, 1925 (p. 24, fig.1.)模式标本 [16] ;但和Albano et al, 2021所记录Odostomia cf. dalli (Hornung & Mermod, 1925)更相似,口内缘都有一微弱褶襞 [18] 。

图1. A-C:小泡齿口螺,壳高2.75 mm,壳宽1.1 mm,涠洲岛五彩沙滩,2019.12.27,编码:YLNU20191227ob2;D-F:达利氏齿口螺,壳高3.0 mm,壳宽1.4 mm,涠洲岛五彩沙滩,2019.12.27,编码:YLNU20191227od1

3.3. 希望齿口螺Odostomia sperabilis Hedley, 1909 (图2. A-E)

模式地:澳洲希望岛(Hope Islands, Australia)。

1909 Odostomia sperabilis Hedley, p. 448, pl. 41, fig. 71 [19] .

1959 Odostomia sperabilis Hedley, 1909—Laseron, p. 204, fig. 59 [20] .

2000 Odostomia sperabilis Hedley, 1909—Okutani ed., p. 719, pl. 358, fig. 101 [21] .

2007 Odostomia sperabilis Hedley, 1909—Noseworthy et al., p. 84 [22] .

2009 Odostomia sperabilis Hedley, 1909—Tröndlé & Boutet, p. 46 [23] .

2017 Brachystomia bullula (Gould, 1861)—Okutani ed., p. 1120, pl. 420, fig. 10 [7] .

2017 Odostomia sperabilis Hedley, 1909—Salvat & Tröndlé, p. 250 [24] .

2021 Odostomia cf. sperabilis (Hedley, 1909)—Wells et al., p. 150 [25] .

标本检视:

涠洲岛贝壳沙滩,21˚04'16.2''N,109˚07'14.6''E,2019.09.11,编码:YLNU20190911os1;

涠洲岛南湾海滩,21˚01'28.1''N,109˚05'39.1''E,2019.12.26,编码:YLNU20191226os1。

特征描述:

壳小型,平滑,圆锥形。成体壳4~5平滑螺层,侧边略圆弧,缝合线明显,肩部窄;体螺层明显肿胀,体螺层约占3/5体长,微细纵肋,螺肋不明。胎壳窄,盘旋状。壳口大,近椭圆形,口缘微厚,内唇中部微凹,有一微弱褶襞;外唇圆弧外展。壳高(H) 2.8 mm,宽(W) 1.1 mm,H/W = 2.55,灰白色。新纪录物种。

分布:西太平洋日本,南韩,泰国,澳洲(昆士兰),玻里尼西亚(南太平洋)。

中文俗名来源:“sperable”拉丁文英译“hoped for”,纪念模式地“希望岛”,故名之以“希望”。

分类评述:Okutani T., ed. (2017), p. 1120, pl. 420, fig. 10.认为日本产Brachystomia bullula (Gould, 1861)和澳洲Odostomia sperabilis Hedley, 1909同种异名 [7] ;但目前WoRMS (2023)仍把B. bullula列为尚待厘清物种 [8] 。本报告鉴定仍依Hedley (1909) O. sperabilis模式标本(图)的特征,体螺层较短胖;胎壳较窄,盘旋向上 [19] 。

图2. A-E:希望齿口螺,壳高2.8 mm,壳宽1.1 mm,涠洲岛贝壳沙滩,2019.09.11,编码:YLNU20190911os1

3.4. 塔形齿口螺Odostomia turrita Hanley, 1844 (图3. A-F )

模式地:英国英吉利海峡根西岛(Guernsey)。

1844 Odostomia turrita Hanley, p. 18 [26] .

1853 Odostomia unidentata var. turrita Hanley—Forbes & Hanley, p. 267, pl. 95, fig. 9 [27] .

1882 Odostomia turrita Hanley, 1844—Bucquoyet al., p. 162, pl. 19, figs 1, 2 [28] .

1892 Odontostomia (Turritodostomia) turrita var. infla-toastensis—Sacco, p. 42, pl. 1, fig. 91 [29] .

1892 Odontostomia (Turritodostomia) turrita var. plan-astensis—Sacco, p. 42, pl. 1, fig. 92 [29] .

1893 Odostomia turrita var. Nana Jeff.—Marshall, p.253 [30] .

1914 Odontostomia turrita Hanley, 1844—Cerulli-Irelli, p. 255, pl. 22, figs 40-43 [31] .

1975 Odostomia turrita Hanley, 1844—Celso & Catherine, p. 499, pl. 1, fig. G, H, I [32] .

1984 Odostomia turrita Hanley, 1844—Van Aartsen et al., p. 51, fig. 248 [33] .

1986 Odostomia turrita Hanley, 1844—Fretter et al., p. 614, figs 425, 426 [34] .

1987 Odostomia turrita Hanley, 1844—Van Aartsen, p. 8, 12, fig. 18 [35] .

1996 Odostomia turrita Hanley, 1844—Peñas et al., p. 54, figs 116-117 [36] .

1999 Odostomia turrita Hanley, 1844—Peñas & Rolán, p. 56, figs 126-130 [37] .

2006 Odostomia turrita Hanley, 1844—Beck et al., p. 84 [38] .

2011 Odostomia turrita Hanley, 1844—Nekhaev, p. 69, fig.3 [39] .

2013 Odostomia turrita Hanley, 1844—Öztürk et al., p. 150, fig. 20 [40] .

2014 Odostomia turrita Hanley, 1844—Høisæter, p. 38, figs 58-62 [41] .

2020 Odostomia turrita Hanley, 1844—Raven, p. 43, fig. 57 [42] .

2021 Odostomia turrita Hanley, 1844—Landau & Micali, p. 241, pl. 45, figs 1-2 [43] .

标本检视:

涠洲岛贝壳沙滩,21˚04'17.1''N,109˚07'17.3''E,2019.09.11,编码:YLNU20190911ot1;

涠洲岛南湾海滩,21˚01'21.1''N,109˚05'34.8''E,2019.12.26,编码:YLNU20191226ot1。

特征描述:

壳小型,平滑半透明,长锥形。成体壳5~6螺层,侧边略直;体螺层明显胀大,约高于1/2体长。基部平滑窄缩。胎壳A型,螺旋状提升,末端略指向外侧。壳口近椭圆形,壳口长宽比值约1.86,口缘厚,内唇有一轴唇褶襞,外唇圆弧形内侧平滑,底部向前延展。高(H) 2.3 mm,宽(W) 1.0 mm,H/W = 2.3,灰白色。新纪录物种。

图3. A-F:塔形齿口螺,壳高2.3 mm,壳宽1.0 mm,涠洲岛贝壳沙滩,2019.09.11,编码:YLNU20190911ot1

分布:英吉利海峽;冰岛–挪威–加那利群岛;西非洲和地中海;东北大西洋、北极和地中海;亚热带到极地。

中文俗名来源:“turrita”拉丁文译“塔”,故名之以“塔形”。

分类评述:塔形齿口螺广泛分布大西洋东部水域,也有化石物种的纪录,发现者Hanley, 1844文献仅形态描述,未见模式标本图版供参考 [26] ;涠洲岛样本鉴定主要依据Van Aartsen et al., 1984, p. 51, fig. 248 [33] 与Öztürk et al., 2013, p. 150, fig. 20 [40] 副模标本,重要形态特征:胎壳A型,有一显著的轴唇褶襞。

3.5. 扎米娅齿口螺Odostomia zamia Nomura, 1937 (图4. A-C)

模式地:日本相模湾东部逗子市海岸(Zushi)。

1937 Odostomia zamia Nomura, pl. 9 [44] .

1952 Odostomia zamia Nomura, 1937—Kuroda & Habe, p. 210 [45] .

1999 Odostomia zamia Nomura, 1937—Higo et al., p. 361 [14] .

标本检视:

涠洲岛南湾海滩,21˚01'28.1''N,109˚05'39.1''E,2019.12.26,编码:YLNU20191226oz1。

特征描述:

壳小型,长锥形。成体壳多于4螺层,侧边略直,缝合线浅;体螺层微胀,表面平滑。壳口近椭圆形,有一硕大轴唇褶襞,口缘厚,底部往下扩展。壳高於2.1 mm,壳宽0.8 mm,光滑,灰白色。新纪录物种。

分布:日本。

中文俗名来源:“Zamia”源于希伯来语,现为女子常取之英语名字,直译“扎米娅”。

分类评述:本种鉴定乃依Nomura (1937), pl. 9文献,其分布仅限于日本海域,模式标本空壳不完整,但两者体螺层形态与壳口结构极为相似,分布上同为西太平洋水域 [44] 。

图4. A-C:扎米娅齿口螺,壳高于2.1 mm,壳宽0.8 mm,涠洲岛南湾海滩,2019.12.26,编码:YLNU20191226oz1

4. 讨论

中国海域微型贝调查研究,早有西方学者Gould (1862)纪录,种类稀少 [10] ;而国人专项研究开始于对南海地层古环境探勘挖掘出来的岩芯,如1998年,潘华璋报导西沙群岛微型软体动物,纪录腹足类25科41属55种;双壳类9科15属13种,均属于印度–西太平洋动物群 [46] 。冯伟民等2000年探讨中沙、西沙群岛微型腹足类双壳类表层沉积组合与环境意义,纪录微型腹足类176种,微型双壳类48种 [47] 及2001年记录南海南部大陆架环境中的微型腹足类及南海永暑礁泻湖1680年来微型腹足类丰度 [48] ;2007年共记录南海永暑礁属于晚全新世微型腹足类,也增加4新种 [49] [50] [51] 。2003年,蔡华伟等调查南沙群岛永暑礁泻湖南永3井晚全新世微型双壳类,24属26种,包括1新种Philobrya (Neocardia) xishaensis及13个种为南沙群岛海区首次记录 [52] 。以上文獻就样本采得来源之纪录,多半已可归为化石种类。

而采样纪录来自潮间带海滩,或可视为现生种;较多专项研究文献是纪录台湾海峡及邻近水域微型贝类的研究,如1941年,黑田德米纪录台湾产131种微贝 [53] ;1975年,施乃普纪录台湾绿岛小形贝类11科46种 [54] ;1995年,张镇国纪录绿岛小贝中塔螺113種 [55] ;Chang等,2004年调查台湾绿岛的麂眼螺类132种,含10新物种及2005年纪录左锥螺科107种 [56] [57] ;2007年,李彦铮和陈文德纪录恒春半岛微型贝类 [58] ;2012年,陈温柔等纪录台湾小琉球微型贝类55种,含4新物种 [59] ;2019年,罗柳墀和陈温柔纪录澎湖青螺湿地微型贝类24科65种 [60] 。近年在南中国海,有2023年,陈温柔等记录涠洲岛45科308种的微型贝类动物,其中14新物种及73个种为新纪录物种,包含本文齿口螺属5种 [6] [61] 。虽中国海域是印度–西太平洋物种分布最广区域,现生微型贝类物种有待增补者众,水下活体调查采样需积极推进。另外,国内对微型贝类生态数据的收集也处于初探阶段,仅几篇文献可考 [62] [63] [64] [65] ,也是需要关注项目。

5. 结语

本文贡献在于补充中国海域微型贝类动物相物种多样性数据库;引起国人更多关注微型贝类基础调查;可作为海洋生态保育推广教育之素材。

致谢

感谢文献赠于或查证的专家学者:Prof. Cecalupo, A.、Perugia, I.、Poppe, G.T.、Tagaro, S.P.、Rolán, E.、罗柳墀教授(台湾高雄师大)、刘莉莲教授(台湾中山大学)、施志昀教授和曾彦博硕士(台湾澎湖科技大学)、刘崇喜教授和吴秋瑢硕士(台湾大仁科技大学)、黄雯博士(广西大学)。感谢玉师伙伴参与调研:周振千博士、冯宏维博士和何青霞、符嘉慧、李家希、韦松伶、李心怡、黄梦婷、黄金梅、王丽英、梁艳、刘金枝等已毕业校友。

基金项目

广西玉林师范学院高层次人才科研启动基金项目(序号:G2019ZK36)。

文章引用

陈温柔. 中国涠洲岛微型腹足贝类齿口螺属(Odostomia)新纪录物种
Some New Record Microgastropod Species of Odostomia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pyramidellidae) from Weizhou Island, China[J]. 世界生态学, 2023, 12(04): 392-402. https://doi.org/10.12677/IJE.2023.124048

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