Advances in Clinical Medicine
Vol. 12  No. 04 ( 2022 ), Article ID: 50442 , 5 pages
10.12677/ACM.2022.124420

卵巢恶性Brenner瘤

——病例报告并文献复习

李蒙蒙,段小瑞,张春莉*

延安大学附属医院病理科,陕西 延安

收稿日期:2022年3月18日;录用日期:2022年4月12日;发布日期:2022年4月20日

摘要

目的:了解恶性Brenner瘤的临床病理特征、诊断及治疗,提高对本病的认识。方法:回顾性分析1例卵巢恶性Brenner瘤患者的临床资料。结果:患者以腹胀为主,临床症状无特异性,我院予以全子宫及双附件切除 + 大网膜切除 + 阑尾切除,术后予以放疗。结论:卵巢恶性Brenner瘤少见,缺乏特征性的临床及影像学及表现,缺乏特异性的血清肿瘤标志物,其诊断主要依靠组织病理学检查。MBT治疗以手术为主,对化疗较为敏感。

关键词

卵巢肿瘤,恶性Brenner瘤,文献复习

Ovarian Malignant Brenner Tumor

—A Case Report and Literature Review

Mengmeng Li, Xiaorui Duan, Chunli Zhang*

Department of Pathology, Yan’an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan’an Shaanxi

Received: Mar. 18th, 2022; accepted: Apr. 12th, 2022; published: Apr. 20th, 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective: To understand the clinical pathological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of malignant Brenner tumors, and to improve the understanding of this disease. Methods: The clinical data of 1 patient with malignant Brenner tumor of ovary were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The patient is dominated by bloating, and the clinical symptoms are not specific. Total hysterectomy with double appendages was performed in our hospital, and postoperative chemotherapy was given. Conclusion: Ovarian malignant Brenner tumor is rare, lack of characteristic clinical and imaging performance, and lack of specific serum tumor markers. Its diagnosis mainly relies on histopathological examination. MBT treatment is based on surgery, and it is more sensitive to chemotherapy.

Keywords:Ovarian Tumor, Malignant Brenner Tumor, Literature Review

Copyright © 2022 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

1. 引言

卵巢Brenner瘤是一种少见的卵巢上皮源性肿瘤,占所有卵巢肿瘤的1%~2% [1]。WHO将Brenner瘤分为良性、交界性和恶性 [2],恶性Brenner瘤(Malignant Brenner Tumor, MBT)占卵巢Brenner瘤的<5% [3]。本文现回顾性分析1例卵巢MBT,并结合文献复习MBT的临床病理特征、诊断及治疗,以提高对该病的认识。

2. 临床资料

患者,女,46岁,因腹胀一月余入住我院,妇科检查:左下腹发现约5 × 4 cm大小的包块,包块质软边界尚清,活动性差,压痛。B超提示盆腔囊实性包块,腹水(大量)。CT提示盆腔左侧囊实性包块,可见多发大小不一壁结节,囊腔内分隔薄厚不均,大小约10.1 × 7.5 cm,与周围结构界清,左侧附件区囊腺癌可能性大(图1)。肿瘤标志物CA125 673.9 U/ml,CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4、AFP、雌激素、HCG未见明显升高。术中探查:左侧卵巢大小10 × 9 × 6 cm,与阔韧带后叶及盆侧壁粘连,同侧输卵管受累,术中冰冻切片病理考虑左侧卵巢恶性病变,遂行筋膜外全子宫及双附件切除 + 大网膜切除 + 阑尾切除。术后诊断:左侧卵巢恶性肿瘤,IIC期。

Figure 1. CT manifestation of ovarian malignant Brenner tumor

图1. 卵巢恶性Brenner瘤的CT表现

送检标本肉眼观:左侧卵巢切除标本:大小10 × 9 × 6 cm,切面囊实性,实性区切面灰白灰红,呈鱼肉状,质略脆。表面附可疑输卵管长6 cm,直0.2~0.4 cm。镜下肿瘤细胞与尿路上皮相似,呈不规则巢状、乳头状排列,间质有明显肿瘤细胞浸润,局灶见坏死。细胞排列紊乱,异型性明显,核分裂多见。背景可见交界性Brenner瘤存在(图2)。免疫组化表型:CK7弥漫阳性(图3),CK20、WT1、GATA-3均阴性,Ki67热点区约75% (+)。

病理诊断:(左侧)卵巢恶性Brenner瘤,累及同侧输卵管组织。

Figure 2. Ovarian malignant Brenner tumor HE (×100)

图2. 卵巢恶性Brenner瘤HE (×100)

Figure 3. CK7 was strongly positive in the tumor cells (×100)

图3. 肿瘤细胞CK7弥漫强阳(×100)

3. 讨论

3.1. 临床表现

卵巢恶性Brenner瘤少见,肿瘤多发生于50岁以上的妇女,中位年龄为65岁,通常单侧卵巢发生,偶为双侧 [3]。患者常表现为腹部肿块或疼痛,部分病例可能会有阴道流血、子宫内膜病变 [4] [5] [6],可能与Brenner瘤间质产生雌激素有关 [6]。本例患者单侧发生,仅表现为腹胀,无其它特殊的临床表现,可能因肿瘤体积较大而产生压迫有关。

3.2. 病理特征及免疫表型

MBT肿瘤中位大小10厘米 [3],多为囊实性肿块,常伴钙化。肿瘤由类似尿路上皮的移行细胞组成,排列成不规则巢状、片状,局灶可有鳞状分化。核深染、异型明显,核分裂多见。间质浸润是MBT诊断的关键,而间质促纤维结缔组织增生有助于识别明确的间质浸润。背景中可见良性或交界性Brenner瘤成分。根据组织病理学的研究,MBT与正常尿路上皮及尿路上皮肿瘤有相似的免疫表型,常表达CK7、Uroplakine III、GATA-3和P63,不表达CK20,WT1常阴性,P53野生型 [7] [8] [9] [10]。本例患者免疫组化CK7弥漫强阳,CK20、WT1阴性,与文献相符 [10]。

3.3. 发病机制

Brenner瘤起源未定,可能来源于Walthard细胞巢 [11] [12]。MBT起源于良性和交界性的Brenner瘤,但关键的分子学改变和确切通路未知。FGFR3突变或MDM2/TP53可能参与了MBT发生 [13]。

3.4. 肿瘤标志物

2021年的《卵巢恶性肿瘤诊断与治疗指南》推荐针对不同的肿瘤建议选择不同的肿瘤标志物 [2],肿瘤标志物的异常升高是肿瘤恶性较可靠的参考指标。而卵巢恶性Brenner瘤目前没有特异性的肿瘤标志物,血清CA125作为常用卵巢肿瘤标志物,在恶性Brenner瘤部分表达升高 [3] [14] 而部分未见异常 [15] [16],或许可以用于MBT的检查。本例患者血清CA125升高,其他指标无明显异常。MBT的特异性的肿瘤标志物还需与进一步探索。

3.5. 影像学表现

MBT缺乏特征性的临床及影像学表现,其诊断必须依靠组织病理学检查及免疫表型。B超、CT更有助于肿瘤的位置、大小等评估 [1] [16]。本例患者B超和CT均表现为囊实性肿块,考虑囊腺癌,影像检查无特殊提示意义,还需与表现为囊实性肿块的其他卵巢肿瘤作鉴别。

3.6. 鉴别诊断

MBT需与以下疾病作鉴别:1) 交界性Brenner瘤:卵巢MBT上皮成分异型性大且有间质浸润,交界性Brenner瘤无间质浸润。2) 继发性的移行细胞癌:无良性或交界性Brenner瘤成分。3) 高级别浆液性癌:镜下可见典型的高级别浆液性癌区域,免疫组化表达WT1、PAX8、ER、P53,可作二者鉴别。

3.7. 治疗

MBT治疗以手术为主,辅助化疗。一般行全子宫 + 双附件切除术,有建议扩大手术范围,包括网膜和盆腔淋巴结的清扫 [4],但也有研究显示淋巴结清扫并不能改善患者生存率 [3]。目前对于上皮性卵巢肿瘤患者的标准化疗方案是CT (卡铂 + 紫杉醇) [2],MBT对CT化疗显示出一定的敏感性,并与行细胞减灭术相关 [4] [17] [18]。肿瘤分期是影响MBT预后的主要因素,当肿瘤局限于卵巢时预后较好,5年生存率可达94.5%,发生卵巢外转移的晚期患者5年生存率为51.3% [3]。上皮性卵巢癌的NCCN指南把放疗作为主要治疗建议,但可以使用姑息性放疗用于局部症状的控制 [18]。

MBT临床少见,无特征性的临床及影像学表现,无特异性的血清肿瘤标志物,诊断需结合组织病检及相关免疫表型。肿瘤局限于卵巢的患者预后好于出现转移患者。MBT治疗以手术为主,术后辅以化疗,且对化疗较为敏感。

声明

我科已告知患者及家属所发表的相关文章内会隐去其个人信息,但会交代整个发病过程及治疗,患者及家属表示知情同意并签署知情同意书。

文章引用

李蒙蒙,段小瑞,张春莉. 卵巢恶性Brenner瘤——病例报告并文献复习
Ovarian Malignant Brenner Tumor—A Case Report and Literature Review[J]. 临床医学进展, 2022, 12(04): 2918-2922. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2022.124420

参考文献

  1. 1. Lang, S.M., Mills, A.M. and Cantrell, L.A. (2017) Malignant Brenner Tumor of the Ovary: Review and Case Report. Gynecologic Oncology Reports, 22, 26-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gore.2017.07.001

  2. 2. 中国抗癌协会妇科肿瘤专业委员会. 卵巢恶性肿瘤诊断与治疗指南(2021年版) [J]. 中国癌症杂志, 2021, 31(6): 490-500.

  3. 3. Nasioudis, D., Sisti, G., Holcomb, K., Kanninen, T. and Witkin, S.S. (2016) Malignant Brenner Tumors of the Ovary: A Population-Based Analysis. Gynecologic Oncology, 142, 44-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.04.538

  4. 4. Gezginç, K., Karatayli, R., Yazici, F., Acar, A., Çelik, Ç., Çapar, M., et al. (2011) Malignant Brenner Tumor of the Ovary: Analysis of 13 Cases. International Journal of Clinical Oncology, 17, 324-329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-011-0290-7

  5. 5. Zhang, Y., Staley, S.A., Tucker, K. and Clark, L.H. (2019) Malignant Brenner Tumor of the Ovary: Case Series and Review of Treatment Strategies. Gynecologic Oncology Reports, 28, 29-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gore.2019.02.003

  6. 6. Sharma, M., Khangar, B., Mallya, V., Khurana, N. and Gupta, S. (2017) Coexisting Brenner Tumor and Endometrial Carcinoma. Journal of Mid-life Health, 8, 89-91. https://doi.org/10.4103/jmh.JMH_3_17

  7. 7. 高巍松, 赵华, 印永祥. 卵巢Brenner肿瘤24例临床病理分析[J]. 临床与实验病理学杂志, 2021, 37(1): 34-38.

  8. 8. Kondi-Pafiti, A., Kairi-Vassilatou, E., Iavazzo, C., Vouza, E., Mavrigiannaki, P., Kleanthis, C., et al. (2012) Clinicopathological Features and Immunoprofile of 30 Cases of Brenner Ovarian Tumors. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 285, 1699-1702. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-011-2182-5

  9. 9. Cuatrecasas, M., Catasus, L., Palacios, J. and Prat, J. (2009) Transitional Cell Tumors of the Ovary: A Comparative Clinicopathologic, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Genetic Analysis of Brenner Tumors and Transitional Cell Carcinomas. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 33, 556-567. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0b013e318188b84c

  10. 10. Ali, R.H., Seidman, J.D., Luk, M., Kalloger, S. and Gilks, C.B. (2012) Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary Is Related to High-Grade Serous Carcinoma and Is Distinct from Malignant Brenner Tumor. International Journal of Gynecological Pathology, 31, 499-506. https://doi.org/10.1097/PGP.0b013e31824d7445

  11. 11. Kuhn, E., Ayhan, A., Shih, I., Seidman, J.D. and Kurman, R.J. (2013) Ovarian Brenner Tumour: A Morphologic and Immunohistochemical Analysis Suggesting an Origin from Fallopian Tube Epithelium. European Journal of Cancer, 49, 3839-3849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2013.08.011

  12. 12. Roma, A.A. and Masand, R.P. (2014) Ovarian Brenner Tumors and Walthard Nests: A Histologic and Immunohistochemical Study. Human Pathology, 45, 2417-2422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2014.08.003

  13. 13. Lin, D.I., Killian, J.K., Venstrom, J.M., Ramkissoon, S.H., Ross, J.S. and Elvin, J.A. (2021) Recurrent Urothelial Carcinoma-Like FGFR3 Genomic Alterations in Malignant Brenner Tumors of the Ovary. Modern Pathology, 34, 983-993. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41379-020-00699-1

  14. 14. 王虹桥, 徐东东, 刘冲, 纪新强. 卵巢恶性Brenner瘤多发转移死亡一例并文献复习[J]. 国际生殖健康/计划生育杂志, 2021, 40(3): 202-203+215, 后插2.

  15. 15. 陈妤蓉, 张小燕, 曾春英. 卵巢恶性Brenner瘤2例并文献复习[J]. 临床与实验病理学杂志, 2015, 31(1): 96-98.

  16. 16. 钟萍萍, 朱力, 张立红, 郑兴征, 陈天宝, 徐飞, 等. 卵巢Brenner肿瘤的临床病理分析[J]. 中华病理学杂志, 2019, 48(8): 615-619.

  17. 17. Han, J., Kim, D., Lee, S., Park, J.Y., Kim, J.H., Kim, Y.M., et al. (2015) Intensive Systemic Chemotherapy Is Effective Against Recurrent Malignant Brenner Tumor of the Ovary: An Analysis of 10 Cases within a Single Center. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 54, 178-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2014.03.008

  18. 18. Yüksel, D., Kılıç, C., Çakır, C., Kimyon Cömert, G., Turan, T., Ünlübilgin, E., et al. (2022) Brenner Tumors of the Ovary: Clinical Features and Outcomes in a Single-Center Cohort. Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association, 23, 22-27. https://doi.org/10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2021.2021.0001

  19. NOTES

    *通讯作者。

期刊菜单