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Asian Case Reports in Oncology 亚洲肿瘤科病例研究, 2014, 3, 15-18
http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/acrpo.2014.31005 Published Online January 2014 (http://www.hanspub.org/journal/acrpo.html)
Type with Somatic Cell Malignant Mediastinal Teratoma:
A Case Report
Bo Zhang1, Wei Cao2, Zhonglian Huang1, Zhendong Chen1*
1Oncology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei
2Cardiothoracic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei
Email: *chenzhendong@csco.org.cn
Received: Nov. 20th, 2013; revised: Dec. 4th, 2013; accepted: Dec. 8th, 2013
Copyright © 2014 Bo Zhang et al . This is an open acc ess article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unre-
stricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the origin al work is properly cited. In accordance of th e Creative Commons At-
tribution License all Copyrights © 2014 are reserved for Hans and the owner of the intellectual property Bo Zhang et al. All Copyright © 20 14 are
guarded by law and by Hans as a guardian.
Abstract: Malignant mediast inal teratoma is an undifferentiated mature teratoma, wh ich is located in the mediastinum.
In clinical, it is very rare in China. Such patients mainly had chest tightness, shortness of breath for space-occupying
and oppression symptoms caused by adjacent organs as chief complaints. By image, it is hard to distinguish benign or
malignant mediastinal ter atoma, also no t easy to identify with other recurrent tumors in mediastinum, such as thymoma
and bronchial cyst. It can be well determined for tumor types by invasive examination (surgical excision or biopsy),
pathology inspection. In 10 years, there are very few clinical reports about the mediastinal malignant teratoma in China,
especially the malignant mediastinal teratoma with somatic cell type, which is of high malignant degree. Patients’
prognosis is poor with a short progression-free survival period. By reporting a case of malignant mediastinal teratoma
with somatic cell type, we discuss the interdisciplinary treatment for such disease.
Keywords: M alignant Mediastinal Teratoma; Somatic Cell; Interdisciplinary Treatment
伴体细胞型的纵膈恶性畸胎瘤病例报告
张 博1,曹 炜2,黄忠连 1,陈振东 1*
1安徽医科大学第二附属医院肿瘤科,合肥
2安徽医科大学第二附属医院心胸外科,合肥
Email: *chenzhendong@csco.org.cn
收稿日期:2013 年11 月20 日;修回日期:2013 年12 月4日;录用日期:2013 年12 月8日
摘 要:纵膈恶性畸胎瘤是占位于纵膈内的一种未分化成熟的畸胎瘤,临床上较少见。此类病患主要以胸闷,
气短等因占位压迫邻近器官造成的症状为主诉。在影像学表现上很难与良性纵膈畸胎瘤区分,也不易与纵膈内
其他常发肿瘤鉴别如胸腺瘤,支气管囊肿等。通过侵袭性检查(手术、穿刺活检)可明确,并在病理检验后确诊具
体类型。近十年内有关纵膈恶性畸胎瘤的报告较少,特别是伴体细胞型的纵膈恶性畸胎瘤,其恶性程度高,治
疗效果较差,病患预后不良,生存期很短。本病例报道一例伴体细胞型的纵膈恶性畸胎瘤,借此讨论此类肿瘤
的综合治疗方案。
关键词:恶性畸胎瘤;体细胞;综合治疗
*通讯作者。
OPEN ACCESS 15
伴体细胞型的纵膈恶性畸胎瘤病例报告
1. 引言
恶性畸胎瘤约占纵膈畸胎瘤10%,为未成熟性畸
胎瘤,伴体细胞型的纵膈畸胎瘤更极为少见。近年来
发现的伴体细胞型纵膈恶性畸胎瘤的影像学表现与
良性纵膈畸胎瘤类似,以囊性纵膈内占位为主,病患
也多以肿瘤压迫所致症状如胸闷,气促为主诉。但是
此类型肿瘤治疗效果差,复发率高,病患生存期短[1-3],
很难追踪临床治疗效果,此病的治疗方案一直在讨论
之中。本文报道了一例伴体细胞型纵膈恶性畸胎瘤病
例,并借此病例对此类肿瘤的术后治疗进行讨论及总
结。
2. 病历摘要
患者,女,45 岁,汉族,安徽舒城,从事化工制
品劳动 12 年。
患者于 2013 年8月出现活动后胸闷、气喘一周
于安徽医科大学第二附属医院,停经 8月否认呼吸系
统及心血管系统疾病史;;无肿瘤家族史;入院体检:
神清,步入病房,呼吸不促,皮肤巩膜无黄染及出血
点,颈软,浅表淋巴结未及肿大,胸廓无畸,听诊双
肺呼吸音清,未闻及明显干湿罗音。心尖搏动位置正
常,心率 78 次/分,律齐,各瓣膜区未及明显杂音,
腹部查体未见异常,四肢肌力正常,神经检查(-)。血
常规、尿常规、大便常规、肝肾功能无异常。2013 年
8月26日当地医院胸部 B超提示左侧胸腔囊实性占位,
考虑畸胎瘤可能。2013 年09 月03 日本院胸部增强
CT:左侧纵隔囊性占位,畸胎瘤可能性大(图1)。
2013 年09 年05 日于我院心胸外科行纵隔占位切
除术。术中见胸腔广泛粘连,肿瘤位于左侧胸腔,连
接前上纵隔,囊性,大小10 cm × 17 cm × 18 cm。予
完整切除,查见囊肿表面光滑,包膜完整。术后病理:
(纵隔)伴体细胞型恶性肿瘤的畸胎瘤(腺癌在畸胎瘤
中)(图2)。
2013 年9月6日术后 CT:左侧胸壁下软组织积
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)
Figure 1. (a) - (f): 2013.09.03 enhanced chest CT. In left mediastinal there is a lumpy, mixed and hypodense foci, with clear boundary, with
visible complete capsule, the size of about 9.7 cm * 7.3 cm. Inside there is fat-like hypodense foci, the CT value about -100 HU, and shows
multiple nodular lumps and higher density; its inner and envelope shows multiple calcified spots. Impression: The left mediastinal space
occupying, of high possibility of large teratoma
图1. (a)~(f):2013.09.03 胸部增强 CT。纵隔左侧内可见一团块状混杂低密度灶,边界清晰。可见完整包膜,大小约 9.7 cm*7.3 cm,内可
见片状脂肪样低密度灶,CT 值约-100 HU,并可见多发团状及结节状稍高密度影;其内及包膜可见多发斑点钙化灶。提示:左侧纵隔占位,
畸胎瘤可能性大
(a) (b)
Figure 2. 2013.09.05 postoperative pathology. Visual inspection: grey, brown oval cystic sample with white capsule, the size of 13.0 cm * 11.0
cm * 8.0 cm, sample filled with yellow broken slag; The microscopic examination: a large number of tumor cells are arranged in shape of the
gland, cell abnormal obviously, and part of fibrocartilage. Pathological diagnosis: malignant teratoma with somatic cell (adenocarcinoma in
teratoma)
图2. 2013.09.05术后病理。大体检查:灰白灰褐囊样卵圆样囊性标本,大小 13. 0 cm × 11.0 cm × 8.0 cm,囊内充满黄色碎渣;镜下检查:
大量肿瘤细胞排列成腺管状,细胞异型明显,及部分纤维软骨成分。病理诊断:伴体细胞型恶性肿瘤的畸胎瘤(腺癌在畸胎瘤中)
OPEN ACCESS
16
伴体细胞型的纵膈恶性畸胎瘤病例报告
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)
Figure 3. (a) - (f): 2013.10.17 enhanced chest CT. Mediastinum center. multiple small and swollen lymph nodes were observed inside medias-
tinum, left behind the sternum, close to the hear t marg in; a small amount of effusion on the left side of the pericardium, left pleural thicken-
ing; a large patch of low density shadow on the left side of the chest cavity, the range of about 6.8 cm * 4.9 cm, CT value about 13 HU, patchy
soft tissue density around the shadow. Impression: lateral chest capsular effusion associated with incomplete adjacent segmental lung tissue
图3. (a)~(f):2013 年10 年17 日胸部 CT。纵膈内及胸骨左后方心缘旁见多发小及肿大淋巴结影,心包少量积液,左侧胸膜增厚,左侧胸
腔内见大片状低密度影,范围约 6.8 cm × 4.3 cm,CT 值约 13 Hu,周围见斑片状软组织密度影。考虑侧胸腔包膜性积液伴邻近肺组织节段
性膨胀不全
气,呈术后改变。术后恢复可,切口愈合良好。2013
年10 月24 日复查胸部 CT 提示左侧纵膈囊性占位,
考虑左侧胸腔包膜性积液伴邻近肺组织节段性膨胀
不全(图3)。
3. 讨论
患者起病时为胸闷、气喘,系肿瘤压迫引起的呼
吸道症状。影像学检查结提示为一囊性占位,考虑偏
向于畸胎瘤。纵膈畸胎类肿瘤或囊肿者,不论良性或
者恶性,均应及早手术。患者接受手术治疗,及时缓
解肿瘤压迫所引起的症状。术中发现病灶为囊性,表
面光滑,包膜完整,符合畸胎瘤特征。术后病理为伴
体细胞型恶性肿瘤的畸胎瘤(腺癌在畸胎瘤中),伴体
细胞型的纵膈恶性畸胎瘤如为生殖源性肿瘤被报道
预后差,易复发转移[1]。术后 1月CT提示肿瘤未被
完全清扫,考虑复发。治疗前需完善性腺超声检查,
以排除性腺恶性生殖细胞肿瘤纵隔转移的可能[4]。此
类疾病一直未有公认的治疗方案,血清甲胎蛋白
(AFP)、绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)
等特异性肿瘤标志物水平的检测对是否为纵隔生殖
细胞肿瘤的诊断,治疗方案及预后有帮助[4]。
任何 AFP 升高都应考虑其含有非精原细胞肿瘤
成分,需按非精原细胞瘤性生殖细胞肿瘤(NSGCT)进
行治疗;约74%的NSGCT 伴有AFP 升高,38%伴有
HCG 升高;治疗过程中血清 AFP 和hCG 水平半衰期
的缩短速度被认为具有预后价值,半衰期快速缩短者
提示预后良好,半衰期缓慢缩短者预示复发进展较快
[4]。NSGCT 生长快,恶性度高,当发生严重外侵及远
端转移时手术无法切除干净,且对放、化疗不敏感,
预后不良[5]。化疗方案的选择中,以顺铂为主的顺铂 +
依托泊甙 + 博莱霉素(PEB)方案每 3周1次共 4个周
期,可使生存率明显提高[6]。当患者出现上腔静脉阻
塞、气管梗阻、化疗后病灶残余或复发、脑转移时,
可以考虑放疗。
HCG 和(或)LDH升高可提示为纵膈精原细胞瘤,
此类肿瘤可治愈。因对放疗敏感,无远处转移及明显
外侵的纵隔精原细胞瘤患者可给予 45~50 Gy 放射剂
量,包括纵隔及双侧锁骨上区,治愈率可到 50%~60%
[5],联用含顺铂的联合化疗已经成为首选治疗方案,
PEB3~4 个周期的化疗可使 67%~89%的患者达到全缓
解[6,7]。
4. 总结
伴体细胞型的纵膈恶性畸胎瘤,应属于纵膈恶性
畸胎瘤一种恶变类型,临床上十分罕见。治疗时应完
善性腺超声检查,检测 AFP、HCG、LDH 以帮助提
示是否为生殖细胞源以指导治疗方案及预后评估。目
前仍无一公认的治疗方案。此病病患一般治疗效果差,
预后较差,生存期短。
参考文献 (References)
[1] Colecchia, M., et al. (2011) Teratoma with somatic-type malig-
nant components in germ cell tumors of the testis: A clinicopa-
thologic analysis of 4 0 cases with outcome correlation. Interna-
tional Journal of Surgical P athology, 19, 321-327.
[2] 余巨石, 吴强 (2000) 成人腹膜后囊性畸胎瘤腺癌变 1例.
临
床与实验病理学杂志
, 2, 146.
[3] Masunaga, A., et al., (2011) A case of granulocyte colony-sti-
mulating factor and interleukin 6 receptor-producing mediastinal
mature cystic teratoma with somatic-type malignancy. Pathology
International, 61, 243-247.
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伴体细胞型的纵膈恶性畸胎瘤病例报告
[4] Bokemeyer, C., et al. (2002) Extragonadal germ cell tumors of
the mediastinum and retroperitoneum: Results from an interna-
tional analysis. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 20, 1864-1873.
[5] Fizazi, K., et al. (1998) Initial management of primary medias-
tinal seminoma: Radiotherapy or cisp latin-based chemotherapy?
European Jour nal of Cancer, 34, 347-352.
[6] Anthoney, D.A., et al. (2004) Bleomycin, vincristine, cispla-
tin/bleomycin, etoposide, cisp latin che motherapy: An alternating,
dose intense regimen producing promising results in untreated
patients with intermediate or poor prognosis malignant germ-cell
tumours. British Journal of Cancer, 90, 601-606.
[7] Motzer, R.J., et al. (2000) Sequential dose-intensive paclitaxel,
ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide salvage therapy for germ
cell tumor patients. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 18, 1173-
11 80.
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