Advances in Clinical Medicine
Vol.4 No.04(2014), Article ID:14640,5 pages
DOI:10.12677/ACM.2014.44016

Clinical Curative Effect Observation of the Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC) with Capecitabine Medicine or Combination Chemotherapy

Jie Li1,2, Fenghu Li2, Jianying Chang2, Jiehui Li2, Jia Yuan2, Shiyuan Liu2, Li Ran1,2*

1Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang

2Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Department of Gynecological and Breast Oncology, Guizhou Cancer Hospital, Guiyang

Email: *ranli171@hotmail.com

Copyright © 2014 by authors and Hans Publishers Inc.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Received: Nov. 14th, 2014; revised: Nov. 30th, 2014; accepted: Dec. 11th, 2014

ABSTRACT

Objective: To observe the clinical curative effect, toxic and side effect after the treatment of anthracene ring and Paclitaxel chemotherapy with capecitabine for the recurrence metastasis of breast cancer. Method: From July 2007 to June 2014, Guizhou tumor hospital’s breast and gynecological oncology section received and treated 20 patients with metastatic breast cancer, among which, there were 4 cases with neck and supraclavicular lymph node metastasis, 5 cases with pulmonary metastasis, 4 cases with bone metastases, 1 case with liver metastasis, 1 case with brain metastases, 1 case with skin metastasis, 1 case with contralateral breast transfer and 3 cases with systemic multiple transfer. All patients underwent anthracycline or/and taxane adjuvant chemotherapy. They were given capecitabine medicine or combination chemotherapy. The median KPS score before the treatment in full cases was 90. there were 2 cases with capecitabine medicine; 2 cases with Capecitabine combined with Trastuzumab; 1 case with Capecitabine combined with bevacizumab; 9 cases with Capecitabine combined with gemcitabine; 1 case with Capecitabine combined with cis-platinum; 2 cases with Capecitabine combined with TAX (taxol); 3 cases with Capecitabine combined with docetaxel; 2 - 6 cycles of chemotherapy, the median cycles: 4. For all patients, the objective evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST version 1.0) was used to evaluate the curative effect, and adverse reaction was evaluated by the toxicity of anticancer drug WHO standard evaluation. Result: There was 1 case lost to evaluate because of failure to follow-up. There were 19 cases evaluable, among which, 1 case reached CR; 6 cases reached PR; 6 cases reached SD; 6 cases reached PD, the effective rate of 36.8% (7/19). Transfer time is 2 - 33 months after treatment. The progression-free survival is 13 months. In 20 cases, 1 case had 4 degrees of bone marrow inhibition, 1 case had level 3 vomit gastrointestinal reaction, and they got better after symptomatic treatment; the remaining patients with 1 - 2 levels of digestive tract reaction could tolerate. There were 4 cases with 1 - 2 levels of extremities syndrome. Conclusion: The capecitabine multidrug therapy has certain curative effect on the metastatic breast cancer with failure of anthracene ring and Paclitaxel chemotherapy and the adverse reactions can be tolerated, so it is an effective treatment scheme.

Keywords:Metastatic Breast Cancer, Capecitabine, Clinical Curative Effect, The Toxic and Side Reaction, Progression-Free Survival

卡培他滨单药或联合方案治疗转移性乳腺癌临床疗效观察

李  杰1,2,李凤虎2,常建英2,李杰慧2,袁  佳2,刘诗苑2,冉  立1,2*

1贵阳医学院,贵阳

2贵州省肿瘤医院/贵阳医学院附属肿瘤医院乳腺、妇科肿瘤科,贵阳

Email: *ranli171@hotmail.com

收稿日期:2014年11月14日;修回日期:2014年11月30日;录用日期:2014年12月11日

摘  要

目的:观察卡培他滨单药或联合方案治疗蒽环及紫衫类化疗后转移的乳腺癌的临床疗效及毒副反应。方法:2007年7月~2014年6月贵州省肿瘤医院乳腺、妇科肿瘤科收治转移性乳腺癌20例,其中:锁骨上淋巴结转移4例,肺转移5例,骨转移4例,肝转移1例,脑转移1例,皮肤转移1例,对侧乳腺转移1例,多脏器转移3例。全组病例均行蒽环类或/和紫杉类药物辅助化疗。全组病例给予含卡培他滨单药或联合方案化疗。治疗前中位KPS评分90分。其中单药治疗2例;卡培他滨连用曲妥珠单抗2例;联合贝伐单抗1例;联合吉西他滨9例;联合顺铂1例;联合紫杉醇2例;联合多西紫杉醇3例;化疗周期数2~6周期,中位周期数:4周期。所有病例治疗后均根据RECIST实体瘤客观评价标准(1.0版)进行疗效评价,毒副反应按WHO抗癌药物毒副反应评价标准进行评价。结果:其中有1例因失访后未能进行疗效评价。可评价例数共19例,其中1例达CR;6例达PR;6例达SD;6例达PD,有效率为36.8% (7/19)。治疗后出现转移的时间为2~33月,中位无疾病进展时间(PFS)为13月。20例患者出现1例4度骨髓抑制,1例3级吐消化道反应,经对症治疗后好转,其余1~2级消化道反应患者均能承受。出现4例1~2级手足综合症。结论:以卡培他滨单药或联合方案对既往紫衫、蒽环类化疗失败的转移性乳腺癌患者有一定疗效,且不良反应可以耐受,可作为转移性乳腺期有效治疗方案。

关键词

转移性乳腺癌,卡培他滨,临床疗效,毒副反应,无疾病进展时间

1. 引言

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,全世界每年约有120万女性新发乳腺癌,50万人死于乳腺癌,约占癌症死亡的16%。乳腺癌的主要一线治疗药物为蒽环类及紫杉醇类。乳腺癌患者虽给正规治疗,但50.0%仍会发展为转移性乳腺癌[1] [2] 。转移性乳腺癌患者多经过以葸环类及紫杉类为基础的化疗方案治疗,当疾病再次出现进展后,可选择药物有限,且往往预后较差。有研究表明,卡培他滨在转移性乳腺癌中单药使用及联合其他药物使用,均有效[3] [4] 。近年国内外临床研究表明,卡培他滨对于转移性乳腺癌能获得较好的疗效[5] [6] 。李剑英、季从飞等学者报道,卡培他滨维持治疗晚期乳腺癌总有效率(CR + PR)为19.4%,生活质量明显提高[7] 。为进一步探讨转移性乳腺癌的化疗方案,对我科既往20例经含卡培他滨为主的化疗方案进行回顾性分析。

2. 资料与方法

2.1. 一般资料

收集我科收治20 例转移性乳腺癌患者,均为女性,年龄31~72岁,中位年龄为46岁,体力状况Karnofsky ≥ 70,术后有明确病理诊断,全组病例出现转移病灶前既往均接受过蒽环类或紫杉类化疗,经体检、影像学检查有可评价的临床或影像学观察指标。预计生存期大于3月。具体临床病例特征见表1

Table 1. Patients with clinical features

表1. 临床病例特征

2.2. 治疗方法

卡培他滨方案:卡培他滨1250~2500 mg/m2,分早、晚2次口服(餐后30 min),连续服用2周后休息1周为1个周期;其中2例联合化疗方案中:卡培他滨1250 mg/m2,余18例卡培他滨剂量均为2500 mg/m2;化疗周期2~6周期(见表2)。

2.3. 疗效与毒副反应评价标准

根据RECIST实体瘤客观评价标准,分为完全缓解(CR)、部分缓解(PR)、稳定(SD)和进展(PD)。CR或PR、SD患者至少化疗2周后复查确认疗效。有效率(RR) (%) = (CR + PR) × 100%。毒副反应按WHO抗癌药物毒副反应评价标准进行评价。无进展生存时间(PFS)指患者出现复发转移后的生存时间。

2.4. 随访

主要通过定期回院复查、治疗和电话随访。所有病例随访最后截止日期为2014年6月20日。随访率95%,失防率5%。

2.5. 统计学处理

采用SPSS 16.0软件进行统计学处理。

3. 结果

含卡培他滨为主化疗共20例,方案分为:单药2例,卡培他滨连用曲妥珠单抗2例;加贝伐单抗1例;联合吉西他滨9例;联合顺铂1例;联合紫杉醇2例;联合多西紫杉醇3例;其中有1例因失访后未能评价。可评价例数共19例,其中1例达CR;6例达PR;6例达SD;6例达PD,有效率为36.8%,中位无疾病进展时间为13月,20例患者出现1例4级白细胞降低,1例3级恶心、呕吐消化道反应,经对症治疗后好转,其余1~2级消化道反应患者均能承受。出现4例1~2级手足综合症,经治疗后好转。截止随访时间19例患者有5例存活。毒副反应见表3

4. 讨论

卡培他滨作为口服氟尿嘧啶类药物,口服后被主要存在于肝脏和肿瘤组织内的胞苷脱氨酶代谢转化,最后在肿瘤组织内被胸苷磷酸化酶(TP)转化为5-氟脲嘧啶,明显提高了肿瘤内的药物浓度,由于肿瘤内TP 酶的活性明显高于正常组织,卡培他滨具有靶向性抗肿瘤作用。同时,由于正常组织中的TP活性较低,可以明显降低正常组织中的药物浓度,达到既可以提高药物的抗肿瘤作用又可以减少药物的全身毒性作用,且对既往接受过5-FU治疗的患者仍然有效,并对蒽环类及紫杉类无交叉耐药[8] 。卡培他滨对TP 高的癌细胞非常敏感,基础研究表明乳腺癌组织中的TP表达阳性率高达80.9% [9] 。

Table 2. Chemotherapy cycle

表2. 化疗周期

Table 3. The toxic and side reaction

表3. 毒副反应

卡培他滨对含蒽环类和(或)紫杉醇化疗方案治疗失败的转移性乳腺癌患者疗效,已在多项大规模多中心性临床研究中得到证实,卡培他滨单药一线治疗的有效率为15%~37%,中位PFS为3~5月[10] 。对于HER-2阳性转移性乳腺癌卡培他滨联合靶向药物使用或HER-2阴性的患者单药使用卡培他滨有效率为28%~75% [11] -[13] 。在毒副反应方面,国内专家黄红燕、江泽飞等人研究中,卡培他滨单药或联合化疗方案中有效率为12.8%~53.8%,化疗毒副反应患者可以耐受[14] 。农先胜、黄显实在研究中提示,卡培他滨单药或联合化疗方案中有效率为25%~35%,发生Ⅲ级手足综合征、上消化道反应级Ⅳ级白细胞降低为15%,经对症处理后均不影响下一周期化疗[15] 。

总之,在本研究中,有效率为36.8%,中位生存期为13月,20例患者出现1例4级白细胞降低,1例3级恶心、呕吐消化道反应,经对症治疗后好转,其余1~2级消化道反应患者均能承受。出现4例1~2级手足综合症,经治疗后好转,不影响化疗周期。至随访时19例患者有5例存活。上述报道与国内外学者部分研究相符合,化疗毒副反应只有极少数患者出现3~4及不良反应,大多数患者完全能够耐受,综上所述,以卡培他滨为主的化疗方案对既往紫衫、蒽环类化疗失败的转移性乳腺癌患者有一定疗效,且不良反应可以耐受,是有效的一线治疗方案。但因本组病例数少,结果可能存在偶然性,需进一步扩大病例数证实。

基金项目

贵州省卫生计生委科学技术基金项目gzwjkj2014-2-140。

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NOTES

*通讯作者。

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