目前对于情绪调节的问题仍然被看作仅仅是认知策略问题,而生活中和实证研究的大量证据表明身体单侧运动可以缓解情绪强度,这说明现有的情绪调节理论存在一定的局限性。因此本文一方面梳理现有情绪调节理论和具身认知理论对情绪调节的看法,另一方面梳理现有的身体单侧运动对情绪调节影响的证据。前者一致发现身体的单侧运动符合具身模拟理论对情绪调节的看法,即身体参与到情绪加工中,并且可以调节情绪。而后者表明身体单侧运动调节情绪依靠的是大脑的左右侧前额叶的趋近-回避动机系统。文章还指出未来的研究方向,即对身体单侧活动的研究内容的深化和临床应用。 Nowadays, the research on emotion regulation is considered as a problem of recognizing strategy. But numerous evidences from life and empirical analysis prove that unilateral muscle contraction would regulate emotion, which proves the boundedness of emotion regulation theory. For classifying this question, this paper collected associated evidence from two areas of research: one is the area of embodied cognition and emotion regulation; the other is the area of evidence of unilateral muscle contraction regulating emotion. The former finding shows that simulation can explain the influencing mechanism of unilateral muscle contraction and emotion regulation. The last one reveals that the approach-avoidance mechanism from frontal cortex can influence the unilateral muscle contraction to emotion regulation. This article also reveals that the future research should focus on deepening the mechanism and clinical application.
首先,身体单侧运动对情绪调节的生理机制仍然需要更深入的探究,现有研究表明,除了中枢神经系统的左右前额叶对情绪调节存在重要作用(Harmon-Jones, 2006),外周神经系统可能同样会因为身体单侧运动的原因而产生变化,从而通过内分泌的激素对情绪进行调节。比如身体单侧运动可能会引起外周神经系统的肾上腺素,睾丸素和皮质醇的变化,而这些激素的变化会引起心率水平,血压的变化,从而影响情绪调节(Ranehill et al., 2015)。这都需要进一步的研究探索。
其次,现有研究表面身体的单侧运动会引起左右前额叶的变化,从而影响个体的积极和消极情绪(Harmon-Jones, 2006),愤怒攻击(Peterson et al., 2011)和行为侵犯(Peterson et al., 2008)。那么对于情绪导致的行为问题,是否可以通过身体单侧运动来进行调节了?此外,左右前额叶涉及的趋近-回避动机线索问题,身体的前倾和靠后和身体单侧运动一样存在类似的情绪调节(Ranehill et al., 2015),对于前额叶涉及到的情绪与动机的问题还需要更深入的探究。而且对于现有的身体单侧运动,仍然存在更多的内容有待发掘,比如个体单侧抖腿的活动,或者习惯用单侧手臂抚摸安慰自己。
李长燃,江 琦,刘欣怡. 身体单侧运动与情绪调节的关系 The Relationship of Unilateral Muscle Contraction and Emotion Regulation[J]. 心理学进展, 2018, 08(03): 330-336. https://doi.org/10.12677/AP.2018.83041
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