锑(Sb)是一种致癌元素,由于人类活动的影响导致我国部分土壤受到了严重的锑污染。土壤中的锑会被农作物吸收,通过食物链进入人体从而给人体健康带来潜在的危害。本文对国内外土壤锑污染来源、现状以及修复技术进行了综述,并对未来的土壤锑污染研究方向进行了展望。 Antimony (Sb) is a carcinogenic element. Parts of soils in China are seriously polluted by antimony due to the influence of human activities. Antimony in soil can be absorbed by crops and enter into the human body through the food chain, thus bringing potential hazards to human health. This paper reviewed the sources, status and remediation technologies of soil antimony pollution in China and abroad, thus gives an overview of the future research directions of soil antimony pollution.
黄艳超,刘 鹏,黄 萌,王毅琳. 土壤锑污染及其修复技术研究进展Research Progress of Antimony Contamination in Soil and Remediation Techniques[J]. 土壤科学, 2019, 07(01): 23-32. https://doi.org/10.12677/HJSS.2019.71004
参考文献ReferencesWilson, S.C., Lockwood, P.V., Ashley, P.M., et al. (2010) The Chemistry and Behaviour of Antimony in the Soil Environment with Comparisons to Arsenic: A Critical Review. Environmental Pollution, 158, 1169-1181.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.10.045Tapio, S. and Bernd, G. (2006) Arsenic in the Aetiology of Cancer. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 612, 215-246. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2006.02.001He, M.C. and Yang, J.R. (1999) Effects of Different Forms of Antimony on the Rice during the Period of Germination and Growth and Antimony Con-centration in Rice Tissue. The Science of the Total Environment, 38, 189-193.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00370-8Hammel, W., Debus, R. and Steubing, L. (2006) Mobility of Antimony in Soil and Its Availability to Plants. Chemosphere, 41, 1791-1798. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00037-0USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) (1999) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) on Antimony. National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Washington DC.Council of the European Communities (1976) Council Directive 76/464/ EEC of 4 May 1976 on Pollution Caused by certain Dangerous Substances Discharged into the Aquatic Environment of the Community, 23-29.WHO (1996) Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality: Volume 2. Health Criteria and Other Supporting Information. 2nd Edition, World Health Organization, Geneva, 937.Maher, W.A. (2009) Antimony in the Environment—The New Global Puzzle. Environmental Chemistry, 6, 93-94.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1071/EN09036Wang, X.Q., He, M.C., Xi, J.H., et al. (2011) Antimony Distribution and Mobility in Rivers around the World’s Largest Antimony Mine of Xikuangshan, Hunan Province, China. Microchemical Journal, 97, 4-11.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2010.05.011Gemici, U. and Tarcan, G. (2007) Assessment of the Pollutants in Farming Soils and Waters around Untreated Abandoned Türkönü Mercury Mine (Turkey). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 79, 20-24.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9087-9Hirner, A.V., Grüter, U.M. and Kresimon, J. (2000) Metal(loid)organic Com-pounds in Contaminated Soil. Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 368, 263-267. <br>https://doi.org/10.1007/s002160000451Qi, C.C., Liu, G.J., Chou, C.L., et al. (2008) Environmental Geochemistry of An-timony in Chinese Coals. Science of the Total Environment, 389, 225-234. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.09.007Li, J.Y., Zheng, B.H., He, Y.Z., et al. (2018) Antimony Contamination, Consequences and Removal Techniques: A Review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 164, 61-68.Wagner, S.E., Peryea, F.J. and Filby, R.A. (2003) Antimony Impurity in Lead Arsenate Insecticide Enhances the Antimony Content of Old Orchard Soils. Journal of Environmental Quality, 32, 736-738.
<br>https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.7360Tighe, M., Edwards, M.M., Cluley, G., et al. (2018) Colorimetrically Determining Total Antimony in contaminated Waters and Screening for Antimony Speciation. Journal of Hydrology, 563, 84-91.http://www.indexmundi.com/en/commodities/minerals/antimony/antimony_t9.html赵增兵. 铅锑多金属硫化矿中湿法制取锑白新工艺[J]. 现代化工, 2014, 34(3): 71-73.单桃云. 火法炼锑除铅渣中锑铅回收工艺研究[J]. 湖南有色金属, 2014, 30(2): 36-38.朱福良. 铅锑复杂硫化矿铅锑分离的理论及新工艺研究[D]: [博士学位论文]. 昆明: 昆明理工大学, 2003.肖振宇. 粤东北嵩溪银锑矿床地质地球化学及成矿模式[D]: [博士学位论文]. 合肥: 合肥工业大学, 2001.王学文. 铜电解过程砷锑酸的形成及作用机理研究[D]: [博士学位论文]. 长沙: 中南大学, 2003.Brieger, H., Semisch, C.W., Stasney, J., et al. (1954) Industrial Antimony Poisoning. Industrial Medicine and Surgery, 23, 521-523.唐书恒, 秦勇, 姜尧发. 中国洁净煤地质研究[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2006.Swaine, D.J. (1990) Trace Element in Coal. Butterworths, London.Shotyk, W., Chen, B. and Krachler, M. (2005) Lithogenic, Oceanic and Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Sb to a Maritime Blanket Bog, Myrarnar, Faroe Islands. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 7, 1148-1154.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1039/b509928pWang, X., Qin, Y. and Chen, Y. (2006) Heavy Metals in Urban Roadside Soils, Part 1: Effect of Particle Size Fractions on Heavy Metals Partitioning. Environmental Geology, 50, 1061-1066. <br>https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0278-1Wong, C.S.C., Duzgoren-Aydin, N.S., Aydin, A., et al. (2007) Evidence of Excessive Releases of Metals from Primitive e-Waste Processing in Guiyu, China. Environmental Pollution, 148, 62-72.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.11.006Zhang, H., Ma, D., Xie, Q., et al. (1999) An Approach to Studying Heavy Metal Pollution Caused by Modern City Development in Nanjing, China. Environmental Geology, 38, 223-228. <br>https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540050418Zhao, L., Zhang, F.S., Wang, K., et al. (2009) Chemical Properties of Heavy Metals in Typical Hospital Waste Incinerator Ashes in China. Waste Management, 29, 1114-1121. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.09.003Qi, C.C., Wu, F.C., Deng, Q.J., et al. (2011) Distribution and Accumulation of Antimony in Plants in the Super-Large Sb Deposit Areas, China. Microchemical Journal, 97, 44-51. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2010.05.016He, M.C. (2007) Distribution and Phytoavailability of Antimony at an Anti-mony Mining and Smelting Area, Hunan, China. Environmental Geochemical and Health, 29, 209-219. <br>https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-006-9066-9刘成佐, 刘富梁, 谢宗波, 等. 德安锑矿区土壤中锑的形态分析及生物可给性初探[J]. 东华理工学院学报, 2007, 30(4): 358-361.李航彬, 杨志辉, 袁平夫, 等. 湘中锑矿区土壤重金属锑的污染特征[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2014, 34(1): 70-74.陈秋平, 胥思琴, 陈洁薇, 等. 锑矿区土壤重金属污染及植物累积特征[J]. 环境科技, 2014, 27(2): 1-4.库文珍, 赵运林, 雷存喜, 等. 锑矿区土壤重金属污染及优势植物对重金属的富集特征[J]. 环境工程学报, 2012, 6(10): 3774-3780.Peng, K.J., Luo, C.L., Luo, L.Q., et al. (2008) Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals by the Aquatic Plants Potamogeton pectinatus L. and Potamogeton malaianus Miq. and Their Potential Use for Contamination Indicators and in Wastewater Treatment. Science of the Total Environment, 392, 22-29. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.11.032Qi, C.C., Liu, G.J., Yu, K., et al. (2011) Assessment and Distribution of Antimony in Soils around Three Coal Mines, Anhui, China. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 61, 850-857.
<br>https://doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.61.8.850郎春燕, 王登菊, 黄军. 成都燃煤电厂周围土壤中砷、锑、铅、锌分布特征及污染评价[J]. 环境化学, 2011, 30(8): 1439-1444.Zhang, X.Y., Tang, L.S., Zhang, G., et al. (2009) Heavy Metal Con-tamination in a Typical Mining Town of a Minority and Mountain Area, South China. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 82, 31-38.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-008-9569-4张军营, 钟秦, 任德贻. 黔西南一小型锑冶炼厂环境污染调查分析[J]. 环境与健康杂志, 2001, 18(2): 95-96.童方平, 徐艳平, 龙应忠, 等. 冷水江锑矿区重金属污染林地土壤环境质量评价[J]. 中国农学通报, 2008, 24(12): 179-183.莫昌琍, 吴丰昌, 符志友, 等. 湖南锡矿山锑矿区农用土壤锑、砷及汞的污染状况初探[J]. 矿物学报, 2013, 33(3): 344-350.Wilson, N.J., Craw, D. and Hunter, K. (2004) Antimony Distribution and Environ-mental Mobility at an Historic Antimony Smelter Site, New Zealand. Environmental Pollution, 129, 257-266.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2003.10.014Douay, F., Pruvot, C., Roussel, H., et al. (2008) Contamination of Urban Soils in an Area of Northern France Polluted by Dust Emissions of Two Smelters. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 188, 247-260.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9541-7Flynn, H.C., Meharg, A.A., Bowyer, P.K., et al. (2003) Antimony Bioavaila-bility in Mine Soils. Environmental Pollution, 124, 93-100. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00411-6Baroni, F., Boscagli, A., Protano, G., et al. (2000) Antimony Accumulation in Achillea ageratum, Plantago lanceolata and Silene vulgaris Growing in an Old Sb Mining Area. Environmental Pollution, 109, 347-352.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00240-7Ashley, P.M. and Lottermoser, B.G. (1999) Arsenic Contamination at the Mole River Mine, Northern New South Wales. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 46, 861-874. <br>https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0952.1999.00748.xTighe, M., Ashley, P., Lockwood, P., et al. (2005) Water and Pasture Nrichment of Antimony and Arsenic within a Coastal Floodplain System. Science of the Total Environment, 347, 175-186.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.008Telford, K., Maher, W., Krikowa, F., et al. (2009) Bioaccumulation of Antimony and Arsenic in a Highly Contaminated Stream Adjacent to the Hillgrove Mone, NSW, Australia. Environmental Chemistry, 6, 133-143.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1071/EN08097Pratas, J., Prasad, M.N.V., Freitas, H., et al. (2005) Plants Growing in Abandoned Mines of Portugal Are Useful for Biogeochemical Exploration of Arsenic, Antimony, Tungsten and Mine Reclamation. Journal of Geo-chemical Exploration, 85, 99-107. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2004.11.003Rapant, S., Dietzova, Z. and Cicmanova, S. (2006) Environmental and Health Risk Assessment in Abandoned Mining Area, Zlata Idka, Slovakia. Environmental Geochemistry, 51, 387-397. <br>https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0334-xJohnson, C.A., Moench, H., Wersin, P., et al. (2005) Solubility of Antimony and Other Elements in Samples Taken from Shooting Ranges. Journal of Environmental Quality, 34, 248-254.Scheinost, A.C., Rossberg, A., Vantelon, D., et al. (2006) Quantitative Antimony Speciation in Shooting Range Soils by EXAFS Spectroscopy. Geochimica et. Cosmochimica Acta, 70, 3299-3312.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.03.020Robinson, B.H., Bischofberger, S., Stoll, A., et al. (2008) Plant Uptake of Trace Elements on a Swiss Military Shooting Range: Uptake Pathways and Land Management Implications. Environmental Pollution, 153, 668-676.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.08.034宋刚练. 重金属锑污染土壤固化–稳定化修复技术研究及应用[J]. 环境与可持续发展, 2018, 43(2): 61-64.Spuller, C., Weigand, H. and Marb, C. (2007) Trace Metal Stabilisation in a Shooting Range Soil: Mobility and Phytotoxicity. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 141, 378-387. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.05.082Hale, B., Evans, L. and Lambert, R. (2012) Effects of Cement or Lime on Cd, Co., Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb and Zn Mobility in Field-Contaminated and Aged Soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 199-200, 119-127.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.10.065何孟尝, 谢南岳, 余维德, 等. 土壤中Sb对水稻的污染及改良措施[J]. 河南农学院报, 1994, 20: 47-51.Alvarez-Ayuso, E., Otones, V., Murciego, A., et al. (2013) Evaluation of Different Amend-ments to Stabilize Antimony in Mining Polluted Soils. Chemosphere, 90, 2233-2239. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.09.086Griggs, C.S., Martin, W.A., Larson, S.L., et al. (2011) The Effect of Phosphate Application on the Mobility of Antimony in Firing Range Soils. Science of the Total Environment, 409, 2397-2403.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.043Conesa, H.M., Wieser, M., Gasser, M., et al. (2010) Effects of Three Amendments on Extractability and Fractionation of Pb, Cu, Ni and Sb in Two Shooting Range Soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 181, 845-850.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.05.090殷志遥, 和君强, 刘代欢, 等. 我国土壤锑污染特征研究进展及其富集植物的应用前景初探[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2018, 35(3): 199-207.冯人伟. 植物对砷、硒、锑的富集及抗性机理研究[D]: [博士学位论文]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2009: 81-82.王晓丽, 韦朝阳, 冯人伟, 等. 白玉凤尾蕨与印度芥菜对不同形态锑的富集与转化特征[J]. 环境科学学报, 2014, 34(3): 720-727.文吉昌, 胥思勤, 陈洁微, 等. 锑矿区土壤与植物中Sb和As的迁移过程研究[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2013, 36(7): 18-22.