疼痛威胁解释模型中提到注意偏向对慢性疼痛发生、发展和维持的过程起到重要的作用,但理论尚未得到充足的验证。该理论基于传统研究中的反应时(Reaction Time, RT)作为注意偏向的指标得出,但RT存在一定的局限。眼动追踪技术(Eye-tracking Technology)近几年被引入疼痛相关信息注意偏向的研究领域,且获得较为显著的结果。本研究通过收集所有疼痛相关信息注意偏向的眼动研究结果,对疼痛威胁解释模型的合理性进行验证,并对研究结果与其不一致的地方进行解释和补充,最终提出改善疼痛威胁解释模型的建议。 The threat interpretation theory of pain mentioned that attention bias plays an important role in the process of chronic pain occurrence, development and maintenance, but the theory has not been fully verified. The theory is based on the reaction time (RT) in traditional research as an in-dicator of attention bias, but RT has certain limitations. In recent years, Eye-tracking Technology has been introduced into the research field of pain-related information attention bias, and has obtained more significant results. This study verifies the rationality of the threat interpretation theory by collecting all the pain-related and eye movement studies, interprets and supplements the threat theory by looking into the inconsistencies in these eye-tracking studies, and finally puts forward suggestions for improving the pain threat interpretation theory.
疼痛相关信息,注意偏向,眼动技术,警觉性,脱离困难, Pain-Related Information Attentional Bias Eye-Tracking Technology Vigilance Disengagement Difficulty疼痛威胁解释模型的合理性
—来自眼动研究结果的验证
凌莹
西南大学,心理学部,重庆
收稿日期:2019年1月21日;录用日期:2019年2月5日;发布日期:2019年2月12日
摘 要
疼痛威胁解释模型中提到注意偏向对慢性疼痛发生、发展和维持的过程起到重要的作用,但理论尚未得到充足的验证。该理论基于传统研究中的反应时(Reaction Time, RT)作为注意偏向的指标得出,但RT存在一定的局限。眼动追踪技术(Eye-tracking Technology)近几年被引入疼痛相关信息注意偏向的研究领域,且获得较为显著的结果。本研究通过收集所有疼痛相关信息注意偏向的眼动研究结果,对疼痛威胁解释模型的合理性进行验证,并对研究结果与其不一致的地方进行解释和补充,最终提出改善疼痛威胁解释模型的建议。
除以上眼动指标外,有研究将刺激呈现的2 s (或1.5 s)过程中的眼动注视时间分为0~500 ms,500~1000 ms,1000~1500 ms,1500~2000 ms四个(或1000~2000 ms为一个,共三个)时间窗,分别代表注意的早期、中期、晚期和重注意期(re-engagement)。
4. 疼痛相关信息的注意偏向4.1. 疼痛相关信息的注意初始偏向
疼痛相关信息的眼动实验较多使用首次注视朝向(first fixation direction或 probability of first fixation)和首次注视潜伏期(first fixation latency 或 time to first fixation)来表示注意早期的偏向。这些研究结果表明,健康人群存在疼痛相关信息的注意早期偏向,表现为更快、更多地注视疼痛线索而非中性线索 [15] [16] ,也有研究发现健康人群对悲伤、快乐的表情也会表现出类似的注意早期偏向 [17] ,或者当快乐、生气、疼痛、中性同时呈现时,健康被试没有表现出明显的注意偏向 [5] 。
凌 莹. 疼痛威胁解释模型的合理性—来自眼动研究结果的验证Rationality of the Threat Interpretation Theory of Pain—Verification from Eye-Tracking Studies’ Results[J]. 社会科学前沿, 2019, 08(02): 202-208. https://doi.org/10.12677/ASS.2019.82030
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