分别于2018年2月(冬季)、2018年5月(春季)和2018年8月(夏季)采集胶州湾及青岛近海表层海水,对该区域表层水体中多环芳烃的季节分布、来源及生态风险进行了分析和讨论。结果表明,春季、夏季和冬季海水中多环芳烃的浓度分别为99.8 ng/L~366.7 ng/L、64.6 ng/L~253.3 ng/L和68.9 ng/L~234.0 ng/L。与其他地区表层海水中PAHs的浓度相比处于中等污染水平,与该海域之前的研究结果对比,发现表层海水中PAHs的浓度有逐年增加的趋势。多环芳烃的组成特征呈现出2-3环含量高于4-6环的含量。来源分析表明,胶州湾及青岛近海海域表层海水中的PAHs春季的主要输入源是石油源,夏季和冬季为石油源和燃烧源的混合来源。风险熵值法评估结果表明,胶州湾及青岛近海表层海水中菲(Phe)存在较高的生态风险,其它15种PAHs的风险处于中等水平;春、夏、冬季节差异不大。为胶州湾及青岛近海PAHs的污染控制和生态环境保护工作提供数据支持。
Surface seawater samples were collected from Jiaozhou Bay and Qingdao coastal water in February (winter), May (spring) and August (summer) 2018. Seasonal distribution, sources and ecological risk assessment of PAHs in surface seawater of this area were examined. The result shows that the concentration of PAHs in seawater in spring, summer and winter was 99.8 - 366.7 ng/L, 64.6 - 253.3 ng/L and 68.9 - 234.0 ng/L, respectively. Compared with the concentration of PAHs in surface sea-water of other regions,it is at a moderate level of pollution. And compared with the previous re-search results in this studied area, we found that there was an increasing tendency year by year for ∑PAHs. The compositional characteristics of PAHs show that the 2-3 ring congeners are higher than that of the 4-6 ring congeners. Source apportionment results suggested that main source of PAHs in surface waters of Jiaozhou Bay and Qingdao coastal area was petroleum source in spring, whilst a mixed source from petroleum and biomass burning was identified in summer and winter. The re-sults from risk quotient assessment showed that phenanthrene (Phe) may pose a relatively high ecological risk in surface seawater, while the other 15 PAHs are at medium risk, and there is no dis-tinct difference among spring, summer and winter. This provides data support for PAHs pollution control and ecological environment protection in Jiaozhou bay and Qingdao coastal water.
多环芳烃(PAHs),来源解析,风险评价,海水,胶州湾及青岛近海, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Source Apportionment Risk Assessment Seawater Jiaozhou Bay and Qingdao Coastal Water胶州湾及青岛近海表层海水中多环芳烃的季节分布、来源解析及风险评价
牛 妮,史晓凤,钟 彤,李先国,张大海. 胶州湾及青岛近海表层海水中多环芳烃的季节分布、来源解析及风险评价Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Surface Seawaters from Jiaozhou Bay and Qingdao Coastal Water: Seasonal Distribution, Sources Apportionment and Risk Assessment[J]. 分析化学进展, 2019, 09(02): 117-126. https://doi.org/10.12677/AAC.2019.92015
参考文献References韩彬, 蒋凤华, 李培昌, 张新庆, 宋转玲, 王小如. 南黄海中部海水、间隙水和沉积物中多环芳烃的分布及源分析[J]. 海洋科学进展, 2009, 27(2): 233-242.Li, W., Shen, G., Yuan, C., Wang, C., Shen, H., Jiang, H., et al. (2016) The Gas/Particle Partitioning of Nitro- and Oxy-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere of Northern China. Atmospheric Research, 172-173, 66-73.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.12.008Niu, L., Cai, H., Van Gelder, P.H.A.J.M., Luo, P., Liu, F. and Yang, Q. (2018) Dynamics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Water Column of Pearl River Estuary (China): Seasonal Pattern, Environmental Fate and Source Implication. Applied Geochemistry, 90, 39-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2017.12.014刘岩, 张祖麟, 洪华生. 厦门西港表层海水中多环芳烃(PAHs)含量分布特征及来源分析[J]. 海洋通报, 1999, 18(4): 38-43.Zhang, D., Liu, J., Jiang, X., Cao, K., Yin, P. and Zhang, X. (2016) Distribution, Sources and Ecological Risk Assessment of PAHs in Surface Sediments from the Luan River Estuary, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 102, 223-229.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.10.043聂利红, 刘宪斌, 降升平, 田胜艳, 张文亮, 张福, 等. 天津高沙岭潮间带泥螺体内多环芳烃的质量分数及富集特征[J]. 中山大学学报, 2008, 47(z1): 106-110.Harris, K.A., Yunker, M.B., Dangerfield, N. and Ross, P.S. (2011) Sediment-Associated Aliphatic and Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Coastal British Columbia, Canada: Concentrations, Composition, and Associated Risks to Protected Sea Otters. Environmental Pollution, 159, 2665-2674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.05.033Pan, J., Yang, Y., Taniyasu, S., Yeung, L.-W., Falandysz, J. and Yamashita, N. (2012) Comparison of Historical Record of PCDD/Fs, Dioxin-Like PCBs, and PCNs in Sediment Cores from Jiaozhou Bay and Coastal Yellow Sea: Implication of Different Sources. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 89, 1240-1246.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0836-zZhang, P., Su, Y., Liang, S.-K., Li, K.-Q., Li, Y.-B. and Wang, X.-L. (2017) Assessment of Long-Term Water Quality Variation Affected by High-Intensity Land-Based Inputs and Land Reclamation in Jiaozhou Bay, China. Ecological Indicators, 75, 210-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.12.035陈金瑞, 陈学恩. 近70年胶州湾水动力变化的数值模拟研究[J]. 海洋学报, 2012, 34(6): 30-41.李先国, 阎国芳, 周晓, 虢新运, 王岩, 刘金燕. 固相萃取–高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定海水中的多环芳烃[J]. 中国海洋大学学报, 2009, 39(5): 1087-1092.Yamada, M., Takada, H., Toyoda, K., Yoshida, A., Shibata, A., Nomura, H., et al. (2003) Study on the Fate of Petroleum-Derived Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the Effect of Chemical Dispersant Using an Enclosed Ecosystem, Mesocosm. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 47, 105-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00102-4李海燕, 段丹丹, 黄文, 冉勇. 珠江三角洲表层水中多环芳烃的季节分布、来源和原位分配[J]. 环境科学学报, 2014, 34(12): 2963-2972.田蕴, 郑天凌, 王新红. 厦门西港表层海水中多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量、组成及来源[J]. 环境科学学报, 2004, 24(1): 50-55.罗孝俊, 陈社军, 余梅, 麦碧娴, 盛国英, 傅家谟. 多环芳烃在珠江口表层水体中的分布与分配[J]. 环境科学学报, 2008, 29(9): 2385-2391.Ren, H., Kawagoe, T., Jia, H., Endo, H., Kitazawa, A., Goto, S., et al. (2010) Continuous Surface Seawater Surveillance on Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Mutagenicity of East and South China Seas. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 86, 395-400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2009.09.025张玉凤, 吴金浩, 宋永刚, 杨萌, 赵海勃, 李楠, 等. 辽东湾海水中PAHs分布与来源特征及风险评估[J]. 环境科学研究, 2017, 30(6): 892-901.Men, B., He, M., Tan, L., Lin, C. and Quan, X. (2009) Distributions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Daliao River Estuary of Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea (China). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 58, 818-826.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.01.022Li, P., Cao, J., Diao, X., Wang, B., Zhou, H., Han, Q., et al. (2015) Spatial Distribution, Sources and Ecological Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Seawater from Yangpu Bay, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 93, 53-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.02.015郎印海, 贾永刚, 刘宗峰, 高振会, 王鑫平. 黄河口水中多环芳烃(PAHs)的季节分布特征及来源分析[J]. 中国海洋大学学报, 2008, 38(4): 640-646.Wu, Y.-L., Wang, X.-H., Li, Y.-Y. and Hong, H.-S. (2011) Occurrence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Seawater from the Western Taiwan Strait, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 63, 459-463.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.03.008韩彬, 辛明, 陈发荣, 李培昌, 宋转玲, 王小如. 胶州湾东北部海域生态环境污染状况研究[J]. 岩矿测试, 2009, 28(6): 524-528.李先国, 邓伟, 周晓, 唐旭利, 虢新运, 王岩. 青岛近岸表层海水中PAHs的分布特征及物源初步解析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2012, 33(3): 741-745.孙晓霞, 松孙, 赵增霞, 沈志良. 胶州湾营养盐浓度与结构的长期变化[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2011, 42(5): 662-669.Yan, B., Abrajano, T.A., Bopp, R.F., Chaky, D.A., Benedict, L.A. and Chillrud, S.N. (2005) Molecular Tracers of Saturated and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Inputs into Central Park Lake, New York City. Environmental Science & Technology, 39, 7012-7019. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0506105Bouloubass, I., Fillaux, J. and Saliot, A. (2001) Hydrocarbons in Surface Sediments from the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary, East China Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 42, 1335-1346.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00149-7Readman, J.W., Fillmann, G., Tolosa, I., Bartocci, J., Villeneuve, J.P., Catinni, C. and Mee, L.D. (2002) Petroleum and PAH Contamination of the Black Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 44, 48-62.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00189-8Yunker, M., Macdonald, R., Vingarzan, R., Mitchell, R., Goyette, D. and Sylvestre, S. (2002) PAHs in the Fraser River Basin: A Critical Appraisal of PAH Composition. Organic Geochemistry, 33, 489-515.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(02)00002-5Kalf, D.F., Crommentuijn, T. and Plassche, E.J. (1997) Environmental Quality Objectives for 10 Polycyclic Aromatic Hvdrocarhons. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 36, 89-97. https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.1996.1495Wang, Y., Wang, J., Mu, J., Wang, Z., Yao, Z. and Lin, Z. (2014) Aquatic Predicted No-Effect Concentration for Three Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Probabilistic Ecological Risk Assessment in Liaodong Bay of the Bohai Sea, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 21, 148-158.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1597-x