限制性饮食者通过限制进食的方式来控制体重,但从长期来看,许多限制性饮食者并不成功。研究者指出自我调节在成功节食中的重要作用。在本研究中,我们回顾了限制性饮食行为中自我调节的相关研究,并从行为角度、生理角度和神经机制角度来探讨了自我调节的重要作用,并以“自我调节的力量模型”和“目标矛盾理论”来对当前现象加以解释。 Restrained eaters try to control weight by restricting food intake, but in the long term, many of them are not successful. Researchers suggested that self-regulation plays an important role in successful dieting. In this study, we reviewed the research of self-regulation in restrained eating behaviors, discussed the important role of self-regulation from the perspective of behavior, physiology and neural mechanism, and explained the current phenomenon with the theory of “The Goal Conflict Model” and “The Goal Conflict Model of Eating”.
限制性饮食,自我调节,目标矛盾理论, Restrained Eating Self-Regulation The Goal Conflict Model of Eating自我调节在限制性饮食中的重要作用
自我调节的力量模型(The strength model of self-regulation)假设自我控制的能力依赖于有限的、领域独立的资源 [17]。根据该模型,自我调节是一种有限的资源,就像肌肉力量一样,一旦用尽就需要休息以备重新使用。任何自我控制的努力都会暂时减少这种资源,导致自我调节的耗竭状态,从而使自我控制在随后的任何自我控制尝试中更有可能失败。因此,在与饮食无关的领域施加自控力后,自控力会减弱,当面对诱人但不健康的食物时,会导致进食量增加 [31] [32] [33]。也有研究发现自我调节资源对限制性饮食者进食的影响也与其本身感知到的调节成功性有关,具体而言,参与者在品尝一种诱人但不健康的食物之前,会在第一项任务中施加或不施加自控力。一开始进行自我控制的参与者比控制条件下的参与者吃得更多,与自我感觉不成功的体重调节者相比,自我感觉成功的体重调节者的这一效应有所降低,因此研究者指出降低自我调节损耗的敏感性将大大提高实现自我调节目标的几率 [34]。
3.2. 目标矛盾理论
目标矛盾理论模型(The Goal Conflict Model of Eating)认为在限制性饮食行为中,有两个主要的目标,即进食享乐目标和体重控制目标。对于需要限制进食的个体而言,体重控制目标是首要目标,具有高价值但需要长期努力。享乐目标则指个体预期某种食物带来的美味享受,属于近期目标。两个目标本质上是冲突的,一个目标的激活会抑制另一个目标。
王 维. 自我调节在限制性饮食中的重要作用The Important Role of Self-Regulation in Restrained Eating[J]. 社会科学前沿, 2019, 08(08): 1504-1509. https://doi.org/10.12677/ASS.2019.88205
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