语码切换是双语研究的一个重要领域。语码切换是双语者在两种或多种语言(或方言)之间转换的过程。本研究从语码切换代价的理论模型、研究对象及范式、相关实证研究等方面对国内外语码切换代价的研究进行述评,并对未来的研究发展进行了展望。这些研究成果给二语习得及教学提供了有益的启示。<br/>Language switch cost is an important field in bilingual research. Language switching is a process in which bilinguals transfer languages. This study summarizes and reviews the studies of language switch cost at home and abroad from the following aspects: its theoretical modules, research ob-jectives and modes, and empirical studies. This article also discusses future development of the research. The findings obtained from previous studies reviewed in this paper research provide useful insights for second language acquisition and teaching.
语码切换,切换代价,双语者, Language Switching Switch Cost Bilingual语码切换代价研究综述
Green [4] (1998)还提出了抑制控制模型(Inhibitory Control Model),该模型主要被应用于解释言语产出领域中语码切换代价的特点。根据抑制控制模型(Inhibitory Control Model),非目标语言和目标语言在语码切换过程中会相互抑制。当双语者从水平较高的语言切换至水平较低的语言时,由于水平较高的语言拥有更高的语言激活基准线(activation baseline level)且其被激活所需的时间更短,因此,水平较低的语言为了保证能够被顺利激活,需要对水平较高的语言进行更强烈的抑制。而当双语者从水平较低的语言切换至水平较高的语言时,需要耗费更久的时间来解除之前水平较低的语言对水平较高的语言的抑制。同样,由于低水平语言的语言激活基准线(activation baseline level)较低且其被激活所需的时间更长,水平较高的语言对水平较低的语言的抑制力会更小。当双语者从水平较高的语言切换至水平较低的语言时,需要耗费更短的时间来解除之前水平较高的语言对水平较低的语言的抑制。因此,双语者切换至水平较低的语言的切换代价小于切换至水平较高的语言的切换代价,切换代价呈现出不对称性的特点。
赵 燕. 语码切换代价研究综述A Research Review of Language Switch Cost[J]. 现代语言学, 2020, 08(02): 246-252. https://doi.org/10.12677/ML.2020.82034
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