大气氮沉降对陆地生态系统有着广泛的影响。陆地生态系统地下食物网复杂,对于维持物质循环有着重要作用。作为土壤食物网中重要的组成部分,土壤线虫类群对外界环境变化反应十分敏感。为了了解土壤线虫类群对大气氮沉降响应的研究进展,本文对不同生态系统的研究结果进行了总结分析。研究表明不同生态系统土壤线虫类群总丰度、类群多样性、不同营养类群以及多种线虫指数对氮沉降的响应均存在着差异。氮沉降主要是通过改变土壤条件以及土壤线虫食物资源来影响类群结构。此外,氮沉降对通常还耦合如CO2浓度、降水、温度以及磷等其他因子共同影响土壤线虫类群组成。 Atmosphere nitrogen deposition exerts profound effects on terrestrial ecosystems. Complex un-derground soil food webs in terrestrial ecosystems play an important role in maintaining the ma-terial cycle. As an important of soil food webs, soil nematodes community is sensitive to changes in the external environment. This paper summarizes the results of previous studies on the response of soil nematodes to atmospheric nitrogen deposition in different ecosystems. The results indicated that total abundance, diversity, trophic abundance and ecological indices were different in response to the nitrogen deposition in different ecosystems. Nitrogen deposition mainly affects nematodes community composition by changing soil conditions and food sources. In addition, nitrogen deposition usually couples with other factors such as CO2 concentration, precipitation, temperature, and phosphorus to affect the composition of soil nematodes community.
氮沉降,土壤线虫,气候变化,土壤食物网, Nitrogen Deposition Soil Nematode Global Changes Soil Food Web土壤线虫类群对氮沉降响应的研究进展
Lokupitiya等 [24] 通过在高山苔原生态系统中的研究表明当氮添加水平低于50 kg N∙ha−1∙a−1时对土壤线虫丰度未产生明显的影响,而当氮添加水平超过80 kg N∙ha−1∙a−1时能够对土壤线虫总丰度产生明显的抑制作用。不同水平氮添加对土壤线虫类群总丰度有着不同的影响,这表明土壤线虫总丰度对氮沉降的响应存在着阈值,氮添加水平是一个重要的影响因素。此外Zhao等 [25] 在热带次生林试验表明当氮添加水平在100 kg N∙ha−1∙a−1土壤线虫类群总丰度并没有出现明显的变化,这表明不同生态系统对于氮的添加的响应除了和氮添加水平有直接关系之外还和生态系统所处的环境条件差异巨大如背景氮沉降水平也有关系。
王宏林,王庆贵. 土壤线虫类群对氮沉降响应的研究进展Research Progress on Response of Soil Nematodes Community to Nitrogen Deposition[J]. 世界生态学, 2020, 09(02): 179-185. https://doi.org/10.12677/IJE.2020.92022
参考文献ReferencesReay, D.S., Dentener, F., Smith, P., Grace, J. and Feely, R.A. (2008) Global Nitrogen Deposition Andcarbon Sinks. Nature Geoscience, 1, 430-437. <br>https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo230Fowler, D., Coyle, M., Skiba, U., Sutton, M.A., Cape, J.N., Reis, S., et al. (2013) The Global Nitrogen Cycle in the Twenty-First Century. Biological Sciences, 368, Article ID: 20130164. <br>https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0164Bobbink, R., Hicks, K., Galloway, J., Spranger, T., Alkemade, R., Ashmore, M., et al. (2010) Global Assessment of Nitrogen Deposition Effects on Terrestrial Plant Diversity: A Synthesis. Ecological Applications, 20, 30-59. <br>https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1140.1Thomas, R.Q., Canham, C.D., Weathers, K.C. and Goodale, C.L. (2010) Increased Tree Carbon Storage in Response to Nitrogen Deposition in the US. Nature Geoscience, 3, 13-17. <br>https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo721Liu, X., Zhang, Y., Han, W., Tang, A., Shen, J., Cui, Z., et al. (2013) En-hanced Nitrogen Deposition over China. Nature, 494, 459-462. <br>https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11917Carreiro, M., Sinsabaugh, R., Repert, D. and Parkhurst, D. (2000) Microbial Enzyme Shifts Explain Litter Decay Responses to Simulated Nitrogen Deposition. Ecology, 81, 2359-2365. <br>https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[2359:MESELD]2.0.CO;2Wardle, D.A., Bardgett, R.D., Klironomos, J.N., Heikki, S.L., Putten, W.H. and Van Der Wall, D.H. (2004) Ecological Linkages between Above-ground and Belowground Biota. Science, 304, 1629-1633. <br>https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1094875Kardol, P. and Wardle, D.A. (2010) How Understanding Above-ground-Belowground Linkages Can Assist Restoration Ecology. Trends in Ecology, 25, 670-679. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2010.09.001Bernard, E.C. (1992) Soil Nematode Biodiversity. Biology Fertility of Soils, 14, 99-103. <br>https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00336257Yeates, G.W. and Bongers, T. (1999) Nematode Diversity in Agroecosystems. In: Invertebrate Biodiversity as Bioindicators of Sustainable Landscapes, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 113-135. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-50019-9.50010-8Kayani, M.Z., Mukhtar, T. and Hussain, M.A. (2017) Effects of Southern Root Knot Nematode Population Densities and Plant Age on Growth and Yield Parameters of Cu-cumber. Crop Protection, 92, 207-212. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2016.09.007Zhou, J., Chen, D., Huang, R., Huang, G., Yuan, Y. and Fan, H. (2019) Effects of Bacterial-Feeding Nematodes on Soil Microbial Activity and the Microbial Community in Oil-Contaminated Soil. Journal of Environmental Management, 234, 424-430. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.021Yeates, G.W. (2003) Nematodes as Soil Indicators: Functional and Biodiversity Aspects. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 37, 199-210. <br>https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-003-0586-5Van Den Hoogen, J., Geisen, S., Routh, D., Ferris, H., Traunspurger, W., Wardle, D.A., et al. (2019) Soil Nematode Abundance and Functional Group Composition at a Global Scale. Nature, 572, 194-198. <br>https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1418-6Song, M., Jing, S., Zhou, Y., Hui, Y., Zhu, L., Wang, F., et al. (2015) Dynamics of Soil Nematode Communities in Wheat Fields under Different Nitrogen Management in Northern China Plain. European Journal of Soil Biology, 71, 13-20. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2015.09.002Hu, J., Chen, G.R., Hassan, W.M., Han, C., Li, J. and Du, G. (2017) Fertilization Influences the Nematode Community through Changing the Plant Community in the Tibetan Plateau. European Journal of Soil Biology, 78, 7-16. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2016.11.001Shaw, E.A., Boot, C.M., Moore, J.C., Wall, D.H. and Baron, J.S. (2019) Long-Term Nitrogen Addition Shifts the Soil Nematode Community to Bacterivore-Dominated and Reduces Its Ecological Maturity in a Subalpine Forest. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 130, 177-184. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.12.007Liu, W., Jiang, L., Hu, S., Li, L., Liu, L. and Wan, S. (2014) Decoupling of Soil Microbes and Plants with Increasing Anthropogenic Nitrogen Inputs in a Temperate Steppe. Soil Biology Biochemistry, 72, 116-122. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.01.022Liu, J., Chen, Y., Du, C., Liu, X., Ma, Q., Zhang, X., et al. (2019) Interactive Effects of Nitrogen Addition and Litter on Soil Nematodes in Grassland. European Journal of Soil Science, 70, 697-706. <br>https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12779Sun, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, S., Dai, G., Han, S. and Liang, W. (2013) Soil Nematode Responses to Increases in Nitrogen Deposition and Precipitation in a Temperate Forest. PLoS ONE, 8, e82468. <br>https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082468Liang, S., Kou, X., Li, Y., Lü, X., Wang, J. and Li, Q. (2020) Soil Nematode Community Composition and Stability under Different Nitrogen Additions in a Semiarid Grassland. Global Ecology and Conservation, 22, e00965. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00965Wei, C., Zheng, H., Li, Q., Lü, X., Yu, Q., Zhang, H., et al. (2012) Nitrogen Addition Regulates Soil Nematode Community Composition through Ammonium Suppression. PLoS ONE, 7, e43384. <br>https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043384Hu, J., Chen, G.R., Hassan, W.M., Han, C., Li, J. and Du, G. (2017) Fertilization Influences the Nematode Community through Changing the Plant Community in the Tibetan Plateau. European Journal of Soil Biology, 78, 7-16. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2016.11.001Lokupitiya, E., Stanton, N., Seville, R. and Snider, J. (2000) Effects of Increased Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Nematodes in Alpine Tundra Soils. Pedobiologia, 44, 591-608. <br>https://doi.org/10.1078/S0031-4056(04)70074-8Zhao, J., Wang, F., Li, J., Zou, B., Wang, X., Li, Z., et al. (2014) Effects of Experimental Nitrogen and/or Phosphorus Additions on Soil Nematode Communities in a Secondary Tropical Forest. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 75, 1-10. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.03.019Bongers, A.M.T. (1988) De nematoden van Neder-land.Song, M., Li, X., Jing, S., Lei, L., Wang, J. and Wan, S. (2016) Responses of Soil Nematodes to Water and Nitrogen Additions in an Old-Field Grassland. Applied Soil Ecology, 102, 53-60. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.02.011Tenuta, M. and Ferris, H. (2004) Sensitivity of Nematode Life-History Groups to Ions and Osmotic Tensions of Nitrogenous Solutions. Journal of Nematology, 36, 85.张志委, 胡艳宇, 魏海伟, 侯双利, 殷江霞, 吕晓涛. 氮磷输入对过度放牧退化草原土壤线虫群落的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2019(11): 3903-3910.Williamson, V.M. and Gleason, C.A.J.C. (2003) Plant-Nematode Interactions. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 6, 327-333. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-5266(03)00059-1Phillips, R.P. and Fahey, T.J. (2006) Tree Species and Mycorrhizal Associations Influence the Magnitude of Rhizosphere Effects. Ecology, 87, 1302-1313. <br>https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1302:TSAMAI]2.0.CO;2王静, 胡靖, 杜国祯. 施氮磷肥对青藏高原高寒草甸土壤线虫群落组成的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2015(12): 20-28.Liang, W., Lou, Y., Li, Q., Zhong, S., Zhang, X., Wang, J.J., et al. (2009) Nematode Faunal Response to Long-Term Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Organic Manure in Northeast China. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 41, 883-890. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.06.018Sarathchandra, S., Ghani, A., Yeates, G., Burch, G. and Cox, N. (2001) Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphate Fertilisers on Microbial and Nematode Diversity in Pasture Soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 33, 953-964. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00245-5Eisenhauer, N., Cesarz, S., Koller, R., Reich, P.B. and Worm, K. (2012) Global Change Belowground: Impacts of Elevated CO2, Nitrogen, and Summer Drought on Soil Food Webs and Biodiversity. Global Change Biology, 18, 435-447. <br>https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02555.xThakur, M.P., Del Real, I.M., Cesarz, S., Steinauer, K., Reich, P.B., Hobbie, S., et al. (2019) Soil Microbial, Nematode, and Enzymatic Responses to Elevated CO2, N Fertili-zation, Warming, and Reduced Precipitation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 135, 184-193. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.04.020Butterly, C.R., Phillips, L.A., Wiltshire, J.L., Franks, A.E., Armstrong, R.D., Chen, D., et al. (2016) Long-Term Effects of Elevated CO2 on Carbon and Nitrogen Functional Ca-pacity of Microbial Communities in Three Contrasting Soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 97, 157-167. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.03.010Gaudnik, C., Corcket, E., Clément, B., Delmas, C.E., Gombert-Courvoisier, S., Muller, S., et al. (2011) Detecting the Footprint of Changing Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition Loads on Acid Grasslands in the Context of Climate Change. Global Change Biology, 17, 3351-3365. <br>https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02463.x.