超高强弹性铜合金是一类具有优异强度和导电导热性能的材料,目前已经广泛应用于载流元器件、电磁继电器以及航空航天器件等领域,其中Cu-Ti系合金因其优异的力学性能和加工成型性而得到关注。本文综述了超高强铜钛合金的合金成分设计、制备加工工艺和相关物理性能,在此基础上分析了铜钛合金开发应用中所需要解决的问题,并对铜钛合金的未来发展趋势进行了分析和展望。
Ultra-high strength elastic copper alloys with excellent strength, conductive and thermal conductivity have been widely used in the fields of current-carrying components, electromagnetic relays and aerospace devices. After years of research, a series of advances have been made in the research of Cu-Ti alloy materials. In this paper, the alloy composition design, preparation and processing technology and properties of superhigh strength copper-titanium alloy are reviewed, the problems to be solved in the development and application of copper-titanium alloy are pointed out, and the future development trends of copper-titanium alloys are analyzed and prospected.
高耐热铜合金,高强,高导,时效强化, High Heat Resistant Copper Alloy High Strength High Conductivity Aging Strengthening摘要
1State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha Hunan
2Ningbo Powerway Alloy Material Co. Ltd, Ningbo Zhejiang
3School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha Hunan
Received: Aug. 11th, 2020; accepted: Aug. 24th, 2020; published: Aug. 31st, 2020
ABSTRACT
Ultra-high strength elastic copper alloys with excellent strength, conductive and thermal conductivity have been widely used in the fields of current-carrying components, electromagnetic relays and aerospace devices. After years of research, a series of advances have been made in the research of Cu-Ti alloy materials. In this paper, the alloy composition design, preparation and processing technology and properties of superhigh strength copper-titanium alloy are reviewed, the problems to be solved in the development and application of copper-titanium alloy are pointed out, and the future development trends of copper-titanium alloys are analyzed and prospected.
Keywords:High Heat Resistant Copper Alloy, High Strength, High Conductivity, Aging Strengthening
参考文献ReferencesNagarjuna, S. and Srinivas, M. (2005) Elevated Temperature Tensile Behaviour of a Cu-4.5Ti Alloy. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 406, 186-194. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.06.064Suzuki, S., Hirabayashi, K., Shibata, H., et al. (2003) Electrical and Thermal Conductivities in Quenched and Aged High-Purity Cu-Ti Alloys. Scripta Materialia, 48, 431-435. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00441-4Soffa, W.A. and Laughlin, D.E. (2004) High-Strength Age Hardening Copper-Titanium Alloys: Redivivus. Progress in Materials Science, 49, 347-366. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6425(03)00029-XNagarjuna, S., Balasubramanian, K. and Sarma, D.S. (1997) Effect of Ti Additions on the Electrical Resistivity of Copper. Materials Science and Engineering A, 225, 118-124. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(96)10578-5张楠, 李振华, 姜训勇, 等. Ti含量对Cu-Ti合金时效过程的影响[J]. 材料热处理学报, 2016, 37(3): 36-40.Cornie, J.A., Datta, A. and Soffa, W.A. (1973) An Electron Microscopy Study of Precipitation in Cu-Ti Sideband Alloys. Metall Trans, 3, 727-733. <br>https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02643081Datta, A. and Sofia, W.A. (1976) The Structure and Properties of Age Hardened Cu-Ti Alloys. Acta Metall, 24, 987-1001. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(76)90129-2Woychik, C.G., Rioja, R.J., Massalski, T.B., et al. (1985) Decomposition of Rapidly Solidified Cu-Ti Solid Solutions. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 7, 1353-1354. <br>https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02670339卫英慧, 王笑天. Cu-Ti合金时效早期相变规律的研究[J]. 电子显微学报, 1997(2): 40-45.卫英慧, 王笑天. Cu-4%Ti合金胞状反应的研究[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 1997, 31(3): 49-52 + 64.卫英慧, 王笑天. Cu-4Ti合金调幅分解的TEM研究[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 1997(3): 5-8.Markandeya, R., Nagarjuna, S. and Sarma, D.S. (2004) Precipitation Hardening of Cu-Ti-Cr Alloys. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 371, 291-305. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2003.12.002Markandeya, R., Nagarjuna, S. and Sarma, D.S. (2005) Effect of Prior Cold Work on Age Hardening of Cu-4Ti-1Cr Alloy. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 404, 305-313. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.05.072Markandeya, R., Nagarjuna, S. and Sarma, D.S. (2006) Effect of Prior Cold Work on Age Hardening of Cu-3Ti-1Cr Alloy. Materials Characterization, 57, 348-357. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2006.02.017曹兴民, 李华清, 向朝建, 等. Zr的加入对Cu-Ti合金耐热性能影响的研究[J]. 热加工工艺, 2008(14): 16-18.杨春秀, 汤玉琼, 郭富安, 等. Zr对Cu-4Ti-0.05RE合金组织和性能的影响[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2010, 39(S1): 266-270.Nagarjuna, S. and Sarma, D.S. (2002) Effect of Cobalt Additions on the Age Hardening of Cu-4.5Ti Alloy. Journal of Materials Science, 37, 1929-1940. <br>https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015278610543Batra, I.S., Laik, A., Kale, G.B., et al. (2005) Microstructure and Properties of a Cu-Ti-Co Alloy. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 402, 118-125. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.04.015Semboshi, S., Ikeda, J., Iwase, A., et al. (2015) Effect of Boron Doping on Cellular Discontinuous Precipitation for Age-Hardenable Cu-Ti Alloys. Materials, 8, 3467-3478. <br>https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8063467Lebreton, V., Pachoutinski, D. and Bienvenu, Y. (2009) An Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Cu-Ti-Sn Alloys Rich in Copper. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 508, 83-92.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2009.01.050陈春宇. Cu-Ti-Sn导电弹性合金的组织与性能研究[D]: [硕士论文]. 西安: 西安理工大学, 2014.Wang, X.H., Chen, C., Guo, T.T., et al. (2015) Microstructure and Properties of Ternary Cu-Ti-Sn Alloy. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 24, 2738-2743. <br>https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-015-1483-4Liu, J., Wang, X.H., Guo, T.T., et al. (2015) Microstructure and Properties of Cu-Ti-Ni Alloys. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials, 22, 1199-1204. <br>https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-015-1185-9刘佳, 王献辉, 冉倩妮, 等. 时效态Cu-3Ti-1Ni合金的组织与性能[J]. 中国有色金属学报(英文版), 2016, 26(12): 3183-3188.刘佳, 王献辉, 郭婷婷, 等. 时效处理对Cu-3Ti-3Ni合金组织与性能的影响[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程(英文版), 2016, 45(5): 1162-1167.刘佳, 王献辉, 冉倩妮, 等. 深冷处理对Cu-3Ti-5Ni合金组织与性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2015, 40(11): 160-164.Konno, T.J., Nishio, R., Semboshi, S., et al. (2008) Aging Behavior of Cu-Ti-Al Alloy Observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy. Journal of Materials Science, 43, 3761-3768. <br>https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-2233-2孙晓春. Cu-3Ti-1Al合金的组织及性能研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 西安: 西安理工大学, 2012.冉倩妮. Cu-Ti-Mg导电弹性铜合金的组织与性能研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 西安: 西安理工大学, 2016.刘佳, 王献辉, 冉倩妮, 等. Cu-3Ti-2Mg合金的时效特征[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程(英文版), 2018, 47(7): 1980-1985.Li, C., Wang, X.H., Li, B., et al. (2020) Effect of Cold Rolling and Aging Treatment on the Microstructure and Properties of Cu-3Ti-2Mg Alloy. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 818, Article ID: 152915.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.152915董亚光. 高强导电Cu-Ti-Fe-Cr合金箔的时效行为研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 郑州: 郑州大学, 2019.Li, S., Li, Z., Zhu, X., et al. (2016) Microstructure and Property of Cu-2.7Ti-0.15Mg-0.1Ce-0.1Zr Alloy Treated with a Combined Aging Process. Materials Science & Engineering A, 650, 345-353.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.10.062Liu, J., Wang, X.H., Chen, J., et al. (2019) The Effect of Cold Rolling on Age Hardening of Cu-3Ti-3Ni-0.5Si Alloy. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 797, 370-379. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.05.091Markandeya, R., Nagarjuna, S. and Sarma, D.S. (2004) Pre-cipitation Hardening of Cu-4Ti-1Cd Alloy. Journal of Materials Science, 39, 1579-1587. <br>https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JMSC.0000016155.64776.52Markandeya, R., Nagarjuna, S. and Sarma, D.S. (2007) Precipitation Hardening of Cu-3Ti-1Cd Alloy. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 16, 640-646. <br>https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-007-9082-7Nagarjuna, S., Balasubramanian, K. and Sarma, D.S. (1997) Ef-fect of Prior Cold Work on Mechanical Properties and Structure of an Age-Hardened Cu-1.5 wt.% Ti Alloy. Journal of Materials Science, 32, 3375-3385.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018608430443Nagarjuna, S., Balasubramanian, K. and Sarma, D.S. (1999) Effect of Prior Cold Work on Mechanical Properties, Electrical Conductivity and Microstructure of Aged Cu-Ti Alloys. Journal of Materials Science, 34, 2929-2942.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004603906359Nagarjuna, S., Sharma, K.K., Sudhakar, I., et al. (2001) Age Hardening Studies in a Cu-4.5Ti-0.5Co Alloy. Materials Science and Engineering A, 313, 251-260. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01834-7