芭蕉的多个部位(根、茎、叶、花)均作药用,具有丰富的传统功效和较高的药用价值。目前,芭蕉中已鉴别出化合物300多个,主要是酮类、醇类、醛类、烯烃和酸类化合物等成分,具有抗糖尿病、抗炎镇痛、抗氧化、抗菌等多种药理活性。本文对芭蕉的化学成分和药理活性进行梳理、归纳,以期为芭蕉进一步的研究、开发提供参考和依据。 Many parts of Musa basjoo (rhizome, pseudostem, leaf, flower) are used for medicinal purposes with rich traditional efficacy and high medicinal value. At present, more than 300 compounds have been identified in Musa basjoo, mainly ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, olefins and acid com-pounds, which have anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, antioxidant, antibacterial and other pharmacological activities. This article combs and summarizes the chemical components and pharmacological activities of Musa basjoo, hoping to provide reference and basis for the fur-ther research and development of Musa basjoo.
芭蕉的多个部位(根、茎、叶、花)均作药用,具有丰富的传统功效和较高的药用价值。目前,芭蕉中已鉴别出化合物300多个,主要是酮类、醇类、醛类、烯烃和酸类化合物等成分,具有抗糖尿病、抗炎镇痛、抗氧化、抗菌等多种药理活性。本文对芭蕉的化学成分和药理活性进行梳理、归纳,以期为芭蕉进一步的研究、开发提供参考和依据。
芭蕉,芭蕉根,芭蕉油,芭蕉花,芭蕉叶,化学成分,药理活性
Feng Xu1, Xiujuan Wei1, Chongchong Yang1, Mei Zhang1, Teng Chen1, Hongmei Wu1, Xiangpei Wang2*
1Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang Guizhou
2Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang Guizhou
Received: Nov. 19th, 2020; accepted: Dec. 31st, 2020; published: Jan. 13th, 2021
Many parts of Musa basjoo (rhizome, pseudostem, leaf, flower) are used for medicinal purposes with rich traditional efficacy and high medicinal value. At present, more than 300 compounds have been identified in Musa basjoo, mainly ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, olefins and acid compounds, which have anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, antioxidant, antibacterial and other pharmacological activities. This article combs and summarizes the chemical components and pharmacological activities of Musa basjoo, hoping to provide reference and basis for the further research and development of Musa basjoo.
Keywords:Musa basjoo, Musa basjoo Rhizome, Musa basjoo Oil, Musa basjoo Flower, Musa basjoo Leaf, Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological Activities
Copyright © 2021 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
芭蕉(Musa basjoo Sieb.et Zucc)为芭蕉科芭蕉属植物,其营养价值和药用价值均较高 [
芭蕉根是贵州特色苗药,目前报道的芭蕉根化学成分多达157个,包括酮类、醇类、醛类、烯烃和酸类等化合物,其中醇类化合物为36个,占总发现化合物的23.684%,其次为酮类化合物33个,占总化合物的21.711%,而醛类和酯类化合物各为26、24个,分别占总化合物的17.105%和15.789%,酸类成分数量较少,占总化合物的6.579% [
序号 No. | 英文名字 English Name | 参考文献 Ref. |
---|---|---|
1 | 1-octadecene | [ |
2 | (E)-β-farnesene | [ |
---|---|---|
3 | (E)-Caryophyllene | [ |
4 | 1-pentadecene | [ |
5 | 1-docosene | [ |
6 | 1-hexadecene | [ |
7 | 1-tetradecene | [ |
8 | α-Calacorene | [ |
9 | α-Cubebene | [ |
10 | α-copaene | [ |
11 | α-Garjunene | [ |
12 | α-Copaene | [ |
13 | α-Selinene | [ |
14 | β-Elemene | [ |
15 | γ-cadinene | [ |
16 | Styrene | [ |
17 | calamenene | [ |
18 | Junipene | [ |
19 | Selin-4,7(11)-diene | [ |
20 | squalene | [ |
21 | Cadina-1,4-diene | [ |
22 | Calarene | [ |
23 | α-Ylangene | [ |
24 | 2-tridecanone | [ |
25 | 2,3-octanedione | [ |
26 | (4E, 6E)-1,7-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) hepta-4,6-dien-3-one | [ |
27 | (E, E)-3,5-Octadien-2-one | [ |
28 | 2-nonanone | [ |
29 | 2,3-Octanedione | [ |
30 | 2,4-dihydroxy-9-(4′-hydroxyphe nyl)-phenalenone | [ |
31 | 2,6-di (t-butyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one | [ |
32 | 2′,3,4′-trihydroxyflavone | [ |
33 | 2-Butanone | [ |
34 | 2-Heptanone | [ |
35 | 2-methoxy-9-phenyl-phenalen-l-one | [ |
36 | 2-hydroxy-4-(p-methoxyphenyl)-phenalen-1-one | [ |
37 | 2-hydroxy-9-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-phenalen-1-one | [ |
38 | 2-Nonanone | [ |
39 | 2-Vndecanone | [ |
40 | 3,3′-bis-hydroxyanigorufone | [ |
41 | 3-Methyl-4-Heptanone | [ |
42 | 3-methyl-Hexan-2-one | [ |
43 | 3-Octen-2-one | [ |
44 | 3-oxo-7,8-dihydro-α-ionone | [ |
45 | 4′-dehydroxyirenolone | [ |
---|---|---|
46 | 4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-9-phenyl-1H-phenalen-1-one | [ |
47 | 5-methyl-3-methylene-5-Hexen-2-one | [ |
48 | 6-methyl-5-Hepten-2-one | [ |
49 | (E, E)-farnesylacetone | [ |
50 | (E)-ocimenone | [ |
51 | piperitenone | [ |
52 | 2-heptanone | [ |
53 | Camphor | [ |
54 | (E)-geranylacetone | [ |
55 | irenolone | [ |
56 | lupenone | [ |
57 | β-sitosterol | [ |
58 | (S)-3-ethyl-4-Methylpentanol | [ |
59 | 10-epi-γ-eudesmol | [ |
60 | 1-Hexanol | [ |
61 | 1-Pentanol | [ |
62 | 1-Penten-3-ol | [ |
63 | 1-Octen-3-ol | [ |
64 | 2-ethylhexanol | [ |
65 | 24-methylenecycloartanol | [ |
66 | benzeneethanol | [ |
67 | 2-methyl-1-Butanol | [ |
68 | 2-methyl-2-hexanol | [ |
69 | 2-methyl-4-Heptanol | [ |
70 | 2-ethyl-1-Hexanol | [ |
71 | 3-methyl-1-Butanol | [ |
72 | 3-Methyl-2-Hexanol | [ |
73 | 3-methyl-3-hexanol | [ |
74 | 3-methyl-4-Heptanol | [ |
75 | 3-Octanol | [ |
76 | L-linalool | [ |
77 | p-cymen-8-ol | [ |
78 | α-terpineol | [ |
79 | 1-α-terpineol | [ |
80 | α-cedrol | [ |
81 | Stigmasterol | [ |
82 | dihydro terpineol | [ |
83 | trans-(1S,2S)-3-(4′-methoxyphenyl)-acenaphthene-1,2-diol | [ |
84 | linalool | [ |
85 | Heptanol | [ |
86 | Nonanol | [ |
87 | Hexadecanol | [ |
88 | cis-3-phenyl-acenaphthene-1,2-diol | [ |
---|---|---|
89 | Ethanol | [ |
90 | Isobutanol | [ |
91 | 1-hexanol | [ |
92 | phytol | [ |
93 | (E)-2-nonenal | [ |
94 | (E, E)-2,4-heptadienal | [ |
95 | (Z)-4-heptenal | [ |
96 | (E)-2-Octenal | [ |
97 | (Z)-3-Hexenal | [ |
98 | (Z)-4-Heptenal | [ |
99 | (E)-2-Butanal | [ |
100 | 17-octadecenal | [ |
101 | 2-methyl-Butanal | [ |
102 | 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde | [ |
103 | 3-methyl-Butanal | [ |
104 | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde | [ |
105 | 9,12-Octadecadienal | [ |
106 | benzaldehyde | [ |
107 | decanal | [ |
108 | E-2-hexanal | [ |
109 | nonanal | [ |
110 | Hexadecanal | [ |
111 | tetradecanal | [ |
112 | pentadecanal | [ |
113 | heptenal | [ |
114 | Pentanal | [ |
115 | octanal | [ |
116 | Isobutanal | [ |
117 | hexanal | [ |
118 | hexadecanal | [ |
119 | atraric acid | [ |
120 | nonoic acid | [ |
121 | myristic acid | [ |
122 | pentadecanoic acid | [ |
123 | vanillic acid | [ |
124 | linoleic acid | [ |
125 | oleic acid | [ |
126 | lauric acid | [ |
127 | palmitic acid | [ |
128 | Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate | [ |
129 | γ-nonalactone | [ |
130 | ethyl ferulate | [ |
131 | Methyl plamitate | [ |
---|---|---|
132 | Ethyl propionate | [ |
133 | butyl butylate | [ |
134 | bis-(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate | [ |
135 | trans-phydroxycinnamic acid ethyl ester | [ |
136 | Methyl caproate | [ |
137 | Ethyl Caproate | [ |
138 | methyl glycol phthalate | [ |
139 | Phthalic acid-(2-ethyl) hexyl ester | [ |
140 | dibutyl phthalate | [ |
141 | methyl ester 7,10,13-hexadecatrienoic acid | [ |
142 | Diethyl carbonate | [ |
143 | methyl linolenate | [ |
144 | Octodecyl acetate | [ |
145 | Bornyl acetate | [ |
146 | Butyl acetate | [ |
147 | Methyl acetate | [ |
148 | Ethyl acetate | [ |
149 | Isoamyl acetate | [ |
150 | Ethyl isobutyrate | [ |
151 | methyl palmitate | [ |
152 | ethyl palmitate | [ |
153 | cis-3-(4′-methoxyphenyl)-acenaphthene-1,2-diol | [ |
154 | trans-(1S,2S)-3-phenyl-acenaphthene-1,2-diol | [ |
155 | 8-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-acenaphthylen-1-one | [ |
156 | rel-(3S,4aR,10bR)-3-(4′-methoxyphenyl)-8-hydroxy-9-methoxy-4a,5,6,10b-tetrahydro-3H-naphtho[2,1-b] | [ |
157 | 7-hydroxy-2-phenylnaphthalene-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | [ |
表1. 芭蕉根的主要化学成分
目前对于芭蕉茎化学成分方面的研究较少,在芭蕉茎中共鉴定出化合物67个,其中醛类化合物有17个,占总化合物的25.373%,其次是醇类化合物,占总化合物的23.881%,而酯、酮类化合物较少,分别占总化合物的19.403%和20.90% [
序号 No. | 英文名字 English Name | 参考文献 Ref. |
---|---|---|
158 | Ethanal | [ |
159 | Isobutanal | [ |
160 | (E)-2-Butanal | [ |
161 | (Z)-2-Butenal | [ |
162 | 3-methyl-Butenal | [ |
163 | 2-methyl-Butenal | [ |
---|---|---|
164 | Pentanal | [ |
165 | Hexanal | [ |
166 | (Z)-3-Hexenal | [ |
167 | (Z)-4-Heptenal | [ |
168 | Heptanal | [ |
169 | (E)-2-Heptenal | [ |
170 | Octanal | [ |
171 | (E)-2-Octenal | [ |
172 | Nonanal | [ |
173 | Decanal | [ |
174 | 1,3,4-trimethyl-3-cycloh exene-1-carboxaldehyde | [ |
175 | Ethanol | [ |
176 | Isobutanol | [ |
177 | 1-Butanol | [ |
178 | 1-Penten-3-ol | [ |
179 | 3-methyl-1-Butanol | [ |
180 | 2-methyl-1-Butanol | [ |
181 | 1-Pentanol | [ |
182 | 3-Methyl-3-Hexanol | [ |
183 | 1-Hexanol | [ |
184 | 3-Methyl-2-Hexanol | [ |
185 | Heptanol | [ |
186 | 1-Octen-3-ol | [ |
187 | 2-ethyl-1-Hexanol | [ |
188 | Linalool | [ |
189 | Nonanol | [ |
190 | α-Terpineol | [ |
191 | 2-Butanone | [ |
192 | 3-methyl-Hexan-2-one | [ |
193 | 5-methyl-3-methylene-5-Hexen-2-one | [ |
194 | 2-Heptanone | [ |
195 | 3-Methyl-4-Heptanone | [ |
196 | 2,3-Octanedione | [ |
197 | 6-methyl-5-Hepten-2-one | [ |
198 | 3-Ochen-2-one | [ |
199 | (E, E)-3,5-Octadien-2-one | [ |
200 | 2-Nonanone | [ |
201 | Camphor | [ |
202 | 2-Vndecanone | [ |
203 | α-Ionone | [ |
204 | β-Ionone | [ |
205 | Methyl acetate | [ |
206 | Ethyl acetate | [ |
---|---|---|
207 | Ethyl propionate | [ |
208 | Ethyl isobutyrate | [ |
209 | Diethyl carbonate | [ |
210 | Butyl acetate | [ |
211 | Ethyl-2-methylbutyrate | [ |
212 | Isoamyl acetate | [ |
213 | Ethyl Caproate | [ |
214 | Bornyl acetate | [ |
215 | Methyl myristate | [ |
216 | Methyl palmitate | [ |
217 | Ethyl pentadecanoate | [ |
218 | Styrene | [ |
219 | β-Elemene | [ |
220 | Junipene | [ |
221 | Calamenene | [ |
222 | 10-Heneicosene | [ |
223 | (Z)-Limonene oxide | [ |
224 | 11-Tricosene | [ |
表2. 芭蕉茎的主要化学成分
目前已鉴定出芭蕉叶的化学成分共85个,包括醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类、烯烃和酸类化合物等。其中醇类化合物最多为28个,占总化合物的32.941%,其次是醛类,占总化合物的18.824%,而酮、烯烃类化合物分别为14和13个,占总化合物的16.471%和15.294%,酯类和酸类化合物较少,各占比为12.941%和2.353% [
序号 No. | 英文名字 English Name | 参考文献 Ref. |
---|---|---|
225 | 1-Hexanol | [ |
226 | 1-Pentanol | [ |
227 | 1-Penten-3-ol | [ |
228 | 1-Octen-3-ol | [ |
229 | 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-Cyclohexen-1-ol | [ |
230 | 2-heptanol | [ |
231 | 2-hexenol | [ |
232 | 2-methyl-1-Butanol | [ |
233 | 2-ethylhexylalcohol | [ |
234 | 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadiene-3-alcohol | [ |
235 | 3-hexenol | [ |
236 | 3-methyl-1-Butanol | [ |
237 | 3-Methy-2-Hexanol | [ |
238 | 3-octanol | [ |
---|---|---|
239 | 4-methyl-1-(1-methyl ethyl) ringAlkyl-3-ene-1-ol | [ |
240 | α,α,4-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanol | [ |
241 | α-ginsenol | [ |
242 | Benzenemethanol | [ |
243 | Linalool | [ |
244 | Alcohol already | [ |
245 | spathulenol | [ |
246 | Pentanol | [ |
247 | Neoisomenthol | [ |
248 | Cedar alcohol | [ |
249 | Ethanol | [ |
250 | Isobutanol | [ |
251 | Guaiacol | [ |
252 | Plant alcohol | [ |
253 | (E)-2-Heptenal | [ |
254 | (E, E)-2,4-heptadienyl aldehyde | [ |
255 | (Z)-3-Hexenal | [ |
256 | (Z)-2-Butenal | [ |
257 | 1,3,4-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde | [ |
258 | 2-methyl-Butanal | [ |
259 | 3-methyl-Butanal | [ |
260 | Benzaldehyde | [ |
261 | Heptanal | [ |
262 | Hexanal | [ |
263 | Nonanal | [ |
264 | Hexadecanal | [ |
265 | Pentanal | [ |
266 | Octyl aldehyde | [ |
267 | Isobutanal | [ |
268 | Palmitic aldehyde | [ |
269 | 2,3-Octanedione | [ |
270 | 2-Butanone | [ |
271 | 2-sec-Butylcyclopentanone | [ |
272 | 3-[(E)-4',8'-Dimethyl-3',7'-nonadienyl]-3-cyclohexe nyl methyl ketone | [ |
273 | 3-methyl-Hexan-2-one | [ |
274 | 6-methyl-5-Hepten-2-one | [ |
275 | α-Ionone | [ |
276 | β-Ionone | [ |
277 | Pyrrolidin-2-one | [ |
278 | Camphor | [ |
279 | Hexahydrofarnesylacetone | [ |
280 | Bicyclic[2,2,1]-1,7,7-trimethyl (1R)-2-heptanone | [ |
281 | tetrahydroionone | [ |
282 | Geranyl acetone | [ |
---|---|---|
283 | Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate | [ |
284 | 4,8,12,16-Tetramethylheptadecan-4-olide | [ |
285 | Ethyl benzene | [ |
286 | Ethyl Caproate | [ |
287 | Palmitic acid ethyl ester | [ |
288 | Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate | [ |
289 | Dihydroactinidiolide | [ |
290 | Methy acetate | [ |
291 | Ethyl acetate | [ |
292 | Ethyl isobutyrate | [ |
293 | Methyl Stearate | [ |
294 | Glyceryl palmitate | [ |
295 | 1-Docosene (CAS) | [ |
296 | α-Cubebene | [ |
297 | α-Muurolene | [ |
298 | β-Elemene | [ |
299 | σ-Cadinene | [ |
300 | Styrene | [ |
301 | Gu Ba ene | [ |
302 | Junipene | [ |
303 | caryophyllene | [ |
304 | neophytadiene | [ |
305 | α-Copaene | [ |
306 | (+)-Cycloisosativene | [ |
307 | α-Ylangene | [ |
308 | syringic acid | [ |
309 | palmitic acid | [ |
表3. 芭蕉叶的主要化学成分
芭蕉花中鉴别出化合物24个,包括烯烃类、醛类、醇类和酸类化合物等。其中烯烃类化合物较为丰富,其次为酯类化合物 [
序号 No. | 英文名字 English Name | 参考文献 Ref. |
---|---|---|
311 | Nonacosene | [ |
312 | 11-Tricosene | [ |
313 | 10-Heneicosene | [ |
314 | 1,19-Eicosadiene | [ |
315 | (Z)-9-Tricosene | [ |
---|---|---|
316 | (Z)-12-Pentacosene | [ |
317 | (E, E)-2,4-Decadienal | [ |
318 | Pentadecanal | [ |
319 | Tetradecanal | [ |
320 | Octadecanal | [ |
321 | Nonanal | [ |
322 | Heptanal | [ |
323 | buein | [ |
324 | (E)-2-Nonenal | [ |
325 | Sterol | [ |
326 | 1-Hexacosanol | [ |
327 | (2R,3S)-5,7,3',4',5'-pentahydroxyflavonol | [ |
328 | Ethyl palmitate | [ |
329 | Caffeic acid methyl ester | [ |
330 | 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxycarbonyl ethyl | [ |
331 | (Z)-14-Tricosenyl formate | [ |
332 | 1,7-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-heptane | [ |
333 | Palmitic acid | [ |
334 | Linoleic acid | [ |
表4. 芭蕉花主要化学成分
关于芭蕉的药理活性研究较少,主要包括抗糖尿病、抗炎镇痛、抗菌、抗氧化等,提示应对芭蕉的药用价值进一步开发利用。
体外研究发现芭蕉根甲醇部位、乙酸乙酯部位,以及芭蕉根与芭蕉花石油醚部位均可抑止α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性,其中从芭蕉根中分离得到的3,3'-bis-hydroxyanigorufone和2,4-dihydroxyl-9-(4'-hydroxy-phenylyl)-phenalenone均具有良好的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性 [
芭蕉根石油醚部位和正丁醇部位对二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀、棉球肉芽肿及角叉菜胶所致小鼠足肿胀均有显著的抑制作用,而芭蕉根80%乙醇提取物和水提取物对醋酸所致小鼠扭体有良好的抑制作用 [
芭蕉根、芭蕉叶柄汁液和芭蕉花均具有良好的抗菌作用。芭蕉根和芭蕉花的石油醚部位对金黄色葡萄球菌、耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌和β-内酰胺酶阳性的金黄色葡萄球菌有良好的抑制作用 [
综上,芭蕉具有丰富的化合物,如酮类、醛类、醇类、烯烃类等,不同芭蕉部位,其化合物的组成及其含量均存在一定的差异。近年的研究发现,芭蕉根、茎、叶和花均具有广泛的药理作用,但是其具体的药效物质基础尚不明确,需要进一步的研究。
芭蕉根、芭蕉茎汁(芭蕉油)、芭蕉花均是传统中药,但是目前的研究主要集中在芭蕉根。芭蕉根中的化合物,研究较多的为羽扇豆酮、β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇等几个成分,对于其他化合物的关注度不够,笔者认为可借助生物信息学等学科的方法和技术,加速芭蕉活性化合物的发现。芭蕉根药理研究方面主要关注其抗糖尿病的活性 [
贵州省中医药管理局中医药、民族医药科学技术研究课题(QZYY-2019-004);贵州省国内一流建设学科项目(中药学)(GNYL[
徐 锋,韦秀娟,杨冲冲,张 梅,陈 滕,吴红梅,王祥培. 芭蕉化学成分和药理活性的研究进展Research Progress on Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Musa basjoo[J]. 中医学, 2021, 10(01): 14-27. https://doi.org/10.12677/TCM.2021.101002