骨质疏松的主要特点是骨皮质变薄,骨组织量在单位体积内变少,骨质疏松症尤其好发于老年人和绝经后女性。随着我国人口逐渐步入老龄化阶段,骨质疏松渐渐成为威胁老年人生命健康不可忽视的疾病。由骨质疏松引起的骨折发生率也越来越高,骨折引起的相关并发症及由此引起的活动受限,都会产生严重后果,给患者生活质量及家庭经济带来沉重的负担,也给国家财政及医疗资源带来巨大的压力,因此了解骨质疏松的相关危险因素,包括个人因素、营养因素、不良的生活方式、药物及有关疾病的影响等,提高患者的认知水平并对此及时采取相关预防措施就显得尤为重要。
Osteoporosis is characterized by thinning of bone cortex and less bone tissue per unit volume. Osteoporosis is especially good in the elderly and postmenopausal women. With the aging of China’s population, osteoporosis has gradually become a serious threat to the health of the elderly. Incidence of fracture caused by osteoporosis is becoming more and higher. Complications associated with fractures and the resulting limitation of movement can have serious consequences. It brings a heavy burden on the quality of life of patients and the family economy, and also puts a huge pressure on the national financial and medical resources. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand the risk factors related to osteoporosis, including personal factors, nutritional factors, poor lifestyle, drugs and the influence of related diseases, and it is also vital to improve the patient's cognition level and take timely preventive measures.
骨质疏松症,危险因素,遗传因素,性别、年龄,生活方式,糖皮质激素, Osteoporosis Risk Factors Genetic Factors Sex Age Lifestyle Glucocorticoid摘要
Osteoporosis is characterized by thinning of bone cortex and less bone tissue per unit volume. Osteoporosis is especially good in the elderly and postmenopausal women. With the aging of China’s population, osteoporosis has gradually become a serious threat to the health of the elderly. Incidence of fracture caused by osteoporosis is becoming more and higher. Complications associated with fractures and the resulting limitation of movement can have serious consequences. It brings a heavy burden on the quality of life of patients and the family economy, and also puts a huge pressure on the national financial and medical resources. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand the risk factors related to osteoporosis, including personal factors, nutritional factors, poor lifestyle, drugs and the influence of related diseases, and it is also vital to improve the patient's cognition level and take timely preventive measures.
李慧慧,康 燕,刘蕴玲. 骨质疏松危险因素的分析研究Analysis of Risk Factors of Osteoporosis[J]. 临床医学进展, 2021, 11(02): 749-754. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2021.112107
参考文献References胡衍, 陈晓, 曹烈虎, 等. 重视老年骨质疏松性骨折骨修复问题[J]. 中国骨与关节杂志, 2019, 8(3): 161-164.Yaacobi, E., Sanchez, D., Maniar, H., et al. (2017) Surgical Treatment of Osteoporotic Fractures: An Update on the Principles of Management. Injury, 48, S34-S40. <br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2017.08.036Ahmad, I., Jafar, T., Mahdi, F., et al. (2018) Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism (TaqI and Apa1) with Bone Mineral Density in North Indian Postmenopausal Women. Gene, 659, 123-127.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.052Wang, Q.X., Zhao, S.M., Zhou, Y.B., et al. (2018) Lack of Association between Vitamin D Receptor Genes BsmI as Well as ApaI Polymorphisms and Osteoporosis Risk: A Pooled Analysis on Chinese Individuals. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases, 21, 967-974. <br>https://doi.org/10.1111/1756-185X.13282林雪完, 王娟. 雌激素和骨标志物与绝经后妇女骨质疏松的关系[J]. 中国老年学杂志, 2017, 37(2): 378-379.Lambert, M.N.T., Hu, L.M. and Jeppesen, P.B. (2017) A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Isoflavone Formulations against Estrogen-Deficient Bone Resorption in Peri- and Postmenopausal Women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 106, 801-811. <br>https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.151464陈建海, 李海, 杨洁, 等. 广西壮族绝经后妇女雌激素受体-α基因多态性对血清护骨素的影响[J]. 中华老年医学杂志, 2019, 38(1): 42-46.莫颂轶, 李海, 陈建海, 等. 雌激素受体-β基因多态性对广西壮族绝经后妇女碱性磷酸酶和骨密度影响[J]. 解剖学杂志, 2019, 42(5): 487-491.寿燕琼, 王雅君, 张燕, 等. 老年人骨质疏松性骨折风险与性别和股骨颈骨密度关系的研究[J]. 浙江医学, 2020, 42(17): 1875-1877.马文学. 老年骨质疏松症患者的流行病学特点及相关危险因素分析[J]. 中国综合临床, 2019, 35(6): 557-561.张萍, 原源, 李晓玉, 等. 不同性别老年髋部骨折患者骨密度T值及骨代谢状况分析[J]. 中华老年医学杂志, 2020, 39(1): 57-61.Bijelic, R., Milicevic, S. and Balaban, J. (2019) The Influence of Non-Preventable Risk Factors on the Development of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women. Materia Socio-Medica, 31, 62-65.
<br>https://doi.org/10.5455/msm.2019.31.62-65杨雪, 汤玉萌, 王春. 中老年骨质疏松女性饮食行为及综合营养评价[J]. 中国食物与营养, 2018, 24(12): 76-78.王芸, 史晓林, 刘康, 等. 饮酒对骨密度影响的Meta分析[J]. 中医正骨, 2019, 31(9): 20-25.文武, 侯铁奇. 不同运动强度对去势大鼠骨质疏松软骨形态的影响[J]. 中国骨质疏松杂志, 2020, 26(6): 876-880.唐杏, 孙玉明. 不同运动方式对骨质疏松症的影响[J]. 中外医学研究, 2019, 17(21): 183-185.胡晓磐, 李世昌, 孙朋. 运动对骨质影响的表观遗传机制研究进展[J]. 体育科学, 2020, 40(4): 59-66.Compston, J. (2018) Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: An Update. Endocrine, 61, 7-16.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-018-1588-2Wang, T., Yu, X. and He, C. (2019) Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines: Cellular and Molecular Drug Targets for Glucocorticoid-Induced-Osteoporosis via Osteocyte. Current Drug Targets, 20, 1-15.
<br>https://doi.org/10.2174/1389450119666180405094046Nicodemus, K.K. and Folsom, A.R. (2001) Iowa Women’s Health S. Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes and Incident Hip Fractures in Postmenopausal Women. Diabetes Care, 24, 1192-1197. <br>https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.24.7.1192Samelson, E.J., Demissie, S., Cupples, L.A., et al. (2018) Diabetes and Deficits in Cortical Bone Density, Microarchitecture, and Bone Size: Framingham HR-pQCT Study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 33, 54-62.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.3240