抑制剂改性方法可以直接有效地解决沥青释放挥发性有机物(VOCs)的问题。单一种类添加剂的加入会不可避免地对沥青高低温性能产生影响,尤其吸附剂类和阻燃剂类添加剂会导致沥青的低温延伸性能劣化,且单一种类添加剂难以达到理想的抑烟效果。因此,往往将不同种类添加剂复配使用,期望在抑烟的同时不影响沥青的使用性能。本文综述了沥青VOCs的危害,介绍了沥青VOCs复合抑制剂的研究进展,并对沥青VOCs复合抑制剂研究的前景进行了展望。
The method of inhibitor modification can solve the problem of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from asphalt directly and effectively. The addition of a single kind of additives will inevitably affect the high and low-temperature performance of asphalt, especially the adsorbent and flame retardant additives will lead to the deterioration of asphalt low-temperature elongation performance, and it is difficult to achieve the ideal smoke suppression effect. Therefore, different kinds of additives are often used together to suppress smoke without affecting the performance of asphalt. This paper summarizes the harm of asphalt VOCs, introduces the research progress of asphalt VOCs composite inhibitors, and prospects the research prospects of asphalt VOCs composite inhibitors.
The method of inhibitor modification can solve the problem of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from asphalt directly and effectively. The addition of a single kind of additives will inevitably affect the high and low-temperature performance of asphalt, especially the adsorbent and flame retardant additives will lead to the deterioration of asphalt low-temperature elongation performance, and it is difficult to achieve the ideal smoke suppression effect. Therefore, different kinds of additives are often used together to suppress smoke without affecting the performance of asphalt. This paper summarizes the harm of asphalt VOCs, introduces the research progress of asphalt VOCs composite inhibitors, and prospects the research prospects of asphalt VOCs composite inhibitors.
崔培强 [26] 研发了三种单体抑制剂和两种复合抑制剂。选用三种不同类型的单体抑制剂,包括SBS、活性炭和LDHs,分析证实了SBS和活性炭作为抑制剂对沥青VOCs的抑制作用明显,但是对沥青官能团种类影响不大。在确定了单体抑制剂最佳掺量的基础上,研发了两种复合抑制剂,复合抑制剂1 (4% SBS + 4%活性炭)和复合抑制剂2 (5% SBS + 4%活性炭),通过实验证实了复合抑制剂无论是在沥青高温融化、储运过程,还是在沥青混合料拌合、摊铺过程中,对沥青VOCs的抑制效果更佳。沥青中掺入复合抑制剂后,通过PM微颗粒物测试仪的检测,改性沥青混合料微颗粒物的释放量也有大幅度降低。通过开发的收集沥青混合料VOCs的两种装置,一种是收集沥青混合料在拌合状态下VOCs的挥发装置,另一种是收集沥青混合料从高温到冷却状态下挥发的沥青VOCs装置,结合称量法和紫外分光计,研究复合抑剂对沥青混合料拌合过程和高温到冷却过程中沥青VOCs释放的抑制情况。几种复合抑制剂对沥青VOCs中各种气体均有抑制作用,抑制效果由弱到强的顺序依次为复合抑制剂1 (4% SBS + 3% C) < 复合抑制剂2 (5% SBS + 3% C) < 复合抑制剂3 (4% SBS + 4% C) < 复合抑制剂4 (5% SBS + 4% C) < 复合抑制剂5 (4% SBS + 5% C) < 复合抑制剂6 (5% SBS + 5% C),且4% SBS + 4% C、4% SBS + 5% C和5% SBS + 4% C这三种复合抑制剂对VOCs气体的抑制作用十分接近,结合工程实际,复合抑制剂3 (4% SBS + 4% C)和复合抑制剂4 (5% SBS + 4% C)这两种复合抑制剂的抑制效率最佳。多环芳烃气体和其他烷烃类、卤代烃类气体的挥发速度并不是随着温度的上升呈上升趋势或是稳定趋势,挥发速率曲线随着温度的变化出现了波动 [27]。4% SBS + 4% C和5% SBS + 4% C两种抑制剂的抑制效果处于中间位置,并且出现了多次交叉,4% SBS + 5% C和5% SBS + 5% C两种抑制剂的抑制效果是最佳的,可是相对于4% SBS + 4% C和5% SBS + 4% C两种抑制剂,其针对多环芳烃的抑制作用并没有提高很多。PJ90 − 4% SBS + 4% C沥青和PJ90 − 5% SBS + 4% C沥青的残留稳定度和融循环强度比提高。复合抑制剂对沥路面施工过程VOCs抑制效果显著。在沥青混合料拌合和保温过程中,复合抑制剂对沥青混合料VOCs的抑制作用明显 [28],并对由此拌生的粉尘有一定的抑制作用,对于PM2.5和PM5两个评价指标,无论在拌合过程还是保温过程中,均大幅度超过国际和国家标准。复合抑制剂一定程度上减少了PM2.5和PM5两种微颗粒的排放,在保温过程中尤为明显。