为了探究澜沧江建坝对水质时空变化及其相互关联效应,采集2019年枯水期和丰水期小湾水库坝上坝下水体,分析常规指标水温(Temp)、pH、氧化还原电位(ORP)、电导率(EC)、浊度(Turb)、溶解氧(DO)及总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和重金属的时空分布特征及其关联效应。结果表明:1) 坝上下水体酸碱性无差异且呈中性,水温变化范围是15.86℃~25.17℃,DO介于7.12~14.14 mg•L−1之间,Turb介于141~211 NTU之间,EC介于33.60~41.67 uS•cm−1之间,ORP介于198~470 mV之间,总体水质良好。2) TN变化范围在0.19~0.72 mg•L−1、TP变化范围在0.011~0.033 mg•L−1,发生水体富营养化风险较低,TN和TP均是坝上高于坝下,枯水期高于丰水期;小湾水体中重金属大多达到了II类水标准要求。3) 水质中NTU、TDS、TP和TN与水体重金属含量相关性显著,水体中重金属Hg与Ni呈显著正相关关系。 In order to explore the temporal and spatial effects of dam construction on water quality change and its correlation, the water sampling at up and down of the Xiaowan Reservoir in 2019 wet and dry seasons was carried out. The conventional water temperature (Temp), pH, REDOX potential (ORP), electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity (Turb), dissolved oxygen (DO) and total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and the space-time distribution characteristics of heavy metals and their associated effects were analyzed. The results show that: 1) The water temperature is varied from 15.86˚C to 25.17˚C, DO from 7.12 to 14.14 mg•L−1, Turb from 141 to 211 NTU, EC from 33.60 to 41.67 uS•cm−1 and ORP from 198 to 470 mV, and the water quality is generally good. 2) The TN and TP are ranged from 0.19 to 0.72 mg•L−1, 0.011 to 0.033 mg•L−1, respectively. The risk of water eutrophication is relatively low. Both TN and TP are higher up the dam than down the dam, and the dry season is higher than the wet season. Most of heavy metals in water body have reached the II class water standards. 3) The NTU, TDS, TP and TN are significantly correlated with heavy metal content, while Hg and Ni are significantly positively correlated.
小湾水库,水质,时空变化,相关性分析, The Xiaowan Reservoir Water Quality Temporal and Spatial Variation Correlation Analysis摘要
In order to explore the temporal and spatial effects of dam construction on water quality change and its correlation, the water sampling at up and down of the Xiaowan Reservoir in 2019 wet and dry seasons was carried out. The conventional water temperature (Temp), pH, REDOX potential (ORP), electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity (Turb), dissolved oxygen (DO) and total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and the space-time distribution characteristics of heavy metals and their associated effects were analyzed. The results show that: 1) The water temperature is varied from 15.86˚C to 25.17˚C, DO from 7.12 to 14.14 mg·L−1, Turb from 141 to 211 NTU, EC from 33.60 to 41.67 uS·cm−1 and ORP from 198 to 470 mV, and the water quality is generally good. 2) The TN and TP are ranged from 0.19 to 0.72 mg·L−1, 0.011 to 0.033 mg·L−1, respectively. The risk of water eutrophication is relatively low. Both TN and TP are higher up the dam than down the dam, and the dry season is higher than the wet season. Most of heavy metals in water body have reached the II class water standards. 3) The NTU, TDS, TP and TN are significantly correlated with heavy metal content, while Hg and Ni are significantly positively correlated.
Keywords:The Xiaowan Reservoir, Water Quality, Temporal and Spatial Variation, Correlation Analysis
彭万辉,傅开道,杨福平,周艳和,黄 凯,宁 梅,薛瑞敏,朱 玘. 小湾水库水质指标差异及其关联分析Difference and Correlation Analysis of Water Quality Indexes of the Xiaowan Reservoir[J]. 水资源研究, 2021, 10(02): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.12677/JWRR.2021.102015
参考文献References于松延, 徐宗学, 武玮, 李艳利. 北洛河流域水质空间异质性及其对土地利用结构的响应[J]. 环境科学学报, 2014, 34(5): 1309-1315.
YU Songyan, XU Zongxue, WU Wei and LI Yanli. Spatial variation of water quality and its response to landuse in the Beiluo River basin. Journal of Environmental Science, 2014, 34(5): 1309-1315. (in Chinese)唐廉, 胡晓辉, 权冠中, 谢世友, 陈春秀. 潭江流域水质时空分布特征及其与土地利用的相关性分析[J]. 地球与环境, 2018, 46(4): 364-372.
TANG Lian, HU Xiaohui, QUAN Guanzhong, XIE Shiyou and CHEN Chunxiu. Spatiotemporal distribution of water quality in the Tanjiang River and its correlation with the land use. Earth and Environment, 2012, 46(4): 364-372. (in Chi-nese)LOPES, L. F. G., ANTUNES DO CARMO, J. S., CORTES, R. M. V., et al. Hydrodynamics and water quality modelling in a regulated river segment: Application on the instream flow definition. Ecological Modelling, 2004, 173(2-3): 197-218.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2003.07.009张馨月, 马沛明, 高千红, 严海涛, 钱宝. 三峡大坝上下游水质时空变化特征[J]. 湖泊科学, 2019, 31(3): 633-645.
ZHANG Xinyue, MA Peiming, GAO Qianhong, YAN Haitao and QIAN Bao. Spatial-temporal variations of water quality in upstream and downstream of Three Gorges Dam. Journal of Lake Science, 2019, 31(3): 633-645. (in Chinese)魏国良, 崔保山, 董世魁, 杨志峰. 水电开发对河流生态系统服务功能的影响——以澜沧江漫湾水电工程为例[J]. 环境科学学报, 2008(2): 235-242.
WEI Guoliang, CUI Baoshan, DONG Shikui and YANG Zhifeng. Impact of hydropower development on river ecosystem service: A case study from the Manwan Hydropower Project. Journal of Environmental Science, 2008(2): 235-242. (in Chinese)张继来. 澜沧江中下游水沙和鱼中重金属分布及其生态风险评价[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 昆明: 云南大学, 2015.
ZHANG Jilai. Distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in water, sand and fish in the middle and lower reaches of Lancang River. Master’s Thesis, Kunming: Yunnan University, 2015. (in Chinese)宋静宜, 傅开道, 苏斌, 黄启胜, 黄江成, 张继来. 澜沧江水系底沙重金属含量空间分布及其污染评价[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(3): 389-397.
SONG Jingyi, FU Kaidao, SU Bin, HUANG Qisheng, HUANG Jiangcheng and ZHANG Jilai. Spatial distribution of heavy metal concentrations and pollution assessment in the bed loads of the Lancang River System. Acta Geographia Sinica, 2013, 68(3): 389-397. (in Chinese)WU, W., WU, P., YANG, F., et al. Assessment of heavy metal pollution and human health risks in urban soils around an electronics manufacturing facility. The Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 630: 53-61.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.183尹云坤, 刘金山, 陈维东. 小湾水电站水库蓄水与库岸稳定[J]. 水力发电, 2015, 41(10): 79-81+86.
YIN Yunkun, LIU Jinshan and CHEN Weidong. Reservoir impoundment of Xiaowan hydropower station and the stability of reservoir bank. Hydraulic Power Generation, 2015, 41(10): 79-81+86. (in Chinese)李晋鹏, 彭明春, 董世魁, 李春青, 王丽珍. 澜沧江小湾水坝运行前后大型底栖动物群落及水质评价[J]. 环境科学研究, 2018, 31(11): 1900-1908.
LI Jinpeng, PENG Mingchun, DONG Shikui, LI Chunqing and WANG Lizhen. Assessment of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages and water quality in Xiaowan reservoir before and after dam operation, Lancang River. Environmental Science Research, 2018, 31(11): 1900-1908. (in Chinese)傅开道, 何大明. 澜沧江干流水库拦沙效应分析与预测[J]. 科学通报, 2007, 52(S2): 117-122.
FU Kaidao, HE Daming. Analysis and prediction of sediment containment effect of Lancang River reservoir. Science Bulletin, 2007, 52(S2): 117-122. (in Chinese)梁斯琦, 陆颖, 杨福平, 赵著燕, 肖复晋, 蒋永健. 澜沧江小湾水电站坝前水温垂向分布特征[J]. 南水北调与水利科技, 2019, 17(6): 156-162.
LIANG Siqi, LU Ying, YANG Fuping, ZHAO Zhuyan, XIAO Fujin and JIANG Yongjian. Vertical distribution characteristics of water temperature in front of Xiaowan Hydropower Plant on Lancang River. South-to-North Water Diversion Project and Water Conservancy Technology, 2019, 17(6): 156-162. (in Chinese)COLLVIN, L. Effects of copper on growth and starvation in perch, Perca fluviatilis L. Journal of Fish Biology, 1985, 27(6): 757-764. <br>https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1985.tb03218.x王桢, 张建强, 渡边泉, 等. 铁路和道路沿线土壤重金属含量及来源解析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2018, 27(2): 364-372.
WANG Zhen, ZHANG Jianqiang, DUBIAN Quan, et al. Concentrations and sources of heavy metals in soil near railway and road. Journal of Ecological Environment, 2018, 27(2): 364-372. (in Chinese)侯凤兰, 吕光辉, 金淑聪, 陈悦, 滕德雄. 青格达湖重金属分布特征及健康风险水平[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2019, 42(1): 218-225.
HOU Fenglan, LV Guanghui, JIN Shucong, CHEN Yue and TENG Dexiong. Spatial characteristics of heavy metal in Qinggeda Lake and related health risk assessment. Environmental Science and Technology, 2019, 42(1): 218-225. (in Chinese)史香爽. 海河干流水体中重金属元素地球化学及时空分布特征[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 天津: 天津师范大学, 2014.
SHI Xiangshuang. Geochemical and spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of heavy metal elements in the water of Haihe River trunk stream. Master’s Thesis, Tianjin: Tianjin Normal University, 2014. (in Chinese)郑蒙蒙, 邵鲁泽, 管幼青, 周思齐, 李非里. 藻类富集水体重金属的机理及应用[J]. 环境科技, 2017, 30(6): 66-70.
ZHENG Meng, SHAO Luze, GUAN Youqing, ZHOU Siqi and LI Feili. Mechanism and application of algae enrichment of heavy metals in water. Environmental Science and Technology, 2017, 30(6): 66-70. (in Chinese)JEONG, Y. H., YANG, J. S. and PARK, K. Changes in water quality after the construction of an estuary dam in the Geum River estuary dam system, Korea. Journal of Coastal Research, 2014, 30(6): 1278-1286.
<br>https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-13-00081.1MOGAKABE, D. E., GINKEL, C. V. The water quality of Bospoort Dam. Pretoria: Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, 2008.李俊龙, 郑丙辉, 张铃松, 金小伟, 胡序朋, 刘方, 邵君波. 中国主要河口海湾富营养化特征及差异分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016, 36(2): 506-516.
LI Junlong, ZHENG Binghui, ZHANG Lingsong, JIN Xiaowei, HU Xupeng, LIU Fang and SHAO Junbo. Eutrophication characteristics and variation analysis of estuaries in China. Chinese Journal of Environmental Science, 2016, 36(2): 506-516. (in Chinese)RODRIGUES, B. W., OLIVEIRA, G. J. P., CAVALCANTE, O. R., et al. Mercury in the environment and riverside population in the Madeira River Basin, Amazon, Brazil. Science of the Total Environment, 2006, 368(1): 344-351.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.09.048李政, 滕柯延, 吴晗. 城市垃圾填埋场中汞污染的来源与归趋[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2018, 41(S1): 311-317.
LI Zheng, TENG Keyan and WU Han. Mercury pollution from municipal landfills: Resources and fate. Environmental Science and Technology, 2018, 41(S1): 311-317. (in Chinese)段振亚, 苏海涛, 王凤阳, 等. 生活垃圾焚烧厂垃圾的汞含量与汞排放特征研究[J]. 环境科学, 2016, 37(10): 3766-3773.
DUAN Zhenya, SU Haitao, WANG Fengyang, et al. Mercury emission characteristics and mercury concentrations of municipal solid waste in waste in waste in cineration plants. Environmental Science, 2016, 37(10): 3766-3773. (in Chi-nese)ZAHARESCU, D. G., HOODA, P. S., SOLER, A. P., et al. Trace metals and their source in the catchment of the high altitude Lake Respomuso, 18 Central Pyrenees. Science of the Total Environment, 2009, 407(11): 3546-3553.
<br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.02.026