世界上近五分之一的鸟类会因繁殖和越冬而进行定期的迁徙,迁徙的鸟类在生态学上具有很重要的意义。鸟类迁徙这一行为可能受多种因素影响,还有研究技术限制等原因,使得我们对鸟类迁徙路线的形成、维持以及迁徙遗传决定的因素知之甚少。本文就鸟类迁徙的起源与进化、研究方法和迁徙影响因素进行了综述,为迁徙鸟类的保护及迁徙机制的深入研究提供参考。
Nearly one-fifth of the world’s birds will migrate regularly due to breeding and overwintering. Migratory birds are ecologically important. The behavior of bird migration may be affected by many factors, as well as the limitation of research technology, which makes us know little about the formation and maintenance of bird migration routes and the factors that determine migration genetics. This article reviews the origin and evolution of bird migration, research methods and factors affecting migration, and provides references for in-depth research on the protection and migration mechanisms of migratory birds.
1College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot Inner Mongolia
2Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Biomanufacturing Key Laboratory, Hohhot Inner Mongolia
Received: Apr. 17th, 2021; accepted: May 19th, 2021; published: May 26th, 2021
ABSTRACT
Nearly one-fifth of the world’s birds will migrate regularly due to breeding and overwintering. Migratory birds are ecologically important. The behavior of bird migration may be affected by many factors, as well as the limitation of research technology, which makes us know little about the formation and maintenance of bird migration routes and the factors that determine migration genetics. This article reviews the origin and evolution of bird migration, research methods and factors affecting migration, and provides references for in-depth research on the protection and migration mechanisms of migratory birds.
鸟类迁徙进化的关键问题是鸟类通过迁徙,从原来的栖息区域向新的繁殖区域迁移,可以增强繁殖力,提高适应能力。根据对北极燕鸥的研究,发现其是地球上迁徙距离最长的鸟类,每年历经两个夏季,往返于北极北部的繁殖地和南极冰原的栖息地,全部行程长达70,000公里(表1),根据其迁飞模式,提出了一个假设,认为食物分配、风向、换羽习惯等,都是鸟类进化的决定性因素。Helbig AJ [10] 提出:鸟类迁徙是生态影响,而不是系统发育关系影响了一个物种或种群的迁徙行为。
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