近年来,柔性电化学传感器由于具有出色的柔韧性,拉伸性和电化学稳定性的优点在各个领域得到广泛的应用。碳基柔性传感器是在柔性基质上使用碳纳米材料或其复合物进行功能化或修饰的传感器。因其具有优异的电化学性能,低成本批量生产,高稳定性和出色的机械性等优点,所以满足了可穿戴传感器所需的高灵敏度,小型化集成的特点和需求。本文简要介绍了碳纳米材料修饰柔性电化学传感器的构建,发展以及在电化学检测中的应用,综述了近年来各类碳基柔性电化学传感器在不同领域的研究进展。
In recent years, flexible electrochemical sensors have been widely used in various fields because of their excellent flexibility, extensibility and electrochemical stability. Carbon-based flexible sensors are made by functionalizing or modifying carbon nanomaterials or their composites on flexible substrates. Because of its excellent electrochemical performance, low-cost mass production, high stability and excellent mechanical properties, it meets the characteristics and requirements of high sensitivity, miniaturization and integration required by wearable sensors. This paper briefly introduces the construction, development and application of carbon nanomaterial modified flexible electrochemical sensors in electrochemical detection, and summarizes the research progress of carbon-based flexible electrochemical sensors in different fields in the past several years.
In recent years, flexible electrochemical sensors have been widely used in various fields because of their excellent flexibility, extensibility and electrochemical stability. Carbon-based flexible sensors are made by functionalizing or modifying carbon nanomaterials or their composites on flexible substrates. Because of its excellent electrochemical performance, low-cost mass production, high stability and excellent mechanical properties, it meets the characteristics and requirements of high sensitivity, miniaturization and integration required by wearable sensors. This paper briefly introduces the construction, development and application of carbon nanomaterial modified flexible electrochemical sensors in electrochemical detection, and summarizes the research progress of carbon-based flexible electrochemical sensors in different fields in the past several years.
田 亮,蓝海天,李 静,苏梦杰,姜梦媛,于春梅. 基于碳基材料的柔性电化学传感器研究进展Research Progress of Flexible Electrochemical Sensors Based on Carbon-Based Materials[J]. 分析化学进展, 2021, 11(03): 108-116. https://doi.org/10.12677/AAC.2021.113012
参考文献ReferencesEconomou, A., Kokkinos, C. and Prodromidis, M. (2018) Flexible Plastic, Paper and Textile Lab-on-Chip Platforms for Electrochemical Biosensing. Lab on a Chip, 18, 1812-1830. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8LC00025ESonuç Karaboğa, M.N. and Sezgintürk, M.K. (2018) A Novel Silanization Agent Based Single Used Biosensing System: Detection of C-Reactive Protein as a Potential Alzheimer’s Disease Blood Biomarker. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 154, 227-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2018.03.016Shrivas, K., Ghosale, A., Bajpai, P.K., Kant, T., Dewangan, K. and Shankar, R. (2020) Advances in Flexible Electronics and Electrochemical Sensors Using Conducting Nanomaterials: A Review. Microchemical Journal, 156, Article ID: 104944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2020.104944蔡依晨, 黄维, 董晓臣. 可穿戴式柔性电子应变传感器[J]. 科学通报, 2017, 62(7): 635-649.
https://doi.org/10.1360/N972015-01445曾天禹, 黄显. 可穿戴传感器进展、挑战和发展趋势[J]. 科技导报, 2017, 35(2): 19-32.Zhou, H., Zhang, Y., Qiu, Y., Wu, H., Qin, W., Liao, Y., et al. (2020) Stretchable Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters and Self-Powered Sensors for Wearable and Implantable Devices. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 168, Article ID: 112569.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2020.112569Xua, J.W., Zhang, X.H., Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., Nie, H.-Y., Zhang, G., et al. (2020) Selective Coaxial Ink 3D Printing for Single-Pass Fabrication of Smart Elastomeric Foam with Embedded Stretchable Sensor. Additive Manufacturing, 36, Article ID: 101487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101487Ren, X., Pei, K., Peng, B., Zhang, Z., Wang, Z., Wang, X., et al. (2016) A Low-Operating-Power and Flexible Active-Matrix Organic-Transistor Temperature-Sensor Array. Advanced Materials, 28, 4832-4838.
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201600040Yim, E.K.F., Reano, R.M., Pang, S.W., Yee, A.F., Chen, C.S. and Leong, K.W. (2005) Nanopattern-Induced Changes in Morphology and Motility of Smooth Muscle Cells. Biomaterials, 26, 5405-5413.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.01.058Toworfe, G.K., Composto, R.J., Adams, C.S., Shapiro, I.M. and Ducheyne, P. (2004) Fibronectin Adsorption on Surface-Activated Poly (Dimethylsiloxane) and Its Effect on Cellular Function. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 71A, 449-461. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.30164Zhao, X., Wang, K.Q., Li, B., Wang, C., Ding, Y., Li, C., et al. (2018) Fabrication of Flexible and Stretchable Nanostructured Gold Electrode Using a Facile Ultraviolet Irradiation Approach for Nitric Oxide Detection Released from Cells. Analytical Chemistry, 90, 7158-7163. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01088Li, S., Lin, P., Zhao, L., Wang, C., Liu, D., Liu, F., Sun, P., et al. (2018) The Room Temperature Gas Sensor Based on Polyaniline@Flower-Like WO3 Nanocomposites and Flexible PET Substrate for NH3 Detection. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 259, 505-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.11.081Yaqoob, U., Uddin, A.S.M.I. and Chung, G.S. (2016) A High-Performance Flexible NO2 Sensor Based on WO3 NPs Decorated on MWCNTs and RGO Hybrids on PI/PET Substrates. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 224, 738-746.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2015.10.088Wang, Y., Wang, X., Lu, W., Yuan, Q., Zheng, Y. and Yao, B. (2019) A Thin Film Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of Glucose in Sweat. Talanta, 198, 86-92.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.104Hoeksema, H., De, Vos, M., Verbelen, J., Pirayesh, A. and Monstrey, S. (2013) Scar Management by Means of Occlusion and Hydration: A Comparative Study of Silicones versus a Hydrating Gel-Cream. Burns, 39, 1437-1448.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2013.03.025Mai, H., Mutlu, R., Tawk, C., Alici, G. and Sencadas, V. (2019) Ultra-Stretchable MWCNT-Ecoflex Piezoresistive Sensors for Human Motion Detection Applications. Composites Science and Technology, 173, 118-124.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.02.001Wen, Z., Yang, J., Ding, H., Zhang, W., Wu, D., Xu, J., et al. (2018) Ultra-Highly Sensitive, Low Hysteretic and Flexible Pressure Sensor Based on Porous MWCNTs/Ecoflex Elastomer Composites. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 29, 20978-20983. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-0242-3Yu, J., Hou, X., Cui, M., Zhang, N., Zhang, S., He, J., et al. (2020) Skin-Conformal BaTiO3/Ecoflex-Based Piezoelectric Nanogenerator for Self-powered Human Motion Monitoring. Materials Letters, 269, Article ID: 127686.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2020.127686Ding, Y., Hou, H., Zhao, Y., Zhu, Z. and Fong, H. (2016) Electrospun Polyimide Nanofibers and Their Applications. Progress in Polymer Science, 61, 67-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.06.006Charoonsuk, T., Muanghlua, R., Sriphan. S., Pongampai, S. and Vittayakorn, N. (2021) Utilization of Commodity Thermoplastic Polyethylene (PE) by Enhanced Sensing Performance with Liquid Phase Electrolyte for a Flexible and Transparent Triboelectric Tactile Sensor. Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 27, Article No. e00239.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2020.e00239Yao, Y.Y., Jin, S.H., Ma, X., Yu, R., Zou, H., Wang, H., et al. (2020) Graphene-Containing Flexible Polyurethane Porous Composites with Improved Electromagnetic Shielding and Flame Retardancy. Composites Science and Technology, 200, Article ID: 108457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108457Georgakilas, V., Perman, J.A., Tucek, J. and Zboril, R. (2015) Broad Family of Carbon Nanoallotropes: Classification, Chemistry, and Applications of Fullerenes, Carbon Dots, Nanotubes, Graphene, Nanodiamonds, and Combined Superstructures. Chemical Reviews, 115, 4744-4822. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500304flijima, S. (1991) Helical Microtubules of Graphitic Carbon. Nature, 354, 56-58. https://doi.org/10.1038/354056a0Carrell, R., Evans, D. and Stein, P. (1991) Mobile Reactive Centre of Serpins and the Control of Thrombosis. Nature, 353, 576-578. https://doi.org/10.1038/353576a0Oh, J.W., Heo, J. and Kim, T.H. (2018) An Electrochemically Modulated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Network for the Development of a Transparent Flexible Sensor for Dopamine. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 267, 438-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.04.048Bao, Q., Yang, Z., Song, Y., Fan, M., Pan, P., Liu, J., et al. (2019) Printed Flexible Bifunctional Electrochemical Urea-PH Sensor Based on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube/Polyaniline Electronic Ink. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 30, 1751-1759. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-0447-5Sui, G., Liu, D., Liu, Y., Ji, W., Zhang, Q. and Fu, Q. (2019) The Dispersion of CNT in TPU Matrix with Different Preparation Methods: Solution Mixing vs Melt Mixing. Polymer, 182, Article ID: 121838.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121838Pantano, A. and Cappello, F. (2008) Numerical Model for Composite Material with Polymer Matrix Reinforced by Carbon Nanotubes. Meccanica, 43, 263-270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-008-9121-yWang, X.J., Guo, X.L., Chen, J., Ge, C., Zhang, H., Liu, Y., et al. (2017) Au Nanoparticles Decorated Graphene/Nickel Foam Nanocomposite for Sensitive Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide. Journal of Materials Science and Technology, 33, 246-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2016.11.029Zhou, M., Zhai, Y. and Dong, S. (2009) Electrochemical Sensing and Biosensing Platform Based on Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide. Analytical Chemistry, 81, 5603-5613. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac900136zTig, G.A. (2017) Development of Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine, Uric Acid And L-Tryptophan Based on Ag Nanoparticles and Poly(L-Arginine)-Graphene Oxide Composite. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 807, 19-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.11.008Tan, A., Yang, G. and Wan, X. (2021) Ultra-High Quantum Yield Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots and Their Versatile Application in Fluorescence Sensing, Bioimaging and Anti-Counterfeiting. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 253, Article ID: 119583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2021.119583Han, G., Cai, J., Liu, C., Ren, J., Wang, X., Yang, J., et al. (2021) Highly sensitive Electrochemical Sensor Based on Xylan-Based Ag@CQDs-rGO Nanocomposite for Dopamine Detection. Applied Surface Science, 541, Article ID: 148566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.148566Mo, G., He, X., Zhou, C., Ya, D., Feng, J., Yu, C., et al. (2019) A Novel ECL Sensor Based on a Boronate Affinity Molecular Imprinting Technique and Functionalized Sio2@CQDs/AuNPs/MPBA Nanocomposites for Sensitive Determination of Alpha-Fetoprotein. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 126, 558-564.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.11.013Muthusankar, G., Devi, R.K. and Gopu, G. (2020) Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots Embedded Co3O4with Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes: An Efficient Probe for the Simultaneous Determination of Anticancer and Antibiotic Drugs. Biosensors and bioelectronics, 150, Article ID: 111947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2019.111947Raymundo-Pereira, P.A., Gomes, N.O., Shimizu, F.M., Machado, S.A.S. and Oliveira Jr., O.N. (2021) Selective and Sensitive Multiplexed Detection of Pesticides in Food Samples Using Wearable, Flexible Glove-Embedded Non-Enzymatic Sensors. Chemical Engineering Journal, 408, Article ID: 127279.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.127279Wang, C., Qian, J., An, K., Ren, C., Lu, X., Hao, N., et al. (2018) Fabrication of Magnetically Assembled Aptasensing Device for Label-Free Determination of Aflatoxin B1 Based on EIS. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 108, 69-75.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.02.043Khosrokhavar, R., Motaharian, A., Milani Hosseini, M.R. and Mohammadsadegh, S. (2020) Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode (SPCE) Modified by Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) Nanoparticles and Graphene Nanosheets for Determination of Sertraline Antidepressant Drug. Microchemical Journal, 159, Article ID: 105348.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2020.105348Kim, J., Imani, S., de, Araujo, W.R. and Warchall, J. (2015) Wearable Salivary Uric Acid Mouthguard Biosensor with Integrated Wireless Electronics. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 74, 1061-1068.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2015.07.039Hui, X., Xuan, X., Kim, J. and Park, J.Y. (2019) A Highly Flexible and Selective Dopamine Sensor Based on Pt-Au Nanoparticle-Modified Laser-Induced Graphene. Electrochimica Acta, 328, Article ID: 135066.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135066Silva, R.R., Raymundo-Pereira, P.A., Campos, A.M., Wilson, D., Otoni, C.G., Barud, H.S., et al. (2020) Microbial Nanocellulose Adherent to Human Skin Used in Electrochemical Sensors to Detect Metal Ions and Biomarkers in Sweat. Talanta, 218, Article ID: 121153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121153Miao, P. and Tang, Y.G. (2020) Cascade Toehold-Medicated Strand Displacement Reaction for Ultrasensitive Detection of Exosomal MicriRNA. CCS Chemistry, 2, 2331-2339. https://doi.org/10.31635/ccschem.020.202000458Dou, B., Li, J., Jiang, B., Yuan, R. and Xiang, Y. (2019) DNA-Lated in Situ Synthesis of Highly Dispersed AuNPs on Nitrogen-Doped Graphene for Real-Time Electrochemical Monitoring of Nitric Oxide Released from Live Cancer Cells. Analytical Chemistry, 91, 2273-2278. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04863Gulati, P., Mishra, P., Khanuja, M., Narang, J. and Islam, S.S. (2020) Nano-Moles Detection of Tumor Specific Biomarker DNA for Colorectal Cancer Detection Using Vertically Aligned Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Based Flexible Electrodes. Process Biochemistry, 90, 184-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2019.11.021Mansouri Majd, S. and Salimi, A. (2018) Ultrasensitive Flexible FET-Type Aptasensor for CA 125 Cancer Marker Detection Based on Carboxylated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Immobilized onto Reduced Graphene Oxide Film. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1000, 273-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.008Park, H.J., Kim, W.J., Lee, H.K., Lee, D.-S., Shin, J.-H., Jun, Y., et al. (2018) Highly Flexible, Mechanically Stable, and Sensitive NO2 Gas Sensors Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanofibrous Mesh Fabric for Flexible Electronics. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 257, 846-852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.11.032Ma, J., Fan, H., Li, Z., Jia, Y., Kumar Yadav, A., Dong, G., et al. (2021) Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Polyaniline on the Ethylenediamine Modified Polyethylene Terephthalate Fibers for a Flexible Room Temperature Ammonia Gas Sensor with High Responses. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 334, Article ID: 129677.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2021.129677Nasraoui, S., Al-Hamry, A., Teixeira, P.R., Ameur, S., Paterno, L.G., Ben Ali, M., et al. (2021) Electrochemical Sensor for Nitrite Detection in Water Samples Using Flexible Laser-Induced Graphene Electrodes Functionalized by CNT Decorated by Au Nanoparticles. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 880, Article ID: 114893.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114893