吉布森笔下的《神经漫游者》是一部赛博朋克科幻小说,机器的快速发展为人类同时带来福祉与挑战,这种矛盾关系是小说的一大主题。根植后人类视域,吉布森在《神经漫游者》中构想了近未来人机协作的共同体模式:在后人类时代,人机共同体以机械改造人赛博格和人机耦合团队聚合体两种独特形式存在。人机共同体内部,人与机器共享有机、交互、平等的互动关系。本文指出,吉布森虽然对后人类生存境遇的矛盾双方都施以笔墨,但通过构想人机共同体,其突出的是科技爆炸式发展之情境中对人性的回归,以及人类与机器走向协作式共同体的后人类愿景。
Authored by William Gibson, Neuromancer is a work of Cyberpunk science fiction. The paradox of machine development, bringing both benefits and challenges to humanity, is an overriding theme of the novel. Rooted in a posthuman perspective, Gibson conceives of a near-future situation of human-machine collaboration. The human-machine community takes on two unique forms: cyborg and body-machine complex. An organic and equal interaction occurs between humans and machines within such a community. This article points out that Gibson pays attention to both benefits and challenges of machine development in the novel; however, by imagining a human-machine community, Gibson focuses more on the importance of humanity. This leads to a posthuman vision of humans and machines moving toward a collaborative community.
后人类,赛博格,人机共同体,神经漫游者, Posthuman Cyborg Human-Machine Community Neuromancer摘要
Received: Apr. 27th, 2021; accepted: Aug. 18th, 2021; published: Aug. 25th, 2021
ABSTRACT
Authored by William Gibson, Neuromancer is a work of Cyberpunk science fiction. The paradox of machine development, bringing both benefits and challenges to humanity, is an overriding theme of the novel. Rooted in a posthuman perspective, Gibson conceives of a near-future situation of human-machine collaboration. The human-machine community takes on two unique forms: cyborg and body-machine complex. An organic and equal interaction occurs between humans and machines within such a community. This article points out that Gibson pays attention to both benefits and challenges of machine development in the novel; however, by imagining a human-machine community, Gibson focuses more on the importance of humanity. This leads to a posthuman vision of humans and machines moving toward a collaborative community.
吉布森在访谈中曾被问及这样一个问题:“是什么让你决定使这样一个智能体(指AI)拥有自我意识,并代表人性?”吉布森说“我们只是没有习惯它是个好人,实际上我有种想法,这个新奇的玩意会变成混合式人类——人工智能(hybrid human AI)——他将会非常聪明,因为他将能真正理解我们” [17]。在吉布森笔下,后人类时代人机混合构成共同体几乎是不可避免的。这种合作模式不是简单的人类操纵机器或机器操纵人类,而是有机、交互、平等的共同体。人机共同体具有后人类特质,它们以赛博格或聚合体的形式存在。但与此同时,在后人类时代人机共同体的内部,人机不可避免地同化,这也带来人类异化的问题。吉布森将人性作为人类的最终边界,在《神经漫游者》的结局中从人类、机器两个不同角度共同揭示了人性回归的主题。
文章引用
曹 岳. 后人类视域下的人机共同体——论《神经漫游者》中的人机关系Human-Machine Community in the Posthuman Era—On the Human-Machine Relationship in Neuromancer[J]. 世界文学研究, 2021, 09(03): 89-95. https://doi.org/10.12677/WLS.2021.93014
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