我国是世界猕猴桃属植物的分布中心,也是世界猕猴桃最大种植国。猕猴桃产业的健康发展对促进农民就业创业、拓宽增收渠道、推动乡村振兴具有重要意义。优良的猕猴桃品种要达到丰产、稳产离不开健康的土壤和良好的种植管理方式。传统的猕猴桃果园土壤受过量化肥、农药等影响土壤质量遭到严重破坏,且果园中大量土地空间和自然资源未得到充分利用,因此,改善猕猴桃果园土壤质量,提高果园土壤利用效率是提质增效的有效途径之一。本文立足果园间作技术研究基础,通过大量文献调研,综述猕猴桃果园绿肥间作对土壤及果实品质的影响等,为猕猴桃果园的土壤质量提升及科学种植管理提供技术参考。 China is the distribution center and the largest kiwifruit growing country in the world. The healthy development of the kiwifruit industry is of great significance for promoting farmers’ employment and entrepreneurship and rural revitalization. Good kiwifruit is inseparable from healthy soil and good planting management to achieve high yield and stable production. The soil quality of tradi-tional kiwifruit orchard is severely damaged by excessive chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and a large amount of land space and natural resources in the orchard are not fully utilized. Therefore, improving the soil quality of kiwifruit orchard and increasing the efficiency of orchard soil utiliza-tion is a qualitative improvement. Thus, this article reviews the effects of green manure inter-cropping in kiwi orchard on soil and fruit quality through a large amount of literature research, and provides technical reference for soil quality improvement and scientific planting management of kiwifruit orchard.
我国是世界猕猴桃属植物的分布中心,也是世界猕猴桃最大种植国。猕猴桃产业的健康发展对促进农民就业创业、拓宽增收渠道、推动乡村振兴具有重要意义。优良的猕猴桃品种要达到丰产、稳产离不开健康的土壤和良好的种植管理方式。传统的猕猴桃果园土壤受过量化肥、农药等影响土壤质量遭到严重破坏,且果园中大量土地空间和自然资源未得到充分利用,因此,改善猕猴桃果园土壤质量,提高果园土壤利用效率是提质增效的有效途径之一。本文立足果园间作技术研究基础,通过大量文献调研,综述猕猴桃果园绿肥间作对土壤及果实品质的影响等,为猕猴桃果园的土壤质量提升及科学种植管理提供技术参考。
绿肥间作,土壤质量,果实品质,猕猴桃
Yan Xu1,2,3,4, Chendi Shi1,2,3,4, Zhezhe Mu1,2,3,4
1Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, The Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xi’an Shaanxi
2Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group, Xi’an Shaanxi
3Insititute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group, Xi’an Shaanxi
4Shaanxi Provincial Land Consolidation Engineering Technology Research Center, Xi’an Shaanxi
Received: Aug. 20th, 2021; accepted: Sep. 22nd, 2021; published: Sep. 29th, 2021
China is the distribution center and the largest kiwifruit growing country in the world. The healthy development of the kiwifruit industry is of great significance for promoting farmers’ employment and entrepreneurship and rural revitalization. Good kiwifruit is inseparable from healthy soil and good planting management to achieve high yield and stable production. The soil quality of traditional kiwifruit orchard is severely damaged by excessive chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and a large amount of land space and natural resources in the orchard are not fully utilized. Therefore, improving the soil quality of kiwifruit orchard and increasing the efficiency of orchard soil utilization is a qualitative improvement. Thus, this article reviews the effects of green manure intercropping in kiwi orchard on soil and fruit quality through a large amount of literature research, and provides technical reference for soil quality improvement and scientific planting management of kiwifruit orchard.
Keywords:Green Manure Intercropping, Soil Quality, Fruit Quality, Kiwifruit
Copyright © 2021 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.
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我国猕猴桃种植资源极为丰富,是世界猕猴桃属植物的分布中心,也是世界猕猴桃最大种植国。据统计,至2017年中国猕猴桃采收面积和产量均稳居世界第一,陕西省是国内猕猴桃栽培面积和产量最大的省份,猕猴桃产业的健康发展对促进当地农民增收、推动乡村振兴意义重大 [
猕猴桃属大型落叶藤本植物,对环境适应性较差,对光、热、土、肥、水等要求较高,管理难度大,因此高投入高产出特征明显。优良的猕猴桃品种要达到丰产、稳产离不开健康的土壤和良好的种植管理方式。调查显示,目前大部分果农对土壤进行不定期反复清耕,且为追求高产多实行猕猴桃单作,导致果园土壤生物多样性下降,病虫害多发、生态系统不稳定 [
已有研究表明果园绿肥种植可有效改善土壤理化性质,培肥果园土壤,同时改良果园小气候,创造适宜果树生长的微生态环境。近年来,猕猴桃果园间作也成为重要的种植模式 [
绿肥作物是以新鲜植物体就地翻压、异地使用或堆沤后主要作为肥料或间套轮作的栽培农作物总称,主要包括豆科、禾本科和十字花科等植物,能有效促进主作物生长,改善土壤理化性质。果园绿肥间作是当今世界开展的土壤质量改良与提升的热点技术之一,在果园生产中应用广泛 [
健康的土壤是果园丰产、稳产的重要前提,果园中进行绿肥间作有利于改善猕猴桃生长所需的微生态环境 [
土壤酶和微生物群落也是影响土壤健康的重要指标。研究表明绿肥间作可通过增加果园根际土壤中的细菌、真菌等微生物种类与数量,形成物理屏障以阻挡病原菌的传播,增强土壤抗病虫害的能力 [
多年栽培研究表明,猕猴桃果园绿肥间作能够通过改善果园生态系统和猕猴桃生长环境来提升果实品质与产量,有效提高果园生态与经济效益 [
果园间作具有改土保墒、优化果园生态、促进果实丰产、稳产的重要优势。目前我国在猕猴桃果园土壤绿肥间作相关研究和应用仍较为滞后,关于猕猴桃、绿肥间作、果园土壤质量、微生物、酶活性及土壤动物等相互作用的机理尚不明确,间作绿肥的种类、时间、互作方式、水肥农药配施等具体技术参数等定量研究较少。未来应注重定性与定量化研究结合,形成普适性广、可靠实用的猕猴桃果园标准化间作技术,实现猕猴桃果园提质增效,进而促进猕猴桃产业健康发展。
陕西省土地工程建设集团内部科研项目(DJNY2020-14, DJNY2021-34)。
徐 艳,师晨迪,慕哲哲. 猕猴桃果园绿肥间作对土壤质量及果实品质的影响Effects of Green Manure Intercropping in Kiwifruit Orchard on Soil Quality and Fruit Quality[J]. 土壤科学, 2021, 09(04): 162-165. https://doi.org/10.12677/HJSS.2021.94020