组织工程学一直致力于将生物细胞与材料相结合,体外或体内构建器官组织用于修复人类身体的损伤。随着研究的不断深入,支架材料也不断地仿生化、功能化,能够通过改善细胞的活性来修复或调节功能受损的组织。研究显示细胞活动与细胞内信号传导多以生物电信号的形式进行,因而导电材料可以赋予损伤组织更加良好的生物传感环境,有助于引导细胞在损伤部位的行为,包括迁移、粘附、增殖和分化。从聚合物到复合材料,再到陶瓷甚至金属,已经有各种类型的导电材料被引入组织工程中,根据其导电性能也可划分为导电与半导电。本综述旨在重点介绍并总结那些应用于组织工程中的导电生物材料的研究进展。 Tissue engineering has been committed to combining biological cells and materials to construct organs and tissues in vitro
or
in vivo
to repair human body damage. With the deepening of research, scaffold materials are constantly biomimetic and functionalized, and can repair or mediate damaged tissues by improving cell activity. Studies have shown that cell activities and intracellular signal transduction are mostly carried out in the form of bioelectrical signals. Therefore, conductive materials can give damaged tissues a better biosensing environment and help guide cell behavior at the damaged site, including migration, adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. From polymers to composite materials, to ceramics and even metals, various types of conductive materials have been introduced into tissue engineering. According to their conductive properties, they can also be divided into conductive and semi-conductive. This review aims to introduce and summarize the research progress of conductive biomaterials used in tissue engineering.
Research on the Application of Conductive Materials in Tissue Engineering
Zhixin Xu, Yahong Zhao*, Yumin Yang*
Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong Jiangsu
Tissue engineering has been committed to combining biological cells and materials to construct organs and tissues in vitro or in vivo to repair human body damage. With the deepening of research, scaffold materials are constantly biomimetic and functionalized, and can repair or mediate damaged tissues by improving cell activity. Studies have shown that cell activities and intracellular signal transduction are mostly carried out in the form of bioelectrical signals. Therefore, conductive materials can give damaged tissues a better biosensing environment and help guide cell behavior at the damaged site, including migration, adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. From polymers to composite materials, to ceramics and even metals, various types of conductive materials have been introduced into tissue engineering. According to their conductive properties, they can also be divided into conductive and semi-conductive. This review aims to introduce and summarize the research progress of conductive biomaterials used in tissue engineering.
通过共混的方法向非导电材料中掺入导电粒子是制备导电材料的一种常见的方法。金属纳米粒子由于其天生优良的导电性,往往成为人们的首选。然而作为组织工程所需的生物材料,其生物相容性是必须要考虑的。由于纳米颗粒的普遍效应,与金属粒子接触的细胞必然经历吞噬的过程,这会导致细胞内金属粒子的聚集,这就可能产生细胞毒性与组织炎症反应。因此,低毒、低免疫原性也是组织工程中金属粒子的必然要求。金纳米粒子(AuNPs)也称为胶体金,是亚微米级金属颗粒在流体中的悬浮液,直径在3到200 nm之间。AuNPs因其特殊的特性而受到越来越多的关注,例如非凡的光学和电子特性、高稳定性和生物相容性、可控的形态和分散尺寸以及便易的表面功能化 [79]。K. D. McKeon-Fischer和J. W. Freeman将聚乳酸(PLLA)与AuNPs共混,通过静电纺丝技术制备了生物可降解的纳米纤维支架,实验结果表明该纳米纤维支架具有良好的导电性,可降解性与生物相容性 [80]。
徐志新,赵亚红,杨宇民. 关于导电材料在组织工程中应用的研究Research on the Application of Conductive Materials in Tissue Engineering[J]. 纳米技术, 2021, 11(04): 278-287. https://doi.org/10.12677/NAT.2021.114030
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