青光眼是一种神经退行性疾病,其特征为视网膜神经节细胞(Retinal Ganglion Cell, RGC)逐渐丧失,其主要危险因素为眼内压升高(Intra-Ocular Pressure, IOP)。目前,青光眼的发生发展过程尚不十分明确,青光眼的啮齿动物模型极大地改善了我们对青光眼病理生理的理解,并成为研究神经保护剂的有用工具。本文通过对国内外诱发啮齿动物高眼压所致青光眼的模型进行总结,分析、讨论了每种模型的优越性和局限性。
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the gradual loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC), and its main risk factor is increased intraocular pressure (Intra-Ocular Pressure, IOP). At present, the occurrence and development process of glaucoma is not very clear. The rodent model of glaucoma has greatly improved our understanding of the pathophysiology of glaucoma and has become a useful tool for studying neuroprotective agents. This article summarizes the models of glaucoma caused by high intraocular pressure in rodents at home and abroad, analyzes and discusses the advantages and limitations of each model.
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the gradual loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC), and its main risk factor is increased intraocular pressure (Intra-Ocular Pressure, IOP). At present, the occurrence and development process of glaucoma is not very clear. The rodent model of glaucoma has greatly improved our understanding of the pathophysiology of glaucoma and has become a useful tool for studying neuroprotective agents. This article summarizes the models of glaucoma caused by high intraocular pressure in rodents at home and abroad, analyzes and discusses the advantages and limitations of each model.
Keywords:Glaucoma, Ocular Hypertension, Rodent Model
激光光凝的机制是通过激光束破坏小梁网,小梁瘢痕形成,阻塞schlemm管,从而增加流出通道的阻力,使眼压升高 [12]。眼压升高的另一种推测是由于小梁周围广泛的前粘连或内皮化 [13]。大多数激光光凝是使用二极管激光器进行的,而在啮齿动物模型中主要使用的是氩激光器。激光光凝是一种非侵入性方法,但是啮齿动物的房角较窄,经常会出现激光束无法准确的射入小梁网的问题。2019年CHAN K C [14] 等人通过激光选择性燃烧小梁网,克服了这一难点,成功建立了青光眼高眼压模型。与其他青光眼模型相比,激光光凝在单次激光手术后,眼压升高的成功率相对较高,但对小梁网的破坏不可逆,容易引起角膜水肿、前房积血以及眼内炎等并发症;同时需要的设备价格昂贵,操作者需要有很高的操作技术水平。不适合在实验室中普遍应用。
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